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Transcriptome alterations of radish shoots exposed to cadmium can be interpreted in the context of leaf senescence
No full textTill now few transcriptome studies have described shoot responses of heavy metal (HM)-sensitive plants to excess Cd and still a unifying model of Cd action is lacking. Using RNA-seq technique, the transcriptome responses of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves to Cd stress were investigated in plants raised hydroponically under control and 5.0 mg L�1 Cd. The element was mainly accumulated in roots and led to declined biomass and photosynthetic pigments, increased H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, and the accumulation of sugars, protein thiols, and phytochelatins. Out of 524 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 244 and 280 upregulated and downregulated ones were assigned to 82 and 115 GO terms, respectively. The upregulated DEGs were involved in osmotic regulation, protein metabolism, chelators, and carbohydrate metabolisms, whereas downregulated DEGs were related to photosynthesis, response to oxidative stress, glucosinolate, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Our transcriptome data suggest that Cd triggers ROS production and photosynthesis decline associated with increased proteolysis through ubiquitin�proteasome system (UPS)- and chloroplast-proteases and in this way brings about re-mobilization of N and C stores into amino acids and sugars. Meanwhile, declined glucosinolate metabolism in favor of chelator synthesis and upregulation of dehydrins as inferred from transcriptome analysis confers shoots some tolerance to the HM-derived ionic/osmotic imbalances. Thus, the induction of leaf senescence might be a major long-term response of HM-sensitive plants to Cd toxicity. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature
The youngest surviving COVID-19 patient: A case report
No full textIntroduction and importance: Vertical transmission of the novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has not yet been proven. However, several case reports and case series worldwide, including ours, support this certain type of transmission. Although COVID-19 has been mostly treated supportively, in some cases, including ours, medical treatment seems to be essential. Case presentation: Herein, we present a case of a neonate born to an asymptomatic mother with no known history of COVID-19 during pregnancy who was diagnosed as an asymptomatic silent carrier following the confirmation of COVID-19 in her newborn. Although bacterial pneumonia, early-onset sepsis, and meconium aspiration syndrome were the possible differential diagnosis, positive COVID-19 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed the diagnosis. Due to the neonate's critical lung involvement leading to a critical condition, remdesivir, intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) and corticosteroid were administered. The patient fully recovered and was discharged after around 20 days. Clinical discussion: Although treatment in most cases of neonatal COVID-19 has been mainly supportive, in a few case reports remdesivir, corticosteroids and IVIG have been successfully used. Since a satisfying clinical improvement was not noticed following sepsis workup, all the three aforementioned medications were administered. Conclusion: Immunomodulatory medications as well as antiviral therapy should be considered in severe neonatal COVID-19 cases, as were shown to be lifesaving in our patient. Interestingly, to date, this case seems to be the youngest survived patient who has received medicines other than supportive care. © 2022 The Author
A Report on Drug Resistance Patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Northern Iran
No full textBACKGROUND: There are limited data on the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) drug resistance in regions located at the proximity of the Caspian Sea. We aimed to assess the drug resistance patterns of the MTB isolates to anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients from four northern provinces of Iran between April 2013 and March 2019. METHODS: Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed by culturing MTB isolates on the Lowenstein-Jensen medium using the proportion method. RESULTS: Out of 963 MTB isolates, 927 (96.3) were recovered from Iranian cases and 36 (3.7) were from Afghan immigrants. Based on DST, 59 (6.1) showed any drug resistance pattern, while 18 patients (1.9) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR). Resistance to streptomycin (STR), isoniazid (INZ), rifampicin (RIN), and ethambutol (ETL) was reported in 33 (3.4), 28 (2.9), 18 (1.9), and 12 isolates (1.2), respectively. CONCLUSION: The rate of MDR/RR in four northern provinces of Iran was in line with previous reports from the World Health Organization. Due to proximity to the former Soviet Union, which had a high rate of MDR/RR isolates, the establishment of cross-border tuberculosis (TB) control strategies is recommended to reduce the possibility of MDR-TB transmission. Moreover, DST for all TB cases is recommended as an effective diagnostic tool for optimal monitoring and control of drug resistance in these areas. Future studies with a molecular epidemiology approach will be needed to evaluate the transmission dynamics of MTB in these regions. 2022 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Effect of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) syrup on olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 infection: A pilot controlled clinical trial
No full textObjective: The effect of lavender syrup on COVID-19-induced olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been assessed in this study. Materials and Methods: This pilot clinical trial was conducted in Gonbad-E-Kavoos (Golestan province, Iran). Twenty-three outpatients with COVID-19 and OD in lavender group took 9 ml of lavender syrup/bid for 3 weeks along with the standard COVID-19 treatments and 20 patients in control group took only standard COVID-19 treatments. The severity of OD was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Data analysis was performed by Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests using SPSS software. Results: The mean± standard deviation of age was 36.6±9.1, and 42.6±10.4 years (p=0.05), and the duration of symptoms was 7.4±3.5, and 7.5±3.4 days (p=0.98) in the lavender and control group, respectively. The VAS score for OD decreased from 6.8±3.04 to 0.26±0.86 in the lavender group and from 5.3±3.4 to 1±2.61 in the control group. Although, VAS for OD was significantly decreased in both groups (p<0.001), the amount of VAS decrease was 6.6±2.9 scores in the lavender group, and 4.3±4 in the control group (p=0.03). No side effects were observed in the lavender group. Conclusion: The present study showed that lavender syrup is an effective treatment for COVID-19-induced OD. It is suggested to conduct further studies with larger sample size. © 2022 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Molecular docking and density functional theory simulation: Improved anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of celecoxib using zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoclustersImproved anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of celecoxib loaded zinc oxide-magnesium oxide nanoclusters: A molecular docking and density functional theory simulation.
No full textPresent study offers great prospects for the adsorption of anti-inflammatory celecoxib molecule (CXB) over the surface of zinc oxide (Zn12O12) and magnesium oxide (Mg12O12) nanoclusters in several environments by performing robust theoretical calculations. Density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and molecular docking calculations have been extensively carried out to predict the foremost optimum site of CXB adsorption. It has been observed that the CXB molecule prefers to be adsorbed by its SO2 site on the Zn-O and Mg-O bonds of the Zn12O12 and Mg12O12 nanoclusters instead of NH2 and NH sites, where electrostatic interactions dominate over the bonding characteristics of the conjugate complexes. Furthermore, the presence of interactions between the CXB molecule and nanoclusters has also been evidenced by the UV�Vis absorption spectra and IR spectra. Molecular docking analysis has revealed that both adsorption states including CXB/Zn12O12 and CXB/Mg12O12 have good inhibitory potential against protein tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Hence they might be explored as efficient TNF-α, IL-1, and HER2 inhibitors. Hence from the study, it can be anticipated that these nanoclusters can behave as an appropriate biomedical carrier for the CXB drug delivery. © 2021 The Author(s
Comparison of Serum Immunoglobulin Levels and Lymphocyte Counts in Children with Lymphadenitis Following BCG Vaccination
No full textBackground: Lymphadenitis is the most common complication following BCG vaccination observed in 0.1 to 1 of children. Objectives: The presence of immunodeficiency can increase the probability of lymphadenitis or contribute to its exacerbation, so the early detection of immunodeficiency in those developing lymphadenitis can help prevent its many catastrophic complications. Methods: This study was performed on patients referred to Taleghani Hospital of Gorgan city in 1396. Forty children with lym-phadenitis and 40 healthy children entered the study. Serum samples were taken to measure white blood cell counts and the anti-bodies, including IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgA. Purified protein derivative (PPD) test was done in both groups. Results: In this study, there were 40 patients with lymphadenitis, of whom 24 were boys (60), and 16 were girls (40), and in the control group were 22 boys (55) and 18 girls (45). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Lymphadenitis was ipsilateral to the vaccine injection site in all 40 cases, and it was in the anterior axillary region in 82. Abscess at the lymphadenitis site occurred in 25 of cases. The mean size of induration following PPD in the lymphadenitis group was larger than the control group (5.86 mm and 3.04 mm, respectively) (P = 0.004). There were five patients (12.5) under one year of age with lymphopenia (lymphocyte count >3,000), but no lymphopenia was observed in the control group. The mean average IgA and IgM levels were different between the case and control groups (P = 0.001), (P = 0.016), respectively. There was no statistical difference in IgG and IgE levels between both groups (P = 0.92 and P = 0.762, respectively). Conclusions: This study shows that the size of indurations following PPD injection is higher in those with post-vaccination lym-phadenitis. Although the probability of a primary immunodeficiency disorder in the cases of our study was low considering the normal immunoglobulin levels and CBC report, further studies with a larger sample size and more specific investigations, such as flow cytometry and specific antibody response, are needed. © 2022, Author(s)
The antifibrotic effects of naringin in a hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-induced mouse model of skin fibrosis
No full textObjectives: Fibrosis is a chronic inflammation caused by the loss of innate compensational mechanisms. Naringin (NR) is a flavonoid with antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we aimed to investigate the antifibrotic effects of NR and underlying mechanisms in a Hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-induced mouse model of skin fibrosis. Materials and methods: A total of 24 six-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly allocated into five groups: HOCl, Sham, PBS, HOCl + NR and DMSO and selected skin regions were treated for 6 weeks, until sacrifice. The histopathologic and collagenesis of skin resections were analyzed using H&E and PR staining. The mRNA levels of COL1, COL3 and αSMA genes were quantified. Serum samples were also used to evaluate TGF-β levels and LDH activity. Results: HOCl could increase the relative collagen content, while NR administration on HOCl-treated biopsies decreased collagenesis. COL1, COL3 and αSMA mRNA levels were significantly increased among HOCl-treated skin samples, while NR treatment could decrease these mRNA levels of genes to the extent equal to the levels in the Sham group. Similarly, Naringin-treated samples could decrease TGF-β levels. Conclusions: We demonstrated that Naringin could exert protective effects against fibrotic complications of HOCL in skin tissue in vivo, by reducing the collagenesis and decreasing the levels of fibrosis-associated genes. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Prevalence of Molar-incisor hypomineralization in Iranian children � A systematic review and narrative synthesis
No full textIntroduction: Molar-incisor hypomineralization is a developmental defect of enamel with clinical features vary from demarcated opacities to severe tissue breakdown which calls for considerable preventive and interceptive measures. The aim of this article was to systematically review the literature on the prevalence of MIH in Iran and highlight the condition in Iranian children. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of literature was conducted in Scopus, Pubmed, Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, and Google-Scholar as well as national Iranian database and digital archives of dental schools from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2021 for published and unpublished studies. Data from cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies on prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization among 6�13-year-old children was gathered, using the following MeSH terms and keywords and their Persian equivalents: Prevalence, Hypomineralisation, Hypomineralization, MIH, �molar incisor�, �molar-incisor�, �cheese molars�, �Hypomineralised first permanent molars�, �Hypomineralized first permanent molars�, �developmental defects of enamel�, �enamel developmental defects�, Iran*. Methodological quality and the risk of bias of quantitative studies was assessed using a modified version of Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Due to the considerable clinical and statistical heterogeneity of the included studies, pooling of data through meta-analysis was not possible. Therefore, a descriptive synthesis of data was performed. Results: Fifteen cross-sectional studies with a total number of 12011 participants were included in the systematic review. The prevalence of MIH ranged from 5.1 to 25.6. All of the included studies were at a moderate risk of bias (NOS of 4-6). The lowest prevalence of MIH was reported in Kerman (5.14) and the highest in Tehran (25.6). Substantial methodological, clinical and statistical heterogeneity was observed. Conclusion: This is the first study to systematically review the available literature on MIH prevalence in Iran. However, the present review has some limitations such as limited number of included studies, large heterogeneity of the research, and moderate quality of included studies. Further high-quality research is warranted. © 2022, The Author(s)
Circular RNAs in neuroblastoma: Pathogenesis, potential biomarker, and therapeutic target
No full textNeuroblastoma (NB) is a common cancer in childhood responsible for 15 of fatalities by pediatric cancers. Epigenetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of NB. Recently, it has been demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs, ciRNAs), a newly identified class of non-coding RNAs, are also dysregulated in NB. CircRNAs mediate their functions by regulating gene expression mainly through microRNA (miRNA) sponging. The dysregulation (abnormal upregulation or downregulation) of circRNAs is involved in tumorigenesis of a variety of tumors including NB. It seems that the expression of some circRNAs is correlated with NB prognosis and clinical features. CircRNAs might be favorable as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. However, due to the lack of studies, it is difficult to make a conclusion regarding the clinical benefits of circRNAs. In this review, we discussed the circRNAs that experimentally have been proved to be dysregulated in NB tissues and cancer cells. © 2022 Elsevier Gmb
The survival rate of liver transplantation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textLiver transplantation is a life-saving treatment for children who are in liver failure. The survival rate index is used to assess the success rate of liver transplantation. The study aimed to assess the survival rate of liver transplantation in children. We searched 5 international databases in this study, including Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar, for published articles by the end of 2020. Also, meta-regression analysis was performed based on the year of the study, and subgroup analysis was performed according to continents. A total of 425 titles were reviewed. Based on the results, 96 articles were entered in the meta-analysis. Established on the random-effect model, the survival rates of 1, 3, 5, and 10 years of transplantation were 86.62, 77.74, 73.95, and 68.60, respectively. Also, based on the meta-regression results, there was a relationship between the year of the study and the survival rate, as the study year gets more recent, the survival rate is increased. This study can provide documented and comprehensive evidence which can be the basis of many policies and decisions in various sectors of health development, including evaluating treatment options and health interventions in transplantation. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature