Golestan University of Medical Sciences
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Circadian Oscillation Of Natural Antisense Transcripts Related To Human Core Clock Genes
No full textBackground: Circadian Clocks Are Autonomous Intracellular Oscillators That Synchronize Metabolic And Physiological Processes With The External Signals. So, Misalignment Of Environmental And Endogenous Circadian Rhythms Leads To Disruption Of Biological Activities In Living Organisms. Noncoding Transcripts Including Antisense Rnas Are An Important Component Of The Molecular Clocks. Commonly, The Antisense Transcripts Are Involved In The Regulation Of Gene Expression. Per2as And Cry1as Are The Only Known Natural Antisense Transcripts (Nat) Among The Core Clock Genes, Which Overlap With The Per2 And Cry1 Genes, Respectively. In This Study, We Hypothesized That Per2as And Cry1as Like The Other Clock Genes, Exhibit The Oscillatory Behavior In A 24-Hour Period And Affect The Expression Of Per2 And Cry1. Methods: First, The A549 Cell Line Was Cultured Under Standard Conditions. After Horse Serum Shock, Rna Extraction And Cdna Synthesis Was Performed; Then The Expression Fluctuations Of Per2as, Cry1as, Per2, And Cry1 Were Measured With Real-Time Pcr. Results: Our Result Showed That Per2as And Cry1as Had Similar Oscillation Patterns With Their Sense Strand During 24-Hour Period. Conclusions: Therefore, We Suggested That Per2as And Cry1as Transcripts Probably By Preventing The Interaction Of Mirnas With Per2 And Cry1 Mrnas, Influence The Expression Of Them, Positively © 2021. Reports of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.All Rights Reserve
In vitro analysis of antifungal effects of acrylic resin modified by zinc oxide nanoparticles on candida albicans
No full textBackground and purpose: Removable prostheses made of polymethyl methacrylate are susceptible to Candida-dependent denture stomatitis and Candida albicans is considered to be the first common cause. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antifungal effect of acrylic resin modified by zinc oxide nanoparticles. Materials and methods: In this laboratory study, 72 disks (10*4 mm) made of polymethyl methacrylate (Acropars, Marlic, Iran) were divided into three groups (n= 24). Concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were 1 (group A), 0.5 (group B), and 0 (group C, control) mg/ml. Samples were studied in laboratory using Candida albicans strains (ATCC 10231) according to CLSI M27-A3 and M27-S4 documents. For data analysis, one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-test were performed using SPSS V24. Results: There were significant differences in mean numbers of fungal colonies in study groups. The amount of fungal colonies in group A was lower than those in group B and in group B was lower than those in group C (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the limitations of this study, findings showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles have antifungal activity, which increases by increase in concentration of nanoparticles. © 2021, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
In vitro activities of cellulase and ceftazidime, alone and in combination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
No full textBackground: Biofilms are a main pathogenicity feature of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and has a significant role in antibiotic resistance and persistent infections in humans. We investigated the in vitro activities of antibiotic ceftazidime and enzyme cellulase, either alone or in combination against biofilms of P. aeruginosa. Results: Both ceftazidime and cellulase significantly decreased biofilm formation in all strains in a dose-dependent manner. Combination of enzyme at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 U/mL tested with 1/16� MIC of antibiotic led to a significant reduction in biofilm biomass. Cellulase showed a significant detachment effect on biofilms at three concentrations of 10 U/mL, 5 U/mL, and 2.5 U/mL. The MIC, MBC, and MBEC values of ceftazidime were 2 to 4 µg/mL, 4 to 8 µg/mL, and 2048 to 8192 µg/mL. When combined with cellulase, the MBECs of antibiotic showed a significant decrease from 32- to 128-fold. Conclusions: Combination of the ceftazidime and the cellulase had significant anti-biofilm effects, including inhibition of biofilm formation and biofilm eradication in P. aeruginosa. These data suggest that glycoside hydrolase therapy as a novel strategy has the potential to enhance the efficacy of antibiotics and helps to resolve biofilm-associated wound infections caused by this pathogen. © 2021, The Author(s)
Tuning polylactic acid scaffolds for tissue engineering purposes by incorporating graphene oxide-chitosan nano-hybrids
