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Ichthyosis follicularis syndromes in patients with mutations in GJB2
No full textIchthyosis follicularis (IF) manifests as generalized spiny follicular projections found in syndromic diseases secondary to SREBF1 and MBTPS2 mutations. We sought the genetic cause of IF in two distinct families from a cohort of 180 patients with ichthyosis. In Family 1, the proband (Patient 1) presented with IF, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and punctate palmoplantar keratoderma. Using DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes, two compound heterozygous mutations, c.526A>G and c.35delG, were discovered in GJB2. In Family 2, the proband (Patient 2) presented with a previously unreported IF phenotype in the context of keratitis�ichthyosis�deafness syndrome, and whole-exome sequencing found a de novo heterozygous mutation, c.148G>A in GJB2. Histopathology was consistent with porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct naevus (PEODDN) and IF in Patients 1 and 2, respectively. Our findings add to the clinical and histopathological spectrum of IF and emphasize the association of PEODDN-like entities with GJB2 variants. © 2022 British Association of Dermatologists
The role of social activity in the association between socioeconomic status and physical health in Tehran University of Medical Sciences employees` cohort study: a structural equation modeling
No full textSocioeconomic status (SES) is often considered a major predictor of health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the role of social activity in the association between SES and physical health among Tehran University of Medical Sciences Employees� Cohort (TEC) study. In this cross-sectional design, we used the data of the enrolment phase of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) cohort study on 4461 employees. The latent variable of this study was the composite SES-index, which is a combination of assets, social activities, and education. A self-reporting questionnaire was used to measure the physical health conditions of the respondents. The relationship between variables was examined using the structural equation modeling (SEM) in STATA-14. The results showed that 2706 respondents (60.65) were female and the mean age of all participants was 42.29 years (SD = 8.71, range: 19 to 74). The SEM results showed that the composite SES-index had a significant effect on physical health (β = �0.21, SE = 0.017, p < 0.001, 95٪ CI = �0.25 to �0.18). Physical health also exhibited the greatest association with the social activity index (β = �0.18, SE = 0.014, p < 0.001, 95٪ CI = �0.21 to �0.15). In addition, the social activities, assets, and education explained 53%, 50%, and 43% of the estimated variance of the composite SES-index, respectively. This study demonstrated that the social activity index could be one of the best proxy indicators of objective SES when we intend to assess the association between SES and physical health. © 2022 Institute of Health Promotion and Education
The Correlation between Spiritual Health and Loneliness in the Elderly
No full textBackground: Loneliness is a serious issue among the elderly that considerably affects their health. Spiritual health might affect the level of loneliness in these individuals. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual health and loneliness. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 330 older adults who live in the western areas of the Golestan Province, Iran in 2019. The subjects were selected using stratified random sampling method with proportional to size. Data were collected by the short form of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S) and the Spiritual Health Questionnaire (SHQ). Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 18) using Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Statistical significance level was set to 0.05. Results: The mean of spiritual health and loneliness were 96.57±4.10 and 21.25±9.05, respectively. There was no significant correlation between spiritual health and loneliness (P=0.72), but there was a significant difference between urban and rural residents in this regard (P=0.037 and P=0.003). In addition, there was a significant relationship between spiritual health and loneliness in general (r=-0.139 and P=0.02). There was an inverse correlation between spiritual health and loneliness among urban residents (r=-0.27 and P=0.001) but not among rural residents (r=-0.06 and P=0.41). Conclusion: Based on the findings, there is an inverse correlation between spiritual health and loneliness among the elderly. This could be a useful finding for planners and activists in the field of geriatric mental health in development of educational counseling and support programs. © 2022, Golestan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
The role of embodied cultural capital on the development of social capital and spiritual health from the perspective of religion and negative Islamic teachings
No full textOne of the contexts for the development of social capital and spiritual health is cultural capital. The relationship between religion as an independent variable and social capital as a dependent variable has been analysed. This article aims to analyse the role of cultural capital in the development of social capital and spiritual health from the perspective of religion and negative Islamic teachings. This study attempts to answer the question, �what is the role of cultural capital on the development of social capital and spiritual health from the perspective of negative Islamic teachings?� In this article, an attempt has been made to compare the negative aspect of education in the form of the Qur�anic concept of �cultivation�, with its positive aspect in terms of principles, approach and method, in order to return to the model arising from Qur�anic and mystical teachings. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and data processing is interpretive and critical. Data collection has been performed utilising documentary and library study methods. The research findings demonstrate that �ethics, science, values, norms, rituals and art� are the most important elements of embodied cultural capital, which are effective in the development of social capital. Contribution: Therefore, there is a substantial relationship between religion, negative Islamic teachings, the development of embodied cultural capital and the development of social capital and spiritual health. © 2022. The Authors
Tryptophan and serotonin levels as potent biomarkers in diabetes mellitus complications: a new approach of diagnostic role
No full textObjective: Alterations in the serotonergic system were verified to act a role in the pathogenesis of altered neurological and psychiatric diseases. In recent years, Tryptophan (Trp) and serotonin (5-HT) levels have been considered potent biomarkers of diabetes mellitus (DM). Method: The different Trp metabolism may also play roles in the pathogenesis of DM and mounting risk of complications. The whole blood (WB) 5-HT level was mainly lower among diabetic patients compared to others. That is mostly derived from a lower platelet concentration of 5-HT in these patients. Results: Indeed, 5-HT level can be considered a potent biomarker for early detection of DM complications. Besides, it was proved that outside the digestive and central nervous systems, 5-HT was discovered in beta cells, and scientists have been attempting to realize its mechanism of action ever since. Towards to end, the determination methods, biomarker�s role, and approaches of 5-HT and Trp levels were thoroughly investigated in both healthy and diabetic patients with or without complications. Moreover, the association between insulin and 5-HT has been specifically discussed. Conclusions: Our study concluded that Trp and 5-HT levels could be exclusively applied for early diagnosis of DM complications as well as many other complications. Graphical abstract: Figure not available: see fulltext. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Assessment of the golden proportion in natural facial esthetics: A systematic review
No full textStatement of problem: Faces considered attractive tend to possess a general harmony; however, scientific studies on the quantitative basis of human facial attractiveness are still sparse. The golden proportion has been the most documented ratio, but the actual existence of codified facial ratios in facially attractive individuals remains unclear. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the deviation from the golden proportion in the measurements of different natural vertical facial ratios. Material and methods: A comprehensive search of the electronic databases that included PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Scopus Secondary documents, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted using the terms �golden proportion�, �golden proportions�, �golden ratio�, �golden ratios�, �golden number�, �golden section�, �divine proportion�, �divine proportions�, �divine ratio�, �divine ratios�, and �Fibonacci� in combination with 1 or more of the ensuing terms: �facial proportion�, �facial proportions�, �facial measurement�, and �facial measurements�. Deviation of the facial proportions from the golden proportions was further analyzed by using a 1-sample t test (α=.05). Results: The 1-sample test showed no significant difference among the means of each variable (P>.05), suggesting that the golden proportion is found in natural facial esthetics. Conclusions: No significant association was found between the golden ratio and facial evaluation scores among all ethnicities. The measurements and proportions for facial balance in the study population showed that the participant's facial height proportions did not follow the golden proportion. © 2022 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistr
Antibacterial activity of recently approved antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are considered an important public health problem, and treatment options are limited. Accordingly, in this meta-analysis, we analyzed published studies to survey in vitro activity of recently approved antibiotics against MRSA isolates. Methods: We searched electronic databases; PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies (until November 30, 2020) that have focused on the in vitro activity of telavancin, dalbavancin, oritavancin, and tedizolid against MRSA isolates. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software (version 14.0). Results: Thirty-eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall in vitro activity of tedizolid on 12,204 MRSA isolates was 0.250 and 0.5 µg/mL for MIC50 and MIC90, (minimum inhibitory concentration at which 50 and 90 of isolates were inhibited, respectively), respectively. The overall antibacterial activity of dalbavancin on 28539 MRSA isolates was 0.060 and 0.120 µg/mL for MIC50 and MIC90, respectively. The overall antibacterial activity of oritavancin on 420 MRSA isolates was 0.045 and 0.120 µg/mL for MIC50 and MIC90, respectively. The overall antibacterial activity of telavancin on 7353 MRSA isolates was 0.032 and 0.060 µg/mL for MIC50 and MIC90, respectively. The pooled prevalence of tedizolid, telavancin, and dalbavancin susceptibility was 100 (95 CI: 100�100). Conclusion: Telavancin, dalbavancin, oritavancin, and tedizolid had potent in vitro activity against MRSA isolates. The low MICs and high susceptibility rates of these antibiotics recommend a hopeful direction to introduce useful antibiotics in treating MRSA infections in the future. © 2022, The Author(s)
Psychometric properties of Farsi version of the resilience scale (CD-RISC) and its role in predicting aggression among Iranian athletic adolescent girls
No full textThe sport presents an opportunity for young people to experience the joys of success and cope with setbacks to develop resilient behaviors. However, there is a lack of clarity about how sport can cultivate resilience, particularly among adolescent girls. This study investigated the psychometric properties of Farsi version of the Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and its role in predicting aggression in Iranian athletic adolescent girls. The method of the present study was cross-sectional. The population of this study was Iranian athletic adolescent girls, and 475 Iranian athletic adolescent girls were selected through the convenience sampling method. The participants completed the Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Quality of Mindfulness, General Self-efficacy (GSE), Alexithymia, and Aggression Scale. The CD-RISC�s psychometric properties were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, while reliability was tested using Cronbach�s alpha. Discriminant validity was measured by examining the relationship with alexithymia, and convergent validity was assessed with the quality of mindfulness and GSE. In addition, multiple regression analysis was conducted on the prediction of aggression by the CD-RISC subscales. The five-factor structure provided a good fit for the data. CD-RISC had significant negative associations with alexithymia, and there was a significant positive correlation between CD-RISC and Quality of Mindfulness, GSE. The results indicate that CD-RISC significantly predicts aggression in athletic adolescent girls. The CD-RISC has good validity for athletic adolescent girls in Iran and can be used in psychological evaluations in the Iranian context. CD-RISC significantly predicts aggression among athletic adolescent girls. © 2022, The Author(s)
Development of an online cancer data collection and processing tool for population-based cancer registries in a low-resource setting: The CanDCap experience from Golestan, Iran
No full textBackground: Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR) with more than 15-years experiences developed an in-house online software called Cancer Data Collection and Processing (CanDCap) to improve its data collection operations from the conventional offline method to new online method. We aimed to report the methods and framework that GPCR applied to design and implementation of the CanDCap. Methods: CanDCap was designed based on International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) protocols and standards and according to the GPCR workflow. CanDCap has two parts including a web-based online part for data collection and a windows-based part for data processing consisting of quality control and deduplication of repeated records. Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction (QUIS) was used in order to assess user interaction satisfaction. Results: CanDCap was implemented in 2018 and could improve the quality of the GPCR data during its first three years of activity (2018�2020), during which about 9,000 records were registered. The coverage for optional items including national ID, father name, address and telephone number were improved from 23 , 32 , 83 and 82 in conventional offline method (2015�2017) to 83 , 81 , 87 , and 90 after using the CanDCap (2018�2020), respectively. The timeliness was also improved from 4 years to 2 years. Overall, user interaction satisfaction was acceptable (7.8 out of 9). Conclusion: CanDCap could resulted in improvement in data quality and timeliness of the GPCR as a cancer registry unit with limited resources. It has the potential to be considered as a model for population-based cancer registries in lower-resource settings. © 2022 Elsevier B.V
Opium use and risk of bladder cancer: A multi-centre case-referent study in Iran
No full textBackground: Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common type of cancer worldwide and the fourth most common type of cancer in Iran. Opium use is considered as one of the risk factors for BC. We aim to assess the association between various parameters of opium use, which in Iran is mainly ingested or smoked in various forms, and the risk of BC. Method: In this multi-centre case-referent study in Iran, 717 BC cases and 3477 referents were recruited to the study from May 2017 until July 2020. Detailed histories of opium use (duration, amount, frequency) and potential confounders were collected by trained interviewers. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were used to measure adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95 confidence intervals (CI). The ORs were adjusted for age, gender, place of residence and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Results: Regular opium consumption was associated with an increased risk of BC (OR 3.5, 95 CI: 2.8, 4.3) compared with subjects who never used opium. Compared with continuous users, the risk decreased to one-Third for those who stopped opium more than 10 years ago. The adjusted OR for those who used both crude opium (teriak) and opium juice was 7.4 (95 CI: 4.1, 13.3). There was a joint effect of opium and tobacco (OR for users of both opium and tobacco 7.7, 95 CI: 6.0, 9.7). Conclusions: Regular opium use is associated with an approximately 4-fold risk for BC. The OR decreases along with the increasing time since stopping opium use. © 2022 The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association