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Identification a Novel Inhibitor for Aldo�Keto Reductase 1 C3 by Virtual Screening of PubChem Database
No full textAldo�keto reductase1C3 (AKR1C3) is an enzyme with important roles in the metabolism of steroids. AKR1C3 inhibition is a target in cancer treatment. In this study, compounds similar to Stylopine, a strong inhibitor of AKR1C3, were investigated by virtual screening. At the first stage, compounds similar to the Stylopine were excluded from the PubChem database. Then, molecular optimization in Hyperchem software and virtual screening in PyRx software was conducted. Finally, selected compounds were examined by AutoDock to find the compound with the best inhibitory effect. Among 20 selected similar structures to Stylopine in PubChem, 12 molecules had the highest binding affinity by analyzing in PyRx. Subsequently, 5 compounds (8, 21, 32, 35, and 39) were analyzed for ligand and enzyme docking. The ligand number 32 had the best binding affinity and inhibition constant (ki) in comparison with Stylopine. This compound had lower ki than the Stylopine in this research. So, it might inhibit AKR1C3 better than Stylopine. The compound can be studied as a strong inhibitor of AKR1C3 in future in vitro and in vivo researches. © 2022, The National Academy of Sciences, India
The effects of dietary stachyose as prebiotic on immunity and anti-oxidant related genes' expression and lipid metabolism in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
No full textAn 8-week feeding trial was conducted to examine the efficacy of stachyose as a prebiotic on immune parameters, antioxidant-/immune-related genes' expression, and lipid metabolism of zebrafish. Three hundred zebrafish (0.45 ± 0.08 g) were fed four diets containing different stachyose levels at 0, 1, 2 and 4 g kg-1, respectively. After eight weeks of the feeding trial, immunity, anti-oxidant defence and lipid metabolism were tested. It was observed that the addition of stachyose to the diet induced no significant influence (P>0.05) in SOD, GPX, and CAT, gene's expression, compared to the control diet. The inclusion of stachyose resulted in no significant changes in immune gene expression (Lyz, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF) in zebrafish (P>0.05) compared to the control diet. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) significantly (P<0.05) decreased with the addition of 2 and 4 g kg-1 stachyose, while fish fed the control diet and 1 g.kg-1 recorded the highest significant value of LDL (P<0.05). Fish fed diet, either control or diet supplemented with 0.5 g kg-1 stachyose, recorded the lowest HDL value (P<0.05) compared to other treatments. In conclusion, stachyose can be potentially used as a feed additive to modulate lipid metabolism. However, this prebiotic couldn't benefit immune parameters and anti-oxidant defence. © 2022 Hesamaddin Shirzad Aski et al., published by Sciendo 2022
A systematic review and meta-analysis on dropout of infertility treatments and related reasons/factors
No full textDropout of infertility treatments is a common phenomenon and many patients avoid continuing infertility treatments. Determining the total rate of treatment dropout, and related factors was the objective of the present systematic review and meta-analysis study. We performed an electronic literature search in Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cinhal, ProQuest and Medline databases and a manual search in Google scholar by using a set of Standard keywords. We included descriptive studies in English or Persian, from August 2000 to 2019. Finally, we extracted data of 25 papers for systematic review and 11 papers for meta-analysis. Data analysed by RevMan software. The results of the meta-analysis analysed by the random-effects model and studies heterogeneity analysed using the I2 calculation index. We tried to control high heterogeneity (because of the small amounts of p value and chi-square and large amount of I2) with statistical methods such as subgroup analysis and using random-effects model. The results showed that factors related to treatment, psychological and demographic/personal factors are the most common factors for dropout. It seems that educational and supportive programs on psychological, financial, therapeutic, demographic and personal factors can play an important role in reducing the incidence of infertility treatment�s drop out before completing the course of treatment. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Serum lysyl oxidase concentration increases in long-standing systemic sclerosis: Can lysyl oxidase change over time?
No full textObjectives: This study aims to investigate the association of serum lysyl oxidase (LOX) levels with systemic sclerosis (SSc), to examine the relationship between LOX and disease onset, and to evaluate the probable effects of hyperlipidemia on the circulating levels of LOX among patients with SSc. Patients and methods: Between May 2017 and November 2018, a total of 39 patients with SSc (2 males, 37 females; mean age: 46.6±12.3 years; range, 18 to 65 years) and 35 healthy controls (4 males, 31 females; mean age: 43.1±14.1 years; range, 18 to 65 years) were included. Serum LOX concentration was measured using the enzyme-linked immunoassay in triplicate. Results: We found higher levels of serum LOX in patients with SSc compared to healthy controls. There was a significant relationship between serum LOX levels and disease onset. Patients with long-standing disease demonstrated increased levels of LOX in the blood compared to the recent-onset group. Hyperlipidemia did not have a significant effect on circulating levels of LOX. There was a significant negative correlation between LOX levels and modified Rodnan Skin Score in the subgroup of patients with skin involvement only and in patients without gastrointestinal involvement. Conclusion: Our study findings show an increased level of LOX protein level in the blood of patients diagnosed with SSc. Hyperlipidemia seems not to affect the concentrations of LOX in the peripheral blood of patients with SSc. © 2022 Turkish League Against Rheumatism. All rights reserved
Food applications of probiotic yeasts; focusing on their techno-functional, postbiotic and protective capabilities
No full textBackground: Probiotic yeasts (PYs) as promising cell factories and nutraceutical carriers have several pivotal potentials including health-promoting and bio-therapeutic effects (prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections, type II diabetes and several cancers, adjusting intestinal microbiota, supporting healthy mucosal and immune system functions), nutraceutical capabilities (cholesterol assimilation, degradation of unwanted/anti-nutrient compounds and production of antioxidants or increase of their bioavailability), and improvement of food quality and safety (biological control of foodborne bacteria and fungi, degradation and removal of mycotoxins and bacterial toxins, food bio-fortification and increase of the sensory scores). Scope and approach: This review describes recent cutting-edge research findings about promising techno-functional and protective capabilities of PYs in the food matrices. Furthermore, important criteria such as bioprocess optimization and metabolomics findings, postbiotic capabilities and rare side effects reported for PYs are also discussed. Our study offers an overview concerning miraculous potentials of PYs, and it summarizes their metabolites and action mechanisms. Key findings and conclusions: Proper adhesion properties, antimicrobial effects, inherent antibiotic resistance and high adaptability to stressful environments are some of the most important capabilities of PYs. They can be used as starter/adjunct or co-cultures as alone or in combination with lactic acid bacteria to produce a variety of innovative probiotic or functional foods. Furthermore, these superior pro-functional cultures can produce several multifunctional metabolites such as folates, mycocins, prebiotic oligosaccharides, exopolysaccharides, enzymes, antioxidants and volatile compounds with wide and interesting activities in medical, biotechnology and food industries. © 2022 Elsevier Lt
Role of A1 adenosine receptor in survival of human lung cancer
No full textAdenosine, as a purine nucleoside, has a crucial role in the tumorigenesis through interaction with adenosine receptors subtypes A1, A2a, A2b, and A3. The role of A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) in lung cancer has not yet been determined. Here we assessed the role of A1AR in lung cancer. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in A1AR in lung tumors tissue relative to adjacent tumor margins. Our data also indicated A1AR antagonist inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. Treatment of lung cancer cells with A1AR antagonist also increased caspase 3 and 7 activity in these cells. In summary, this study showed that A1AR highly expressed in lung tumor relative to tumor margins, and A1AR has a crucial role in survival of lung cancer. © 2022 Elsevier Inc
Association between Tissue Expression of Toll-Like Receptor and Some Clinicopathological Indices in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
No full textBackground: The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) composes about 90 of all head and neck cancers. The toll-like receptor (TLR)+ immune cells have potential of invasion and malignancy transformation. The aim of this study was assessment of possible associations between clinicopathological indices and TLR2 and TLR9 gene expression in OSCC. Methods: Forty-two OSCC samples with related healthy margins including 25 early and 17 advanced stages were gathered. The samples were classified histologically from grade I to II. The expression of TLR2 and TLR2 was evaluated by Real-time PCR. The patient�s disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using SPSS V.23 software. Results: The expression of TLR2 and TLR9 genes in tumor tissues (especially in grade I and II) were higher than healthy surgical margin tissue (p< 0.001). TLR9 expression in grade II was statistically significant than grade I in tumor tissue (p< 0.001). TLR9 expression in advanced stage was statistically significant in compare to early stage (p= 0.012). In advanced stage both overall survival (p= 0.029) and disease-free survival (p= 0.012) were statistically lower than early stage. The follow-up time to recurrence in advanced stage was statistically lower than early stage (p= 0.007). Conclusions: Overexpression of TLRs 2, 9 play role in the pathogenesis and tumor development of OSCC and can be applied as biomarker in prognostic approaches. © 202
Effect of Warm Saline Solution Gargle on Sore Throat after Extubation in Open Heart Surgery Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textBackground: Sore throat is one of the most common complications of endotracheal intubation, which interferes with patient's normal breathing and oral feeding process. This may ultimately delay the patient's discharge from the hospital. The aim of this study was to determine effect of warm normal saline solution gargling on sore throat in open heart surgery patients after estuation. Methods: This clinical trial was performed in 2016 on 60 patients undergoing open heart surgery at the Amir Al-Momenin Hospital in Kordkoy, Northeast of Iran. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to an intervention and a control group. Patients with sore throat were assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS 0�10) one hour after endotracheal tube removal and then every 6 hours for 24 hours. An overall score of zero, 1-3, 4-6, and 6-10 indicated no pain, mild pain, moderate pain, and severe pain, respectively. Data were analyzed with SPSS (version 18) using the Shapiro�Wilk test, independent t-test, Fisher's exact test, Chi-square test, and Friedman test. All analyses were carried out at significance of 0.05. Results: At the beginning of the study, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, sex, ethnicity, history of addiction, and sore throat severity (p> 0.05). Six hours after the intervention, pain intensity did not differ significantly between the two groups (p <0.05). However, pain intensity was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group 12, 18, and 24 hours after the intervention (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that warm normal saline solution gargling after removal of the endotracheal tube is a practical, simple, and cheap approach to relieve sore throat in patients undergoing open heart surgery. © 2022, Golestan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Association between mobile phone use and hearing impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textObjectives: To investigate whether a possible association of mobile phone use with hearing impairment was conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Content: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive literature search was carried out based on the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) methodology using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, OVID, and Cochrane. The Robins-I tool was used for quality assessment and risk of bias. Two investigators independently reviewed all articles. Pooled effect size was calculated and meta-analysis was performed to compute an overall effect size. Summary: Overall, five relevant studies (two cross-sectional and three cohort studies) with 92,978 participants were included in the analysis. The studies were stratified by design, there was no significant association between mobile phone use and hearing impairment in cross-sectional studies (OR=0.94, 95 CI=0.57-1.31) and cohort studies (OR=1.09, 95 CI=0.93-1.25). In addition, the effect estimates did not differ significantly between cross-sectional and cohort studies (Q=0.50, p=0.48). Overall, the pooled odds ratio (OR) of hearing impairment was 1.07 (95 CI: 0.94-1.20), which indicates no significant association between mobile phone use and hearing impairment. Outlook: Our findings indicate no association between mobile phone use and hearing impairment. However, these findings must be interpreted with caution. © 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Neoadjuvant VS adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer; a retrospective cohort study
No full textBackground: Breast cancer is one of the most common challenges for women's health. Until now, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a standard approach in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), as it increases the probability of breast-conserving surgery (BCS). This study aimed to compare the survival rate in neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups to suggest a better treatment strategy for locally advanced breast cancer. Methods: The study was conducted between 2009 and 2019 on 845 LABC patients at the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Iran. All patients with LABC at stages 3A, 3B, and two were evaluated for treatment with adjuvants (n = 520 female patients) and neoadjuvant (n = 320 female patients) treatment strategies. Patients were followed up for at least 120 months. The Kaplan-Meier method calculated the survival rate using SPSS version 23 software. Result: The 5 and 10 years survival rates of neoadjuvant and adjuvant groups were 87 ± 0.04, 80 ± 0.07 and 87 ± 0.02, 83 ± 0.03, respectively. Statistical analysis results with the mentioned treatment strategies did not show any significant difference in overall survival. Conclusion: The result of this study on LABC patients demonstrated that compared to surgery first following adjuvant chemotherapy, the neoadjuvant chemotherapy has several benefits, including downstaging and more BCS, with no statistically significant difference in the overall survival rate of the patients. © 202