Golestan University of Medical Sciences
Golestan University of Medical Sciences RepositoryNot a member yet
3346 research outputs found
Sort by
Diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with persistent allergic asthma using three different diagnostic algorithms
No full textBackground: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) has been reported in various degrees among patients with persistent allergic asthma (PAA). Currently, there is no gold standard approach for diagnosis of ABPA. Objectives: In the current study, we aimed the evaluation of three different mainly used algorithms as Rosenberg & Patterson (A), ISHAM Working Group (B) and Greenberger (C) for diagnosis of ABPA in 200 patients with underlying PAA. Methods: All patients were evaluated using Aspergillus skin prick test (SPTAf), Aspergillus-specific IgE (sIgEAf) and IgG (sIgGAf), total IgE (tIgE), pulmonary function tests, radiological findings and peripheral blood eosinophil count. The prevalence rate of ABPA in PAA patients was estimated by three diagnostic criteria. We used Latent Class Analysis for the evaluation of different diagnostic parameters in different applied ABPA diagnostic algorithms. Results: Aspergillus sensitisation was observed in 30 (15.0) patients. According to algorithms A, B and C, nine (4.5), six (3.0) and 11 (5.5) of patients were diagnosed with ABPA, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of criteria B and C were (55.6 and 99.5) and (100.0 and 98.9) respectively. sIgEAf and sIgGAf showed the high significant sensitivity. The performance of algorithm A, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, was somewhat better than algorithm B. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the sensitivity of different diagnostic algorithms could change the prevalence rate of ABPA. We also found that all of three criteria resulted an adequate specificity for ABPA diagnosis. A consensus patterns combining elements of all three criteria may warrant a better diagnostic algorithm. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Gmb
Evaluation of Pneumonia due to Mechanical Ventilation and its Association with the Severity of Disease in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit Procena pneumonije usled mehani�ke ventilacije i njena veza sa težinom bolesti kod bolesnika primljenih na jedinicu intenzivne nege
No full textAmong the hospital-acquired infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) has the highest mortality and morbidity rates. The aim of this study was to identify VAP in the intensive care unit (ICU) and its association with the severity of the disease. This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in Golestan University of Medical Sciences (Northern Iran). In the present study, 239 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation hospitalized in ICU were selected through non-random sampling. Data were recorded by using APACHE II criteria and diagnosis of VAP was made based on clinical criterion and physician confirmation. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and single-variable logistic test. The incidence of VAP was 19.2 and it was significantly related to mean arterial pressure (P = 0.035) and male sex (P = 0.122). There was a significant and direct correlation between the incidence of VAP and the increase in the value of gastric residual volume > 200 ml (P = 0.001). The findings of this study showed that male sex, increased arterial pressure, and gastric residual volume were the risk factors for the development of of VAP. © 2021 Sciendo. All rights reserved
Gastrointestinal Manifestations of the COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with 111 studies
No full textIntroduction: Since the start of a pandemic from Wuhan, China in 2019, there is tremendous attention on the COVID-19 manifestation. One of the most important COVID-19 clinical presentations is gastrointestinal symptoms. The current systematic review study aims to focus on the implication of the gastrointestinal tract in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We searched literature in MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase to find related article by using the following keywords "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2 infection", "Gastrointestinal Tract", "digestive system". The heterogeneity of included studies was quantified with the I2 statistic. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and a meta-regression method was utilized to investigate the factors affecting heterogeneity between studies. Results: Of 3028 retrieved documents, 111 studies with 21126 COVID-19 cases were included. The prevalence of any Gastrointestinal symptoms was 17.22 (14.48 to 20.13). The prevalence of diarrhea was 13.75 (12.07 to 15.44), anorexia 27.41 (21.53 to 33.29) and Nausea/vomiting 8.11 (6.87 to 9.35). Furthermore, the prevalence of other symptoms in current study was fever 76.70 (73.42 to 79.83), cough 58.07 (54.59 to 61.52) and dyspnea/shortness of breath 24.63 (20.06 to 29.48). According to meta-regression results, age (p: 0.027) and fever (p<0.001) had significant effect on prevalence of any Gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion: The anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are the most common Gastrointestinal presentations. Copyright © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences
An Investigation on the One-year Rate of Arteriovenous Fistula Failure and Its Related Factors in Patients with End-stage Renal Disease; an Experience in Golestan Province of Iran
No full textBackground: Aortic arch calcification (AAC) is very common in hemodialysis patients and is associated with cardiovascular events and the incidence of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. In order to predict the prognosis of patients, a study was conducted to determine the annual failure rate of AVF and its related factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 145 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were AVF candidates, visiting a referral center in Golestan province of Iran. After the insertion of intravenous arterial fistulas, posterior-anterior chest x-rays were captured, and the grafts were classified by a radiologist. Patients were followed for one year, and the rates of fistula failure (FF) and cardiovascular mortality were recorded. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS 19 software and analyzed by the Chi-square test. Results: Of 112 patients followed up for one year, 56.2 were men. During the one-year follow-up period, 5.3 of the patients developed arteriovenous FF, and this event was more common in men, but the difference was not statistically significant. The majority of the AVF candidates had a history of diabetes and hypertension, but no association was found between the one-year FF rate and these two diseases. Nearly 7.7 of the patients had grade III calcification, but no significant relationship was observed between the AAC grade and AVF failure rate. Conclusions: The rate of one-year FF was higher among ESRD patients with a history of chronic kidney diseases. Our results also demonstrated that the mortality rate is higher in patients with a high degree of AAC and patients with medical history (cardiovas-cular disease and diabetes). © 2021, Author(s)
Optimisation of COD removal from the olive oil mill wastewater by combined electrocoagulation and peroxone process: modelling and determination of kinetic coefficients
No full textThe olive oil extraction industry is one of the most extensive industries, especially in the Mediterranean region. The wastewater produced in this industry contains high concentrations of organic pollutants, resistant and toxic compounds that, if not treated, can threaten the health of the environment. In the present study, the optimisation of the combined process of electrocoagulation and peroxone using central composite design of the response surface methodology with the help of Design-Expert V.11 The parameters of current density (0.06�0.73 A dm�2) and reaction time (5�45 min) in the process of electrocoagulation and the parameters of hydrogen peroxide concentration (4�12 ml) and reaction time (10�90 minutes) in the peroxone process were investigated on the COD removal efficiency. The design results showed that the quadratic model was significant for both processes and was determined as the selected model. The optimal conditions determined by the software in the process of electrocoagulation were 0.5 A dm�2 and 34 minutes and in the peroxone process, concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the time were obtained 12 ml and 62 minutes, respectively. In these conditions, the COD removal efficiency of the processes was determined 79.8 and 52.8, respectively. Under optimal conditions, in peroxone process ozone consumption was reduced to 0.88 mg per mg of removed COD. Also, according to the results of Pseudo-first-order kinetics, constant rate increases with increasing of hydrogen peroxide concentration. The results obtained in this study were confirmed the application of electrocoagulation process along with advanced oxidation of proxone for effective treatment of effluents of this industry and similar industries. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Antimicrobials and food-related stresses as selective factors for antibiotic resistance along the farm to fork continuum
No full textAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem and there has been growing concern associated with its widespread along the animal�human�environment interface. The farm-to-fork continuum was highlighted as a possible reservoir of AMR, and a hotspot for the emergence and spread of AMR. However, the extent of the role of non-antibiotic antimicrobials and other food-related stresses as selective factors is still in need of clarification. This review addresses the use of non-antibiotic stressors, such as antimicrobials, food-processing treatments, or even novel approaches to ensure food safety, as potential drivers for resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. The co-selection and cross-adaptation events are covered, which may induce a decreased susceptibility of foodborne bacteria to antibiotics. Although the available studies address the complexity involved in these phenomena, further studies are needed to help better understand the real risk of using food-chain-related stressors, and possibly to allow the establishment of early warnings of potential resistance mechanisms. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Unraveling the genetic complexities of combined retinal dystrophy and hearing impairment
No full textUsher syndrome, the most prevalent cause of combined hereditary vision and hearing impairment, is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Moreover, several conditions with phenotypes overlapping Usher syndrome have been described. This makes the molecular diagnosis of hereditary deaf�blindness challenging. Here, we performed exome sequencing and analysis on 7 Mexican and 52 Iranian probands with combined retinal degeneration and hearing impairment (without intellectual disability). Clinical assessment involved ophthalmological examination and hearing loss questionnaire. Usher syndrome, most frequently due to biallelic variants in MYO7A (USH1B in 16 probands), USH2A (17 probands), and ADGRV1 (USH2C in 7 probands), was diagnosed in 44 of 59 (75) unrelated probands. Almost half of the identified variants were novel. Nine of 59 (15) probands displayed other genetic entities with dual sensory impairment, including Alström syndrome (3 patients), cone-rod dystrophy and hearing loss 1 (2 probands), and Heimler syndrome (1 patient). Unexpected findings included one proband each with Scheie syndrome, coenzyme Q10 deficiency, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum. In four probands, including three Usher cases, dual sensory impairment was either modified/aggravated or caused by variants in distinct genes associated with retinal degeneration and/or hearing loss. The overall diagnostic yield of whole exome analysis in our deaf�blind cohort was 92. Two (3) probands were partially solved and only 3 (5) remained without any molecular diagnosis. In many cases, the molecular diagnosis is important to guide genetic counseling, to support prognostic outcomes and decisions with currently available and evolving treatment modalities. © 2021, The Author(s)
Role of oxytocin and c-Myc pathway in cardiac remodeling in neonatal rats undergoing cardiac apical resection
No full textOxytocin (OT) is a nonapeptide hormone that can improve cardiomyocyte proliferation, suggesting a potential heart regeneration function. Here, we investigated the role of oxytocin and the c-Myc pathway in cardiac remodeling in neonatal rats undergoing cardiac apical resection. We have utilized a knockout of oxytocin receptor (OTR) with OTR-shRNA. A neonatal rat model of cardiac resection (�10�15) was first established. The protein levels of OTR and c-Myc and the expression of cyclin d1 and c-Myc genes were then evaluated in the cardiac tissues at 1, 7, and 21 days after cardiac resection. We also analyzed the proliferation of cardiomyocytes through α-actinin, BrdU, and ki-67 markers. At last, the hemodynamic and electrophysiologic functions were evaluated eight weeks after cardiac resection. At 21 days, the regeneration of cardiomyocytes was repaired among rats in the control and resection groups, while OTR-shRNA groups were failed to improve. Inhibition of OTR failed cardiac regeneration and reduced the number of proliferating cardiomyocytes. The c-Myc protein was significantly reduced in the OTR-shRNA injection hearts. Moreover, we have severely found a depressed heart function in the OTR-shRNA injection animals. These observations revealed that the OT must improve cardiac remodeling in neonatal rat hearts by regulating the c-Myc pathway. © 2021 Elsevier B.V
MiR-613 Promotes Cell Death in Breast Cancer Cells by Downregulation of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase and Reduction of NAD
No full textNAD is mainly biosynthesized by the enzymatic action of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) through the salvage pathway. NAD is indispensable for the proper function and metabolism of all living cells, including cancer cells. Our previous researches revealed that inhibition of NAMPT by miRNA (miR) could suppress NAD levels and thereby hinder the growth and promotion of breast cancer (BC). Therefore, the current study was undertaken to investigate the inhibitory effects of miR-613 on NAMPT and BC cells' survival. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay confirmed that NAMPT 3�-untranslated region is a direct target for miR-613. The expression of miR-613 was noticed to be significantly decreased in both clinical tissue samples and BC cells by real-time PCR. Following transfection with miR-613 mimic, the expression of miR-613 was elevated in the BC cells leading to inhibition of NAMPT expression at both mRNA and protein level as measured by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Inhibition of NAMPT led to a remarkable reduction in the concentration of NAD in the BC cells. The transfection also declined cell viability roughly 40 in MD Anderson-Metastatic Breast-231 (MDA-MB-231) cells. Consistently, the apoptosis rate was remarkably increased, around 65 in these cells as assayed by labeling the cells with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and Propidium Iodide. Targeting the NAMPT-mediated NAD salvage pathway by miR-613 is a novel approach for managing BC, which is worth further investigation. © 2021, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2021