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Description of BTEX concentrations with wind roses in Tehran city: the study of monitoring, GIS-zoning maps and risk assessment
No full textIn the present study, the emission of BTEX compounds has been investigated in a one-year period (2016�2017) in Tehran city. According to, 26 sampling stations were selected in different parts of the city and had been sampled in four seasons of year to determine the concentration of BTEX as well as other meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity and wind speed. Spatial distribution analysis of BTEX was introduced by using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method in Arc GIS 10.3. Also, to determine the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of target compounds, Monte Carlo simulation was used. The results showed that the annual mean of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene and o-xylene were 30.08 ± 21.97, 54.17 ± 40.29, 25.81 ± 15.21, 27.83 ± 19.1 and 23.16 ± 12.28 μg/m3, respectively. According to the result, the maximum and minimum concentrations of BTEX were in the center and north of the city, respectively. Temporally, the maximum value of BTEX was 232.61 ± 123.93 µg/m3 in the autumn and the minimum value was 57.88 ± 24.93 µg/m3 in the spring. The result obtains from the inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) indicative the carcinogenic potential of benzene. Noncarcinogenic risk index, namely the hazard quotient (HQ) for all BTEX compound except benzene concentration in the autumn (1.55), were lower than 1 degree so they were not harmful to human health. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
A case report of Ring chromosome 18 with systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Crohn�s disease
No full textBackground: Ring Chromosome 18 is a rare chromosomal disorder caused by missing pieces of one or both ends of chromosome 18. The clinical phenotype of the Ring 18 syndrome depended on the rate and the locality of genetic material lost. Here, we report a 27 years old girl with symptoms including microcephaly, mental and motor retardation, hypotonia, and autoimmune diseases consist of Rheumatoid arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Crohn's disease. This research contributes to a better understanding of disease and can lead to improvement in diagnosis and treatment. Method and result: The Chromosomal analysis was performed based on the GTG banding technique on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Karyotype analysis indicated the existence of a Ring chromosome 18 with deletions at 18p11.32 and18q22-2. Following that, the parental karyotype of the affected girl confirmed that Ring 18 was caused by a de novo mistake very early in embryonic development. Conclusion: Ring chromosome 18 is a rare chromosomal disorder that is generally caused by de novo errors very early in the development of the embryo. Previously studies have reported a relationship between autoimmune diseases and Ring 18. Our patient has disclosed specific types of autoimmune diseases, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Crohn's disease. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V
Pre-clinical and clinical applications of small interfering rnas (Sirna) and co-delivery systems for pancreatic cancer therapy
No full textPancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of death and is the fourth most malignant tumor in men. The epigenetic and genetic alterations appear to be responsible for development of PC. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful genetic tool that can bind to its target and reduces expression level of a specific gene. The various critical genes involved in PC progression can be effectively targeted using diverse siRNAs. Moreover, siRNAs can enhance efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in inhibiting PC progression. However, siRNAs suffer from different off target effects and their degradation by enzymes in serum can diminish their potential in gene silencing. Loading siRNAs on nanoparticles can effectively protect them against degradation and can inhibit off target actions by facilitating targeted delivery. This leads to enhanced efficacy of siRNAs in PC therapy. Moreover, different kinds of nanoparticles such as polymeric nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles and metal nanostructures have been applied for optimal delivery of siRNAs that are discussed in this article. This review also reveals that how naked siRNAs and their delivery systems can be exploited in treatment of PC and as siRNAs are currently being applied in clinical trials, significant progress can be made by translating the current findings into the clinical settings. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Association between ABO blood groups and rhesus antigen and susceptibility to COVID-19 in the Yazd hospital