No full textThe main goal of this study was to take an effective approach to promote polylactic acid (PLA) bio-applications. In this regard, graphene oxide (GO) and spherical structure of GO-chitosan nano-hybrids (GO-CS) were successfully synthesized and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, UV�Vis, and elemental analyses. Thereafter, PLA scaffolds containing 1 wt and 2 wt of synthesized nanomaterials were fabricated through the solvent casting/particulate leaching procedure. Then, the biodegradability, cell adhesion, and bio-safety properties of the prepared scaffolds were investigated. The results of bio-degradation analyses demonstrated that the used nanomaterials prevented PLA from rapid and excessive degradation. The cell viability and contact angle results revealed that the surface hydrophilicity of PLA scaffolds was noticeably enhanced using both GO and GO-CS nanoparticles. Although scaffolds containing GO represented a more hydrophilic surface, their cell viability reduced as a consequence of GO cytotoxicity. It was also revealed that incorporation of GO-CS nano-hybrids into PLA scaffold tuned the cell viability through facilitating cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation processes. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Lt
Protective role of nutraceuticals against myocarditis
No full textMyocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that mostly affects young adults. The disease is commonly caused by viral infection, medications, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Nearly 50 of the cases of myocarditis are due to post-viral immune response in a setting of an identifiable or non-identifiable infection. The clinical manifestation is nonspecific ranging from asymptomatic courses to sudden death in infants and young patients. This review describes the properties of phytochemicals as plant-derived active ingredients which can be used in the prevention and treatment of myocarditis and its associated risk factors. Meanwhile, it has illustrated epidemiological analyses, mechanism of action, and the metabolism of phytochemicals in animal and human clinical trials. We also mentioned the precise mechanism of action by which phytochemicals elicit their anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects and how they regulate signal transduction pathways. Nevertheless, comprehensive clinical trials are required to study the properties of phytochemicals in vivo, in vitro, and in silico for a proper management of myocarditis. Our findings indicate that phytochemicals function as potent adjunctive therapeutic drugs in myocarditis and its related complications. © 2021 The Author
More Related Gene Pathways to Vincristine-Induced Death Events in a Human T-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line
No full textBackground: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is common in children but rare in adults. Vincristine (VCR) is one of the drugs used at the beginning of treatment. Some genes are resistant to VCR in B-ALL. Methods: Here, we examined the effect of VCR on gene expression changes in a T-ALL cell line, Jurkat. The MTT method was used to determine the IC50 in Jurkat cells treated with different concentrations of VCR for 48 and 72 hours. Total RNA was isolated from the cells and cDNA was prepared. The Human Cancer Drug Target PCR Array kit was used to evaluate the 84 gene expression changes in Jurkat cells. Protein-protein interaction was analyzed by STRING software. Results: We identified 66 differentially expressed genes as comparison to untreated cells. The response to VCR-induced apoptotic events was remarkable in the pathways of heat shock protein, topoisomerases, protein kinases, cathepsins and cell cycle. In other pathways, there were resistant genes as well as sensitive genes to VCR treatment. Some proteins like HSP90AA1 and ESR1 had determining associations with other proteins. Conclusions: The results suggest VCR target genes in T-ALL cells may be beneficial biomarkers for ALL treatment and can be used to select appropriate synergistic drugs for VCR. © 2021. All Rights Reserved
Prevalence of Hypertension and Prehypertension in Iranian Children
No full textBackground: Hypertension (HTN) is a significant public health problem worldwide. Early diagnosis of HTN and its related risk factors has been considered as one of the main requirements of general healthcare in children. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the nomograms of normal systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and the prevalence of asymptomatic HTN and pre-HTN in a population of school-aged children. Methods: Systolic and diastolic BP, height, and weight were measured in 5811 healthy school-aged children (2904 males and 2907 females) during healthcare visits. HTN was defined as systolic or diastolic BP � 95th percentile for age, gender, and height of the screened population on � 3 occasions. Pre-HTN was considered as systolic or diastolic BP between 90-95 percentile. Results: HTN and pre-HTN were detected in 8.4 and 7.8 of the children, respectively. The prevalence of HTN was 8.6 among the males and 8.2 among the females. Systolic HTN and pre-HTN were detected in 5.8 and 6.4 of the cases compared to diastolic HTN and pre-HTN observed in 5.9 and 6.1 of the participants, respectively. In addition, HTN was detected in 27.9 of children with obesity. Conclusions: According to the high incidence of asymptomatic HTN and pre-HTN in asymptomatic children, it is recommended to perform routine BP measurement during medical care visits of all healthy school children and to prevent and treat obesity in childhood. © 2021, Author(s)
Association between heavy metals and colon cancer: an ecological study based on geographical information systems in North-Eastern Iran
No full textBackground: Colorectal cancer has increased in Middle Eastern countries and exposure to environmental pollutants such as heavy metals has been implicated. However, data linking them to this disease are generally lacking. This study aimed to explore the spatial pattern of age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) of colon cancer and its potential association with the exposure level of the amount of heavy metals existing in rice produced in north-eastern Iran. Methods: Cancer data were drawn from the Iranian population-based cancer registry of Golestan Province, north-eastern Iran. Samples of 69 rice milling factories were analysed for the concentration levels of cadmium, nickel, cobalt, copper, selenium, lead and zinc. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) algorithm was used to interpolate the concentration of this kind of heavy metals on the surface of the study area. Exploratory regression analysis was conducted to build ordinary least squares (OLS) models including every possible combination of the candidate explanatory variables and chose the most useful ones to show the association between heavy metals and the ASR of colon cancer. Results: The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found in the central part of the province and particularly counties with higher amount of cobalt were shown to be associated with higher ASR of men with colon cancer. In contrast, selenium concentrations were higher in areas with lower ASR of colon cancer in men. A significant regression equation for men with colon cancer was found (F(4,137) = 38.304, P <.000) with an adjusted R2 of 0.77. The predicted ASR of men colon cancer was � 58.36 with the coefficients for cobalt = 120.33; cadmium = 80.60; selenium = � 6.07; nickel = � 3.09; and zinc = � 0.41. The association of copper and lead with colon cancer in men was not significant. We did not find a significant outcome for colon cancer in women. Conclusion: Increased amounts of heavy metals in consumed rice may impact colon cancer incidence, both positively and negatively. While there were indications of an association between high cobalt concentrations and an increased risk for colon cancer, we found that high selenium concentrations might instead decrease the risk. Further investigations are needed to clarify if there are ecological or other reasons for these discrepancies. Regular monitoring of the amount of heavy metals in consumed rice is recommended. © 2021, The Author(s)
Long-term opiate use and risk of cardiovascular mortality: results from the Golestan Cohort Study
No full textAIMS: Tens of millions of people worldwide use opiates but little is known about their potential role in causing cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to study the association of long-term opiate use with cardiovascular mortality and whether this association is independent of the known risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the population-based Golestan Cohort Study-50 045 Iranian participants, 40-75 years, 58 women-we used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95 confidence intervals (HRs, 95 CIs) for the association of opiate use (at least once a week for a period of 6 months) with cardiovascular mortality, adjusting for potential confounders-i.e. age, sex, education, wealth, residential place, marital status, ethnicity, and tobacco and alcohol use. To show independent association, the models were further adjusted for hypertension, diabetes, waist and hip circumferences, physical activity, fruit/vegetable intake, aspirin and statin use, and history of cardiovascular diseases and cancers. In total, 8487 participants (72.2 men) were opiate users for a median (IQR) of 10 (4-20) years. During 548 940 person-years-median of 11.3 years, >99 success follow-up-3079 cardiovascular deaths occurred, with substantially higher rates in opiate users than non-users (1005 vs. 478 deaths/100 000 person-years). Opiate use was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality, with adjusted HR (95 CI) of 1.63 (1.49-1.79). Overall 10.9 of cardiovascular deaths were attributable to opiate use. The association was independent of the traditional cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: Long-term opiate use was associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality independent of the traditional risk factors. Further research, particularly on mechanisms of action, is recommended. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2020. For permissions, please email: [email protected]
CD44 polymorphisms and its variants, as an inconsistent marker in cancer investigations
No full textAmong cell surface markers, CD44 is considered the main marker for identifying and isolating the cancer stem cells (CSCs) among other cells and has attracted significant attention in a variety of research areas. Many studies have shown the essential roles of CD44 in initiation, metastasis, and tumorigenesis in different types of cancer; however, the validity of CD44 as a therapeutic or diagnostic target has not been fully confirmed in some other studies. Whereas the association of specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CD44 gene and related variants with cancer risk have been observed in clinical investigations, the significance of these findings remains controversial. Here, we aimed to provide an up-to-date overview of recent studies on the association of CD44 polymorphisms and its variants with different kinds of cancer to determine whether or not it can be used as an appropriate candidate for cancer tracking. © 2021 Elsevier B.V