Golestan University of Medical Sciences
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The effects of curcumin supplementation on liver function, metabolic profile and body composition in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full textBackground: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide. Curcumin is the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic and also anti-hyperlipidemia agent and uses as herbal medicine for treating liver diseases. Objective: The present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on metabolic markers and anthropometric parameters in patients with (NAFLD). Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of curcumin supplementation on the arms of this study in patients with NAFLD up to September 2019. Mean difference (MD) was pooled using a random effects model. Potential publication bias was assessed using Egger's weighted regression tests. Results: After excluding irrelevant records, 9 RCTs included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results of included studies indicated a significant reduction in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting blood sugar (FBS), HOMA-IR, serum insulin and waist circumference (WC), but not in serum triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), HbA1c, body weight and body mass index (BMI) following curcumin supplementation. Additionally, age- and baseline TC-based subgroup analysis indicated a significant reduction in TG and also duration- and dosage-based showed a significant change in BMI. Conclusion: The current study revealed that curcumin supplementation has favorable effect on metabolic markers and anthropometric parameters in patients with NAFLD. © 2019 Elsevier Lt
Effective factors on the utilization of health population covered by the urban family physician program in Iran
No full textIntroduction: The urban family physician program for increase the utilization of health services has been implemented in Fars and Mazandaran provinces since 2012. In this way, this study aimed to determine the benefit level for population covered by the urban family physician program in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. Participants on the households covered by the urban family physician program; were selected by random cluster sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 2 parts: individual variables and benefit level of health services with 33 open and closed questions; its validity and reliability were confirmed. Results: Among 1768 households with a population of 5628 people, 5521(98.1) had one type of basic insurance. 0.31 of the people who had supplementary insurance. The average time between the home and the work place for the family physician was 18.6±18.9 minutes on foot and 5.7±5.1 by car. Correspondingly, 75.8 of those who had basic insurance were visited at least once by their family physician. The average family physician visits for participants over 15 years old was 5.14 times per year. Factors such as health records, household size, supplementary insurance, illness, education, occupation, physician replacement, availability time, and familiarity with the Family Physician Program were effective in terms of coverage of the affected population with a meaningful level (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that all covered individuals did not benefit from the urban family physician program, and a number of individual factors influenced the benefit of the urban family physician program. © 2020, Semnan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Protective effects of pharmacological agents against aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity: A systematic review
No full textIntroduction: Aminoglycosides have been long used for antibacterial treatment and are still commonly used in clinical practice. Despite their extensive application and positive effects, drug-related toxicity is considered as the main obstacle for aminoglycosides. Aminoglycosides induce nephrotoxicity through the endocytosis and accumulation of the antibiotics in the epithelial cells of proximal tubule. Most importantly, however, a number of pharmacological agents were demonstrated to have protective activities against nephrotoxicity in experimental animals. Areas covered: In the present systematic review, the authors provide and discuss the mechanisms and epidemiological features of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity, and focus mainly on recent discoveries and key features of pharmacological interventions. In total, 39 articles were included in this review. Expert opinion: The majority of studies investigated gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in animal models. Antioxidants, chemicals, synthetic drugs, hormones, vitamins, and minerals showed potential values to prevent gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Indicators used to evaluate the effectiveness of nephroprotection included antioxidative indexes, inflammatory responses, and apoptotic markers. Among the nephroprotective agents studied, herbs and natural antioxidant agents showed excellent potential to provide a protective strategy against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. © 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
High-efficiency anti-enterotoxigenic activity of Lactobacillus on staphylococcal enterotoxins biosynthesis
No full textStaphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are the main reason for the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus, and finding a suitable inhibitory agent against their production is necessary for the food industry. The aim of this study was the finding a mixture of Lactobacillus strains with the highest anti-enterotoxigenic activity (AEA) against the production of A and B enterotoxins from S. aureus grown on medium including sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of cell-free supernatant (CFS) of three Lactobacillus species using by real-time PCR and statistical method of mixture design. Results showed the antibacterial activity (AA) of CFS of Lactobacillus strains on S. aureus was higher than their microbial suspensions. Among the Lactobacillus isolates evaluated in this study, CFS of L. brevis isolated from fermented olive had higher AA against S. aureus and its A and B enterotoxins production. A synergistic inhibitory effect was observed between CFSs of L. brevis isolated from fermented olive, L. plantarum isolated from fermented olive and L. brevis isolated from pickled garlic. The highest AEA was observed by treatment with a mixture containing 45 CFS of L. brevis isolated from fermented olive, 27 CFS of L. plantarum isolated from fermented olive, and 28 CFS of L. brevis isolated from pickled garlic. © 2020 Elsevier Lt
Theoretical study of nitrogen, boron, and co-doped (B, N) armchair graphene nanoribbons
No full textThe electronic properties of the graphene nanoribbons (GNR) with armchair chirality were studied using the density functional theory (DFT) combined with non-equilibrium green�s function method (NEGF) formalism. The role of donor and acceptor dopants of nitrogen and boron was studied separately and also in the situation of co-doping. The charge density, electronic density of states (DOS), and transmission coefficient at different bias voltages are presented for comparison between pure and doped states. It was found that this doping plays the main role in the distortion of the GNR lattices for cases of B and N as it affects straightly on the DOS and transmission coefficient of the systems under study. The band structure of edge was engineered by differently selecting the doping positions of B, N, and B-N hexagonal rings and it was found that there are significant changes in the electronic properties of these systems due to doping. This study can be used for developing GNR device based on doping B and N atoms. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
In Vitro Synergistic Effect of Vancomycin and Some Antibacterial Agents against Clinical Methicillin-Resistant and Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
No full textMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be responsible for serious long-term infections. Sometimes monotherapy can be ineffective for the treatment of these infections; hence, it is hypothesized that combined drug treatment can be more potent in these cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of vancomycin and eight other antibacterial agents to identify the best combination pattern in the management of MRSA. Ameri-Ziaee double synergism test (AZDAST), double-disc, checkerboard, and time-kill methods were used to assess the synergistic effect in 24 isolates of S. aureus, including 22 MRSA and two methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Furthermore, based on the results, handmade combined antibiotic discs were prepared to evaluate the results of the checkerboard and time-kill methods at the plate level. All the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin. Furthermore, penicillin had the highest resistance (100) in all isolates. The synergistic activities were observed, when the vancomycin was combined with the imipenem, using three double-disc, checkerboard, and time-kill methods. The sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) amount of the combined discs could increase the diameter of the inhibition zone, confirming the results. The data obtained from this study suggested that vancomycin and imipenem together, even at sub-MIC, could be effective against MRSA and MSSA infections. © Copyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2020
Upregulation of Fucosyltransferase 3, 8 and protein O-Fucosyltransferase 1, 2 genes in esophageal cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs)
No full textRecently, studies have shown that Fucosylation plays an important role in the invasion and metastatic process of CSLCs. Understanding the expression pattern of fucosyltransferase (FUT) genes may help to suggest better-targeted therapy strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The study aimed to address the expression pattern of FUT gene variants in esophageal CSLCs and parental adherent cells. Sphere formation method was used to enrich CSLCs. Expression of FUT genes was examined in tumor sphere and parental adherent cells using the RT-PCR method and then relative expression of detected variants was performed by the Real-Time PCR method in both groups. The detected FUTs, also, were assessed in fresh ESCC tumors and the matched healthy controls. Analysis of The cell surface carbohydrate Lewis x (LeX, CD15) was performed by flow cytometry. Molecular analysis showed that the expression of FUT 3, 8 and POFUT1, 2 genes in tumorsphere were significantly higher than parental adherent cells. Analysis of fresh ESCC tumor tissues and the matched healthy controls showed that FUT8 and POFUT1, 2 genes in contrast to FUT 3 have higher expression in tumor tissues than controls. Flow cytometric analyses revealed that tumorsphere and their parent cells do not differ significantly in Lewis x surface marker. The present study showed that FUT 3, 8 and POFUT1, 2 genes upregulated in esophageal CSLCs in comparison to adherent cells. Understanding the expression pattern of FUT gene variants may help to suggest better-targeted therapy strategies for ESCC. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Relationship between self-care behaviors and inherent dignity and their predictors in the elderly with chronic heart failure
No full textIntroduction: Self-care is one of the most important strategy to control heart failure that can increase patients� independence and satisfaction and maintain their respect and dignity in the family and society. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-care behaviors and inherent dignity and their predictors in the elderly with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 109 elderlies visiting the cardiology clinics affiliated with the Golestan University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The participants were selected based on convenience sampling and the data were collected using a clinical and demographic information form, inherent dignity Questionnaire (IDQ), and the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behavior Scale (EHFSCBS). The obtained data were statistically analyzed in SPSS-16 by using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, relative frequency, and absolute frequency) and inferential statistics (univariate and multiple linear regression, the independent t-test, the Mann�Whitney U test, one-way ANOVA, and the Kruskal-Wallis test) at the 0.05 level of significance. intrinsiv Results: The mean score of self-care behaviors and inherent dignity was equal to 22.42±2.52 and 121.44±9.89, respectively. The results showed that there was a poorand insignificant correlation between self-care behaviors and inherent dignity (r=0.07, p=0.42). Among the predictors of self-care behaviors in the elderly with CHF, age in both regression models and educational attainment in the univariate linear regression modelwere statistically significant and thus were identified as the predictors of self-care behaviors in such patients. Conclusions: Although the mean scores of self-care behaviors and inherent dignity were evaluated good, there was a poor and insignificant relationship between these two variables. In addition, variables such as age, ethnicity, insurance coverage, and educational attainment were identified as the predictors of self-care behaviors and inherent dignity in such patients. © 2020, Hampstead Psychological Associates. All rights reserved
17β-Estradiol improves insulin signalling and insulin resistance in the aged female hearts: Role of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines
No full textAging effects in energy balance in all tissues and organs, including the cardiovascular. The risk of cardiovascular disease is drastically higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Estrogen plays an important role in the cardiac function and body's metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether 17β-estradiol (E2) has beneficial effects on insulin resistance and some key stages of the insulin signalling pathway in the aged hearts. Young and aged female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and were randomly divided into three groups: young (YS) and aged (AS) sham, young (YV) and aged (AV) vehicle, and young (YE2) and aged (AE2) E2 treatment groups. E2 (1 mg/kg) was administrated every four days for four weeks. Results showed that ovariectomy increased fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HOMAIR in young, while none of these parameters was affected in aged animals. On the other hand, aging itself increased these variables. Furthermore, E2 therapy alleviated these changes in both young and aged animals. Moreover, aging also decreased the p-IRS1, p-Akt level, and translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. E2 reduced the negative impact of menopause and aging on insulin sensitivity by favoring increase in the level of IL-10 and decrease in the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. Our results indicated that the heart response to E2 depended on age, and E2 increased insulin sensitivity in the heart of both young and aged animals by altering inflammatory conditions. Determining the exact mechanism of this action is suggested in future studies. © 2020 Elsevier Inc
Tumor associated macrophages in the molecular pathogenesis of ovarian cancer
No full textThe tumor microenvironment is a critical factor that enhances cancer progression, drug resistance, and failure of therapeutic approaches. Several cellular and non-cellular factors are involved in cancer promotion. Among the several cell populations in the tumor microenvironment, macrophages, as one of the most abundant innate immune cells within the tumor milieu, have attracted extensive attention among several researchers because of their critical role in innate pathophysiology of multiple disorders, as well as ovarian cancer. High plasticity and consequent high ability to adapt to environmental alternations by adjusting their cellular metabolism and immunological phenotype is the notable characteristic of macrophages. Therefore, the critical function of tumor-associated macrophages in ovarian cancer is highlighted in the growing body of recent studies. In this article, we will comprehensively focus on significant impacts of the macrophages on ovarian cancer progression, by discussing the role of macrophages as one of the fundamental immune cells present in tumor milieu, in metabolic reprogramming of transformed cells, and involvement of these cells in the ovarian cancer initiation, progression, invasion, and angiogenesis. Moreover, we will summarise recent studies evaluating the effects of targeting macrophages in ovarian cancer. © 202