No full textBlood group antigens are one of the most important antigens in humans that have an impact on susceptibility to disease and may be used as a prognosis factor in different diseases such as COVID-19. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between ABO blood groups and Rhesus antigen and susceptibility to COVID-19. The clinical data of 398 subjects were used in the investigation collected from 148 cases vs. 250 controls. This information was obtained from Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd (IRAN) University. Blood groups and outcomes were assessed using statistical tests for four populations: COV + vs. COV� and COV +/deceased vs. COV +/live. Out of a total of 148 COVID-19 patients, 80 (54/1) were male, 68 (45/9) were female. Among these patients, 33 (22/6) had type A+, 44 (30/1) had type B+, 13 (8/9) had type AB+, and 36 (24/7) had type O+. On the other hand, out of 148 patients, 126 (86/3) had positive blood types, and 20 (13/7) had negative blood types. As a result, no significant difference was found in the relationship between ABO blood groups and RH type and susceptibility to COVID-19 (p-value = 0.392 and p-value = 0.847, respectively). Other data showed a significant difference between patients group with other parameters such as age (p-value<0.001) and gender (p-value<0.001). Although in this study there was no association between blood type and RH type with COVID-19, findings of the association between age and gender can confirm the results of previous studies. © 2021 The Author
Evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic effect on the development of somatic symptoms in patients with mood disorders: a case-control study
No full textSomatic symptoms are one of the most common complaints among patients with psychiatric disorders and are considered as one of the most common psychiatric disorders in the new coronavirus pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical symptoms in patients with mood disorders and compare it with healthy individuals. In this case-control study, 67 patients with mood disorders were referred to the psychiatric clinic of 5 Azar Hospital in Gorgan, who met the inclusion criteria, and 68 healthy individuals as control group were entered into the study. For all participants after informed consent, a demographic information questionnaire was completed along with Screening for Somatic Symptoms-7 (SOMS7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and the data were analysed by SPSS software version 25. The mean score obtained for the SOMS-7 questionnaire for the group of patients with mood disorders and the control group was 32.37 ± 8.19 and 35.42 ± 11.3, respectively. The mean obtained for the PHQ-15 questionnaire for the mood disorders group and the control group was 8.56 ± 5.93 and 5.86 ± 4.63, respectively. In the mood disorder group, 26.9 of patients had no risk for physical symptoms, 31.3 of patients had a low risk, 25.4 of patients had a moderate risk, and 16.4 of patients had a high risk for physical symptoms. The statistical test showed that although the risk of physical symptoms was high in both groups, this rate was higher in the group with mood disorders, and there is a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The results also showed a significant and direct relationship between the two questionnaires (P < 0.05). According to the results, although the prevalence of somatic symptoms increased in both groups, the prevalence of somatic symptoms is significantly higher in the mood disorder group. © 202
Carvacrol as a Potential Neuroprotective Agent for Neurological Diseases: A Systematic Review Article
No full textBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Neurological diseases are becoming a significant problem worldwide, with the elderly at a higher risk of being affected. Several researchers have investigated the neuroprotective effects of Carvacrol (CAR) (5-isopropyl-2-methyl phenol). This review systematically surveys the existing literature on the impact of CAR when used as a neuroprotective agent in neurological diseases. METHODS: The systematic review involved English articles published in the last ten years obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The following descriptors were used to search the literature: "Carvacrol" Title AND "neuroprotective (neuroprotection)" Title OR "stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, seizure, epilepsy Title. RESULTS: A total of 208 articles were retrieved during the search process, but only 20 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included for review. A total of 20 articles were identified, in which the efficacy of CAR was described in experimental models of stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and seizure, through motor deficits improvements in neurochemical activity, especially antioxidant systems, reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as inhibition of TRPC1 and TRPM7. CONCLUSION: The data presented in this study support the beneficial impact of CAR on behavioural and neurochemical deficits. CAR benefits accrue because of its anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti- inflammatory properties. Therefore, CAR has emerged as an alternative treatment for neurological disorders based on its properties. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected]
Correction to: Fluorescence detection of laccases activity by the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process (JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, (2020), 25, 1, (151-159), 10.1007/s00775-019-01748-0)
No full textIn the original article published, the affiliation of the author Elahe Ahmadi is incorrect. The correct affiliation is �Department of Chemistry, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran�. © 2020, Society for Biological Inorganic Chemistry (SBIC)
Decreased carO gene expression and OXA-type carbapenemases among extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from burn patients in Tehran, Iran
No full textA major challenge in the treatment of infections has been the rise of extensively drug resistance (XDR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) in Acinetobacter baumannii. The goals of this study were to determine the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility, blaOXA and carO genes among burn-isolated A. baumannii strains. In this study, 100 A. baumannii strains were isolated from burn patients and their susceptibilities to different antibiotics were determined using disc diffusion testing and broth microdilution. Presence of carO gene and OXA-type carbapenemase genes was tested by PCR and sequencing. SDS-PAGE was done to survey CarO porin and the expression level of carO gene was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. A high rate of resistance to meropenem (98), imipenem (98) and doripenem (98) was detected. All tested A. baumannii strains were susceptible to colistin. The results indicated that 84.9 were XDR and 97.9 of strains were MDR. In addition, all strains bore blaOXA-51 like and blaOXA-23 like and carO genes. Nonetheless, blaOXA-58 like and blaOXA-24 like genes were harbored by 0 percent and 76 percent of strains, respectively. The relative expression levels of the carO gene ranged from 0.06 to 35.01 fold lower than that of carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii ATCC19606 and SDS - PAGE analysis of the outer membrane protein showed that all 100 isolates produced CarO. The results of current study revealed prevalence of blaOXA genes and changes in carO gene expression in carbapenem resistant A.baumannii. © 2021 Akademiai Kiado, Budapes
Organochlorine pesticides removal from groundwater by citrus coal and uv/o3: A hybrid pilot-scale study
No full textIn this laboratory-scale study, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) reduction using citrus coals and O3 assisted by solar UV as an integrated treatment of groundwater under visible UV to reach sustainable development were traced. The experimental parameters were set up throughout standard methods and analysis protocols. The best performance of citrus coal was observed at a reaction time of 90 min, pH: 6.5, adsorption bed height = 40 cm, initial OCPs concentration, respectively, as 100 µg/L for alachlor (ALC), α (±)-BHC, atrazine (ATZ), and α-chlordane, 150 µg/L for methoxychlor, 50 µg/L for heptachlor, and 90 µg/L for dieldrin. The best performance of citrus coal was observed at a reaction time of 90 min, pH: 6.5, adsorption bed height 40 cm, initial OCPs concentration of 100 µg/L for ALC, α (±)-BHC, ATZ, and α-chlordane, 150 µg/L for methoxychlor, 50 µg/L for heptachlor, and 90 µg/L for dieldrin. Under the above-mentioned operating conditions, the removal rates were estimated at more than 75 for all these compounds. The adsorption outputs were fitted to the Freundlich model with the average R2 > 0.97, while for the Langmuir model this value was >0.86. Thereby, it is concluded that OCPs adsorption occurs on a heterogeneous surface by multilayer sorption. With regard to Kf (1/n) parameter, for the Freundlich adsorption model, the order of OCPs adsorption was appeared to be methoxychlor > dieldrin > heptachlor > α-chlordane > ALC > α (±)-BHC > ATZ. The optimum variables for UV/O3 were obtained as 0.4 mg/L ozone, pH = 9, and 35 min reaction time, so that, more than 98 of these substances were degraded from the solution under this condition. The reaction kinetics were fitted with R2 value of more than 0.9 for most OCPs. The kinetic reaction constants (k) in pH values of 7 and 9.5 were higher than other ranges for all OCPs. The progress of pH at the alkaline area improved the pseudo-first-order constants. The kinetic model indicated that the reaction rates will be restricted by the initial pH value and the concentration of OH�. This evidence was well-established by monitoring dissolved O2 at the various pH ranges during the experiment runs. Eight intermediates were detected by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection with chemical formula as C14 H20 ClNO3, C13 H16 ClNO3, C14 H18 ClNO4, �NHCH(CH3 )2, �NHCOCH3, �NH2, C13 H9 ClO, and C7 H5 ClO from the samples taken in the non-optimized UV/O3 effluent. However, all of them disappeared in the final effluent at the optimized condition. Altogether, this integrated strategy helped to remove OCPs more than 86 on average, with residues less than 1 µg/L and even 0.05 µg/L in some cases. Due to the generation of a large amount of citrus wastes (46,000 ton/y) in the north of Iran and the abundance of solar energy especially solar UV in the middle east, this hybrid approach to treat groundwater contaminated with agricultural OCPs as a type of EDCs can be an effective alternative for conventional and current removal strategies to provide safety and treat groundwater by this agricultural compound. © 2021 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved