Golestan University of Medical Sciences
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Corrigendum to: Joint effect of diabetes and opiate use on all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the Golestan cohort study
No full textComparison of QT interval between neonates with maternal gestational diabetes and healthy mothers
No full textBackground: The risk of developing metabolic syndrome and diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, has been increased as a worldwide rise in obesity. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or maternal hyperglycemia is a risk factor for cardiac dysfunction in neonates. The present study compared the QT interval in neonates with maternal GDM and healthy mothers. Methods: This case-control study was carried out on term neonates with maternal GDM (case group; n=42) and healthy non-diabetic mothers (control group; n=42) in Sayyad-e-Shirazi hospital in Gorgan, Northeast of Iran, within March 2016 and February 2017. A pediatric cardiologist evaluated septal hypertrophy by Doppler echocardiography (Zonare ZS3) during the first 2 weeks after birth. A standard 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded for 10 sec, and a corrected QT (QTc) value was calculated. The data were analyzed by the latest version of SPSS software (version 16) using the Chi-square and t-test for the assessment of the differences in the QT values and other indices between the two groups. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The results of the present study showed congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in six neonates. Significantly higher QT (249±36 and 245± 28 ms), septal thickness (6.09±1.07 and 5±1 mm), and lower QTc value (382±44.06 and 392± 34 ms) were observed in the case group, compared to those reported for the control group (P<0.001). The QTc dispersion was significantly different between the subjects under insulin therapy and participants receiving an antihyperglycemic oral regimen. Conclusion: In this study, significant thicker cardiac septum and higher QT interval were observed in the neonates born from mothers with GDM in comparison to those from healthy mothers. This could suggest close cardiac monitoring of these neonates due to the higher probability of CHDs. © 2021 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Lactobacillus Species from Iranian Jug Cheese: Identification and Selection of Probiotic Based on Safety and Functional Properties
No full textBackground and Objective: Traditional fermented products are appropriate sources for the isolation of indigenous bacteria with probiotic characteristics and potential similar or better than commercial probiotics. In this study, Lactobacillus species were isolated from jug cheese, a type of Iranian traditional cheese, and their potential probiotic characteristics were studied. Material and Methods: Study of the probiotic species included hemolytic activity, antibiotic susceptibility, inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria, low pH and bile salts tolerance, viability in gastrointestinal tract conditions and adhesion ability to HT-29 cells. Results and Conclusion: Results showed that the isolates included no hemolytic activity and were susceptible or intermediate susceptibility to most antibiotics. Of four isolates, Lactobacillus plantarum KMJC4 showed the strongest antibacterial activity (MIC = 6.25 mg ml-1) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. All the isolates, except Lactobacillus curvatus KMJC3, preserved their viability after transition through the simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions above 106CFU ml-1. Lactobacillus acidipiscis KMJC2 and Lactobacillus plantarum KMJC4 showed the lowest and the highest adhesion rates to HT-29 cells with 3.55 and 6.80 Log10CFU ml-1(42.51 and 71.35), respectively. Lactobacillus plantarum KMJC4 included a better bacterial inhibitory activity and adhesion to HT-29 cells than that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG did as control. Lactobacillus brevis KMJC1 demonstrated appropriate probiotic characteristics such as antibacterial activity, viability in low pH, bile salts and gastrointestinal tract conditions and adhesion capability to HT-29 cells. In conclusion, Lactobacillus plantarum KMJC4 and Lactobacillus brevis KMJC1 were introduced as probiotic capable strains. Based on the results from the current in vitro study, finding probiotics with similar or better characteristics than commercial probiotics within indigenous bacteria is quite possible. In vivo assessment of the bacteria can be considered in future studies, investigating using possibilities of these bacteria in food industries to produce functional fermented foods and in pharmaceutical industries in form of probiotic capsules. © 2021. All rights reserved
Comparing the results of logistic regression model and classification and regression tree analysis in determining prognostic factors for coronary artery disease in Mashhad, Iran
No full textBackground and purpose: Understanding of the risk factors for cardiovascular artery disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide, can lead to essential changes in its etiology, prevalence, and treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the results of logistic regression model and Classification and Regression Tree Analysis (CART) in determining the prognostic factors for coronary artery disease in people living in Mashhad, Iran. Materials and methods: The present case-control study used the cohort data of Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD STUDY), 2009. The prognostic factors for coronary artery disease were determined by CART and Logistic regression models using R and Stata 14. Then, the efficiency of the models was compared by computing the area under the performance characteristic curve (AUC). All patients with coronary artery disease were considered as the case and for each case, three controls were selected. Results: According to Logistic model, prognostic factors for coronary artery disease included age, history of myocardial infarction, diabetes, history of hyperlipidemia, and family history of heart disease (father and brother). The CART algorithm showed age, history of myocardial infarction, history of hypertension, depression, physical activity level, and body mass index as prognostic factors for coronary artery disease in people in Mashhad. Conclusion: Myocardial infarction and age were common prognostic factors for coronary artery disease according to the models applied. According to the efficiency of logistics model, binary multiple logistic regression model is suggested to be used in identifying the factors affecting coronary artery disease, if there is no interaction between the predictors. © 2021, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
The Role of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Matrix Protein in Autophagy in the Breast Cancer
No full textBackground: Breast cancer is one of the most difficult malignancies to treat. Therapeutics is used to target and kill the cancer cells. Non-human oncolytic viruses have the ability to cause cell death directly to cancers. The objective here was to investigate the role of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) Matrix (M) protein in autophagy in the breast cancer cell line. Methods: Two different VSV wild type and mutant (M51R) M protein constructs were produced. Breast cancer cell line BT-20 was transfected by either wild type or mutant vectors. Transfection efficiency was measured using a fluorescent microscopy. Expression of VSV M protein was investigated at protein level. Cell cytotoxicity was measured using an MTT assay. The autophagy pathway was studied by Beclin-1 immunoassay. Data were statistically analyzed between different transfected groups. Results: It has been shown that the VSV M protein induced higher levels of Beclin-1 than the M51R mutant in the BT-20 cell line. Increased levels of Beclin-1 were also associated with VSV M cell-induced cytotoxicity. Conclusion: It has been shown here that VSV wild type or mutant M proteins can cause autophagy-induced cell death by increasing Beclin-1 expression. This includes the possible role of VSV to be used as an oncolytic virus in breast cancer treatment. © 2021. All Rights Reserved
Evaluating the effect of prenatal interventions on maternal�foetal attachment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prenatal interventions on maternal foetal attachment. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: In this study, a comprehensive review was performed to find articles published from January 2000 - December 2019 in the form of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. To this end, online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Proquest, Ovid, CINAHL and JAMA were searched. Duplicate articles were also excluded using Endnote X7 Reference. The results were then analysed via RevMan 5.3 software. Results: The results showed that foetal movement counting did not seem to be effective in increasing MFA by itself. But, this intervention alongside other attachment behaviours such as touching the belly and talking to foetus could enhance MFA. Therefore, the best interventions to improve MFA might be combined ones implemented in the form of counselling and training sessions. © 2020 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Does the application of GaAlAs laser and platelet-rich plasma induce cell proliferation and increase alkaline phosphatase activity in human dental pulp stem cells?
No full textBlood extracts containing platelet products are gaining popularity in promoting healing and pulp regeneration. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and gallium�aluminum�arsenide (GaAlAs) laser on proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). In this ex vivo study, hDPSCs isolated from impacted mandibular third molars were cultured in Dulbecco�s Modified Eagle�s medium )DMEM(with 10 fetal bovine serum (FBS). After reaching the desired confluence, the cells were distributed into 4 groups, namely, control, PRP, laser, and PRP+laser for MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test. In the PRP and PRP+laser groups, 10 PRP was added to each well on the plate. In the laser and PRP+laser groups, as for the proliferation test, laser irradiation was carried out for 45 s, while 135 s was designated for ALP test. After 1, 3, and 5 days, cell proliferation and ALP activity were assessed using MTT and ALP colorimetric assay, respectively. Two-way ANOVA was utilized to analyze data. In PRP and PRP+laser groups, cell proliferation and viability increased until day 3 but began to decline afterwards until the 5th day. In the laser group, the increase in proliferation and viability was observed till day 5 which was less than the control group. Laser and control groups exhibited significantly higher cell viability and proliferation than both PRP and PRP+laser groups. ALP activity was more pronounced in PRP+laser, PRP, and laser in descending order; however, all were less than that of the control group. Only in the control group did the ALP activity augment during the 5-day period. Laser irradiation could induce pulp cell proliferation and demonstrated a better performance than PRP in this regard. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd. part of Springer Nature
Genetic and molecular biology of autism spectrum disorder among Middle East population: a review
No full textBackground: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease, characterized by impaired social communication, executive dysfunction, and abnormal perceptual processing. It is more frequent among males. All of these clinical manifestations are associated with atypical neural development. Various genetic and environmental risk factors are involved in the etiology of autism. Genetic assessment is essential for the early detection and intervention which can improve social communications and reduce abnormal behaviors. Although, there is a noticeable ASD incidence in Middle East countries, there is still a lack of knowledge about the genetic and molecular biology of ASD among this population to introduce efficient diagnostic and prognostic methods. Main body: In the present review, we have summarized all of the genes which have been associated with ASD progression among Middle East population. We have also categorized the reported genes based on their cell and molecular functions. Conclusions: This review clarifies the genetic and molecular biology of ASD among Middle East population and paves the way of introducing an efficient population based panel of genetic markers for the early detection and management of ASD in Middle East countries. © 2021, The Author(s)
The black crow of science and its impact: analyzing Sci-Hub use with Google Trends
No full textPurpose: In 2016, Bohannon published an article analyzing the download rate of the top ten countries using the illegal Sci-Hub website. Four years later, this study approaches the search behavior of these ten countries as they query about Sci-Hub in Google's search engine, the world's most widely used search engine. The authors also tracked the possible consequences of using Sci-Hub, such as plagiarism. Design/methodology/approach: The search terms �Sci-Hub�, �Plagiarism� and �Plagiarism Checker� were explored with Google Trends. The queries were performed globally and individually for the ten target countries, all categories and web searches. The time range was limited between 1/1/2016 (after the date of publication of Bohannon's work) and 29/03/2020. Data were extracted from Google Trends and the findings were mapped. Findings: Searching for the word Sci-Hub on Google has increased nearly eightfold worldwide in the last four years, with China, Ethiopia and Tunisia having the most searches. Sci-Hub's search trends increased for most of the T10C, with Brazil and Iran having the highest and lowest average searches, respectively. Originality/value: Access to the research literature is required to the progress of research, but it should not be obtained illegally. Given the increasing incidence of these problems in countries at any level of development, it is important to pay attention to ethics education in research and establish ethics committees. A comprehensive review of the research process is required to reduce the urge to circumvent copyright laws and includes training and educating research stakeholders in copyright literacy. To address these goals, national and international seriousness and enthusiasm are essential. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited
Cigarette Smoking Behavior a Gateway to Opium Use Disorder: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
No full textGateway hypothesis presumes that using a psychotropic drug can increase the probability of using another drug. The study was to assess whether cigarette smoking is a gateway drug for subsequent opium use. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to test and estimate the size of causal effect of cigarette smoking on opium use. The CHRNA3 rs1051730 polymorphism was used as an instrumental variable. A population-based case control study in the setting of Fasa Cohort Study was carried out using 477 cases and 531 controls based on their opium use status at the baseline of cohort study. The logistic two stage estimator method was applied. The Number of cigarettes smoked per day was associated with opium use (OR 1.17, 95 CI 1.15�1.19). In the MR analysis, rs1051730 T alleles were associated with increased risk of opium use among ever smokers (OR 5.73, 95 CI 1.72�19.07) however there found no evidence of association among never smokers. In instrumental variable analysis, showed that on average smoking every 1 more cigarette per day increases the odds of opium use by 1.17 (OR 1.17, 95CI:1.14�1.19). The MR analysis found a positive finding on the relationship between cigarette smoking and opium use which supports the gateway hypothesis. It adds new information to the gateway theory regarding the relation of cigarette smoking and drug use, and increases our understanding of the importance of tobacco control for prevention of opium addiction. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature