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Taurine can decrease phosphorylated tau protein levels in alzheimer�s model rats� brains
No full textBackground Microtubule formation is a dynamic process and Tau proteins promote the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules. Hyperphosphorylation of some amino acids in tau proteins causes neuron starvation and finally cell death. Taurine is found in the brain and has neuroprotective effects. Objective Since the protective and therapeutic effects of Taurine on phosphorylated tau proteins level in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex of rats induced by scopolamine have not been studied, we examined these effects. Method Adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into nine groups. For two weeks, Taurine-treated rats received different doses of Taurine (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/ day) before or after scopolamine injection. The phosphorylated tau protein level in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Result Pretreatment with three doses of Taurine significantly decreased the phosphorylated tau protein level that increased by scopolamine in the prefrontal cortex (p < 0.001), as well as the cerebellum (p < 0.001). Moreover, high-dose administration of Taurine (100 mg/kg/day) after scopolamine injection significantly decreased phosphorylated tau protein level in the cerebellum (p < 0.01), as well as the prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05). However, there was not any significant change in the level of phosphorylated tau protein after Taurine treatment (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) in the cerebellum and prefrontal cortex. Conclusion It can be concluded that Taurine could attenuate the increase in phosphorylated tau protein induced by scopolamine in the brain of rats and usage of Taurine as a pretreatment complement could be more useful in the protection of neurons. © 2021, Kathmandu University. All rights reserved
The patency rate of the primary and exchanged femoral haemodialysis catheters
No full textBackground: This prospective cohort study aims to evaluate the primary and exchanged femoral catheter patency rates, as well as mortality rates and determine the probable risk factors affecting femoral catheter survival. Methods: All 79 tunneled femoral catheters created in our hospital from 2017 to 2020 were included in this study. Patients having no other means for dialysis access other than the femoral catheter was recruited in this study. Data collected included patient age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes and hypertension), transplant history, dialysis duration, catheter complications, femoral access history, and primary and exchanged femoral patency rates. Patients were followed for 4�36 months. Results: The median catheter primary patency was 7 months (95 confidence interval CI: 5.77, 8.22) and the primary patency rates at 2, 4 and 6 months were 79%, 68% and 48%, respectively. The median exchanged catheter survival was 8 months (95% CI: 0.83, 15.17) and the exchanged patency rates at 1, 3 and 8 months were 72%, 64% and 32%, respectively. Of the patients (n = 62), 8% (5 patients) died because they had no other option for dialysis access. Conclusion: Tunneled femoral catheters have a low patency rate and should be the last option for haemodialysis patients when other probable accesses are not available. © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2021
People�s attitudes towards the use of quarantine in the Covid-19 pandemic in Iran: Validity and reliability study
No full textBackground: The purpose of this study was first to translate (into Persian) and evaluate the psychometric properties of the attitudes towards the use of quarantine questionnaires (PAQ). Methods: This methodological study was conducted on 1000 adults� participants in Iran, using convenience sampling. Based on permission from the developer of the scale, it was back-translated. Content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were tested. Reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated with test�retest and internal consistency. Results: The adequacy of the sample was acceptable because of the results of the Kaiser�Meyer�Olkin test (0.788), and Bartlett�s test of sphericity revealed statistically significant results (P <.001). Exploratory factor analysis showed the 4-factor structure of the instrument. The reliability of the scale was 0.77 based on internal consistency. Also, the intra-class reliability of the scale was 0.9. The attitude of the maximum number of respondents towards quarantine is positive and they support a quarantine in the pandemic of COVID-19 in Iran. Conclusions: Current study showed that the Persian version of attitudes towards the use of quarantine (PAQ) in the Iranian population including 17 items could be used as a valid and reliable instrument. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Lt
Involvement of the acrab efflux pump in ciprofloxacin resistance in clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolates
No full textBackground: Increasing prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneu-moniae strains confines the therapeutic options used to treat bacterial infections. Objective: We aimed in this study to investigate the role of AcrAB and qepA efflux pumps and AAC(6�)-Ib-cr enzyme in ciprofloxacin resistance and to detect the RAPD-PCR fingerprint of K. pneumoniae isolates. Methods: A total of, 117 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from hospitalized patients in three hospitals in Tehran, Iran, from August 2013 to March 2014. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by the disk diffusion method. Molecular identification and expression level of encoding quinolone resistance genes, acrA, acrB, qepA, and aac(6')-Ib-cr, were performed by PCR and real--time PCR assays, respectively. All the K. pneumoniae isolates containing the mentioned genes were used simultaneously for RAPD-PCR typing. Results: Colistin and carbapenems were the most efficient antibiotics against the clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. PCR assay demonstrated that among the 117 isolates, 110 (94) and 102 (87) were positive for acrA and acrB gene and 5 (4) and 100 (85) isolates showed to have qepA and aac(6�)-Ib-cr genes, respectively. Determination for AcrAB pump expression in 21 of strains demonstrated an increased expression, and the mean increase expression for acrB genes was 0.5-81. The results of RAPD-PCR reflected that in 95 CI, all isolates belonged to a clone. Conclusion: A high prevalence of genes encoding quinolone resistance in K. pneumoniae was de-tected in clinical samples. Therefore, the control of infection and prevention of drug-resistant bacteria spread need careful management of medication and identification of resistant isolates. © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers
Genomic pattern analysis of burkholderia mallei field isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (Pfge) discriminatory typing
No full textBackground and Objectives: Glanders is a serious zoonotic disease caused by Burkholderia mallei. Prevention, control, and treatment strategies of glanders are prerequisites for microbial source tracking. The present study was aimed to analyze the genomic pattern of B. mallei Iranian field isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. Materials and Methods: B. mallei isolates were aerobically cultured in nutrient broth/agar supplemented with glycerol 4 for 48 h at 37°C. API 20NE identification system was used for the biochemical characterization. Genomic DNA of bacterial isolates was extracted using OIE-recommended protocol. Molecular identification of bacterial isolates was done based on amplification of BimA and IS407-flip genes. PFGE was applied to prepare the genomic pattern of B. mallei isolates. The guinea pig was used as a suitable model for studying the histopathological characterization of B. mallei. Results: In both enzymatic digestion patterns by using Af1II and VspI, we found three different clonal types; �) PFGE type of B. mallei Razi 325 strain, ��) PFGE type of Tiger, Kordan, and Oshnavieh strains, and ���) PFGE type of Semirom strain. B. mallei Razi 325 was categorized as unrelated strain which was belonged to the different cluster differing more than four bands. Conclusion: PFGE showed more discriminatory power and considerable reproducibility for molecular typing of B. mallei strains in our study. It is standardized the approaches for outbreak detection, pathogen phylogeny, molecular epidemiology, and population studies. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Peganum harmala and Nigella sativa: anti-leishmanial activity against Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes: in vitro and ex vivo experiment
No full textLeishmaniosis is one of the most important vectors borne disease that is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. There are many approved treatment for different types of leishmaniosis but all are with some adverse side effects that limited its uses. Here, we attempt to evaluate in vitro and ex vivo anti-leishmanial activities of Peganum harmala (P. harmala) and N. sativa (Nigella sativa) on promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major. The plants were extracted by maceration method and prepared in concentrations of 7.8, 3.9, 1.9, and 0.9 μg. L. major were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium alone and in J774 cell line separately. The extracts at different concentrations were assessed against promastigote (in vitro assay) and amastigotes (ex vivo assay) of L. major for 72 h at 22 and 37°C, respectively. In current work, N. sativa at highest concentration (7.8 μg/ml) showed 54.4 and 60 anti-leishmanial activity with IC50 of 5.3 and 3.278 μg/ml, respectively. Also, P. harmala at highest concentration (7.8 μg/ml) showed 68.9 and 58.6 antileishmanial activity with IC50 of 2.4 μg/ml for both of them, respectively. The SI value was 38.22 for N. sativa, 25.9 for P. harmala, 19.4 for Amphotericin B, and 16.33 for Glucantime. The results of our study indicated that N. sativa and P. harmala are effective against L. major promastigotes and amastigotes and could be consider as an alternative treatments for leishmaniosis. Therefore, it is recommended that further studies be performed to confirm the efficacy and evaluate the toxicity of the herbal extracts
Melatonin: A smart molecule in the DNA repair system
No full textDNA repair is an important pathway for the protection of DNA molecules from destruction. DNA damage can be produced by oxidative reactive nitrogen or oxygen species, irritation, alkylating agents, depurination and depyrimidination; in this regard, DNA repair pathways can neutralize the negative effects of these factors. Melatonin is a hormone secreted from the pineal gland with an antioxidant effect by binding to oxidative factors. In addition, the effect of melatonin on DNA repair pathways has been proven by the literature. DNA repair is carried out by several mechanisms, of which homologous recombination repair (HRR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) are of great importance. Because of the importance of DNA repair in DNA integrity and the anticancer effect of this pathway, we presented the effect of melatonin on DNA repair factors regarding previous studies conducted in this area. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Lt
Occurrence of ureaplasma urealyticumin in women in the northeast of iran: Characterization of resistance trends
No full textObjectives: The present study surveyed the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Ureaplasma urealyticum in isolates from Gonabad (in the northeast of Iran) including susceptibility testing for U. urealyticum to different antibiotics. Materials and Methods: In this research, a total of 95 vaginal swab specimens were aseptically collected from women who were admitted to the Bohlool Teaching Hospital and Jahad Daneshgahi Center from April 2016 to April 2017. Culture and subsequently antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed according to the Mycoplasma IST 2 kit. Then the cupules were read and interpreted in 24 and 48 hours according to kit guidelines. Results: In the studied patients, 38 (40.4 ), 12 (12.8 ), and 11 (11.7) cases were single positive for U. urealyticum, single positive for Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis), and dually positive for U. urealyticum and M. hominis, respectively. The positive rates of genital U. urealyticum in the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups were 86.8 and 13.2, respectively. The highest positive rate (42.1) was found in the 26-30-year-old group. In addition, tetracycline (TET) and doxycycline (DOT) were the most effective antibiotics against isolates, and one strain was multi-drug resistant. The U. urealyticum resistance rates were more than 39 to erythromycin and pristinamycin, and more than 55 to ciprofloxacin. All U. urealyticum isolates with <104 CFU/specimen were sensitive to all tested drugs. Conclusions: Although the emerging resistance to TETs among our isolates is alarming, these data show that the standard therapeutic regimen for urogenital infections caused by U. urealyticum is DOT, TET, and clarithromycin, leading to better outcomes in most respective patients. © 2021 The Author(s);
Effect of health educational intervention based on the educational phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model on the promotion of preventive behaviors of brucellosis in the villagers of Minoodasht, Iran
No full textAims: Annually, more than half a million people worldwide are infected with brucellosis. Education is one of the basic strategies in controlling and preventing this disease. The PRECEDE model provides a clear framework for planning to change behavior. The factors affecting the behavior in the educational diagnosis stage of this model are categorized. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the educational phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model on the improvement of preventative behaviors of brucellosis. Materials & Methods: This semi-experimental study was carried out on 150 villagers of Minoodasht, Iran, in 2019. The subjects were selected by stratified sampling in two control and intervention groups. Seventy-five people were assigned to each group. Data collection tools were the valid and reliable questionnaire based on the educational structures of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model and a demographic questionnaire. Data of the two groups were collected before and three months after the educational intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software through T, Chi-square, and exact Fisher tests. Findings: There was no significant difference between the two groups in demographic variables and enabling factors before the intervention (p>0.05). In contrast, there was a significant difference between the two groups in the enabling factors and preventive behaviors of brucellosis three months after the educational intervention (p<0.05). Conclusions: The educational intervention based on the educational diagnosis phase of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model effectively promotes brucellosis prevention behaviors in the villagers. © 2021, the Authors
Gamma-radiated immunosuppressed tumor xenograft mice can be a new ideal model in cancer research
No full textTumor xenograft models can create a high capacity to study human tumors and discover efficient therapeutic approaches. Here, we aimed to develop the gamma-radiated immunosuppressed (GIS) mice as a new kind of tumor xenograft model for biomedical studies. First, 144 mice were divided into the control and treated groups exposed by a medical Cobalt-60 apparatus in 3, 4, and 5 Gy based on the system outputs. Then, 144 BALB/c mice were divided into four groups; healthy, xenograft, radiation, and radiation + xenograft groups. The animals in the xenograft and radiation + xenograft groups have subcutaneously received 3 � 106 MCF-7 cells 24 h post-radiation. On 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after cell injection, the animals were sacrificed. Then, the blood samples and the spleen and tumor tissues were removed for the cellular and molecular analyses. The whole-body gamma radiation had a high immunosuppressive effect on the BALB/c mice from 1 to 21 days post-radiation. The macroscopic and histopathological observations have proved that the created clusters' tumor structure resulted in the xenograft breast tumor. There was a significant increase in tumor size after cell injection until the end of the study. Except for Treg, the spleen level of CD4, CD8, CD19, and Ly6G was significantly decreased in Xen + Rad compared to the Xen alone group on 3 and 7 days. Unlike IL-4 and IL-10, the spleen level of TGF-β, INF-γ, IL-12, and IL-17 was considerably decreased in the Xen + Rad than the Xen alone group on 3 and 7 days. The spleen expressions of the VEGF, Ki67, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were dramatically increased in the Xen + Rad group compared to the Xen alone on 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Our results could confirm a new tumor xenograft model via an efficient immune-suppressive potential of the whole-body gamma radiation in mice. © 2021, The Author(s)