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Metronidazole conjugated bismuth sulfide nanoparticles for enhanced X-ray radiation therapy
No full textOver the past few years, several types of radiosensitizers have been developed to address the challenges of tumor hypoxia in favor of cancer radiotherapy. In this study, we aimed to synthesize a nano-radiosensitizers via conjugation of metronidazole (Met) to bovine serum albumin coated bismuth sulfide nanoparticles (Bi2S3@BSA NPs), named Bi2S3@BSA-Met. The NPs were characterized with different techniques. Bi2S3@BSA-Met NPs were shown to have a mean hydrodynamic particle size around 154 nm and a spherical shape with homogenous size distribution. Apoptosis assay revealed that the combination of Bi2S3@BSA-Met NPs with X-Ray irradiation potentiated the cell apoptotic rate. Furthermore, one of the most striking results to emerge from the data comparison was the effects of Met on radiosensitization of 4T1 cells under hypoxia condition. Conjugation of Met to Bi2S3@BSA NPs resulted in superior cell cytotoxicity upon X-ray irradiation. Results provide unprecedented evidence for the potential capability of Met as an effective radiation sensitizer for hypoxic tumor cells.. © 202
Prediction of COVID-19 manipulation by selective ACE inhibitory compounds of Potentilla reptant root: In silico study and ADMET profile
No full textIn the novel SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) as a global emergency event, the main reason of the cardiac injury from COVID-19 is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) targeting in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The inhibition of ACE2 induces an increase in the angiotensin II (Ang II) and the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) leading to impaired cardiac function or cardiac inflammatory responses. The ethyl acetate fraction of Potentilla reptans L. root can rescue heart dysfunction, oxidative stress, cardiac arrhythmias and apoptosis. Therefore, isolated components of P. reptans evaluated to identify natural anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents via molecular docking. In silico molecular docking study were carried out using the Auto Dock software on the isolated compounds of Potentilla reptans root. The protein targets of selective ACE and others obtained from Protein Data Bank (PDB). The best binding pose between amino acid residues involved in active site of the targets and compounds was discovered via molecular docking. Furthermore, ADMET properties of the compounds were evaluated. The triterpenoids of P. reptans showed more ACE inhibitory potential than catechin in both domains. They were selective on the nACE domain, especially compound 5. Also, the compound 5 & 6 had the highest binding affinity toward active site of nACE, cACE, AT1R, ACE2, and TNF-α receptors. Meanwhile, compound 3 showed more activity to inhibit TXA2. Drug likeness and ADMET analysis showed that the compounds passed the criteria of drug likeness and Lipinski rules. The current study depicted that P. reptans root showed cardioprotective effect in COVID-19 infection and manipulation of angiotensin II-induced side effects. © 2022 The Author(s
The role of different genes in causing infection of ectodermal dysplasia patients: A systematic review
No full textEctodermal dysplasia (ED) is a genetic disorder which is characterized by deficient tissues from ectoderm and mesoderm. In this systematic review, two researchers searched keywords such as Ectodermal Dysplasia and Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (HED) in Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched until June 2020. In the first search 885 articles were found. After including and excluding criteria, included articles were reduced to 53 in Scopus, 11 in Web of Science, and 11 in PubMed. The point is that out of 75 selected studies, 52 articles were identified the cause of infection in ectodermal dysplasia as mutations in the NEMO gene and its subsets. © 2022 Health Biotechnology And Biopharma. All Rights Reserved
One-year prevalence and the association between SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold, comorbidity and outcomes in population of Babol, North of Iran (2020-2021)
No full textBackground: The present study aimed to investigate the one-year prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, common comorbidities and demographic information among negative- and positive rRT-PCR in health care workers (HCW), hospitalized and outpatients. Also, the association between SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) and the outcomes of patients were analyzed in Babol, northern Iran. Methods: This large retrospective cross-sectional study was performed between March 2020 and March 2021. The records of 19232 hospitalized, outpatients and HCW suspected to COVID-19 were collected from teaching hospitals in the North of Iran. Results: Out of the 19232 suspected to COVID-19 patients, 7251 (37.7) had a positive rRT-PCR result; 652 (9), 4599 (63.4) and 2000 (27.6) of those were categorized as HCW, hospitalized and outpatients, respectively. Moreover, between the hospitalized and the outpatient group, 10.2 and 0.8 cases died, whereas no death cases were reported in the HCW. Furthermore, it seems that death rate was significantly different between the three groups of Ct value, the highest mortality in those with Ct between 21 and 30 (group B=7.6) and the lowest in the group with the highest Ct (between 31 and 40 = 5.5) (p<0.001). Conclusion: In summary, 37.7 of cases were positive for SARS-CoV-2; of which, 63.4, 27.6 and 9 were hospitalized, outpatients and HCW, respectively. With regard to the mortality rate in hospitalized patients and the significant association with Ct under 20 and 30, it seems that the early detection and the initial quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in the first week of the conflict and therapeutic considerations to reduce the relative load can reduce the mortality rate. © The Author(s)
Expression and production of protoscolex recombinant P29 protein and its serological evaluation for diagnosis of human hydatidosis
No full textCystic Echinococcosis/Hydatidosis considered as one of the most important parasitic diseases in humans and animals across the world. The goal of the present study was to determine a native antigen with an acceptable sensitivity and specificity to be used in the human hydatid cyst diagnostic methods. In the present study, recombinant P29 antigen was used to detect the antibodies in the serum of patients with hydatid cysts of the liver. In fact, purified recombinant P29 protein is used as an antigen in ELISA. In order to evaluate the recombinant P29 protein for diagnostic ELISA, 25 serums obtained from people harboring the hydatid cysts were tested. The result of the gene expression on a 12 SDS-PAGE gel showed a band with a length of 28 KD. Also, 28KDa band was observed through the reaction of recombinant P29 protein with Anti T7-tag monoclonal antibody in the western blotting method. This protein showed satisfactory results in detecting the hydatid cyst antibodies in the serum of patients having hydatid cysts. Twenty two of 25 hydatidosis serums positively reacted in ELISA using with P29 protein, indicating in 92 of ELISA sensitivity, 95 of specificity, 95.83 of positive predictive value, and 90.42 of negative predictive value for recombinant P29 protein. Whereas the produced recombinant protein P29 showed promising results in the diagnosis of hydatidosis but of more research needs to be done to reach a more accurate conclusion. © 2021, Indian Society for Parasitology
Bioremediation for the Decolorization of Textile Dyes by Bacterial Strains Isolated from Dyeing Wastewater
No full textBackground: The major concern to meet environmental regulations is related with the decolorization and detoxification of industrial dyes contaminated wastewater. So, this study was undertaken to examine the use of bacteria isolated from wastewater of textile factories in the removal of the synthetic textile dyes (Sudan Black, Methyl Red, Malachite Green, Rhodamine B and Brilliant Cresyl Blue). Methods: Dye contaminated wastewater was collected from some synthetic textile factories in Gorgan and Gonbad, Iran, and evaluated for the screening and isolation of bacteria capable of decolorizing textile dyes. The effect of function of operational parameters includes temperature (25, 37 and 50 °C), pH (4, 6 and 8) and initial dye concentration (100, 200 and 300 mg/mL) on the efficiency and rate of discoloration was assessed. Results: Totally, out of the 19 bacterial isolates from textile wastewater: Five bacterial isolates showed dye discoloration ability and the most efficient bacterial isolates were Enterococcus faecium and Pantoea spp. that decolorized Methyl Red, Sudan Black and Malachite Green dyes at 25-37°C, concentration of 200-300 mg/mL and slightly acidic to neutral pH. Enterococcus bacterium was able to decolorize Sudan Black to the 19.79 in the concentration of 100 mg/ml and pH=8 and temperature of 50°C. The highest amount of decolorizing was observed by Pantoea on Malachite Green to the amount of 73. Enterococcus had the highest decolorizing on Methyl Red to the 65.7. The amount of decolorizing on Sudan Black by Enterococcus (49.9) was also higher than Pantoea (39.7). Conclusion: Isolated bacteria had a significant reduction in toxicity and cationic malachite green dye and azo dye- methyl red. Thus, bacteria can be used in full-scale industrial wastewater treatment with the bio-synergy and its application in discoloration. © 2022. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. All Rights Reserved
EFFICACY OF ARIPIPRAZOLE AND RISPERIDONE IN TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER: A DOUBLE-BLIND CLINICAL TRIAL STUDY
No full textAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children. Poor academic readiness for school entry, fine motor skills, and social impairment are more common in preschoolers than healthy controls. Since dopaminergic system dysfunction is connected with numerous neuropsychological diseases, including ADHD, antipsychotic drugs are used for the treatment of ADHD. Considering the importance of ADHD treatment in preschoolers and the fact that psychostimulant drugs are less effective in preschoolers and have more adverse effects, this study is conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of risperidone and aripiprazole in the treatment of ADHD. Fifty-five 3-6-year-old children diagnosed with ADHD were randomized to a 12-week trial of treatment with risperidone or aripiprazole1. The assessment was performed by Parent ADHD-RS, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) before treatment, and weeks 2, 4, 6, and 12 of treatment. The study showed that the ADHD-RS score of both groups was significantly reduced after starting the treatment. After the 12th week, the score of aripiprazole's group was significantly less than the score of risperidone's group (p-value = 0.019). In addition, the CGAS scores and the total SDQ score improved for both groups without any statistically significant difference between them. Both risperidone and aripiprazole are effective in the treatment of ADHD among preschool-aged children. Both drugs are well-tolerated, significantly reduce the ADHD-RS score and the total SDQ score and improve the CGAS score. © 2022 Assiut University. All rights reserved
The global survival rate of graft and patient in kidney transplantation of children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis on published studies about the Global Survival Rate of Graft and Patients in the Kidney Transplantation of children. Methods: Studies that investigated the survival rate of kidney transplants published until the 30th of December 2020 were selected using a systematic search strategy in the following databases: Medline, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane. The extracted data were entered into the Excel software and STATA 16.0. The search identified 6007 study references. From the total, we excluded 1348 duplicates, 3688 reference titles and abstracts that were deemed irrelevant, and 846 references that were not original articles (i.e., letter, commentary, review) or did not meet the inclusion criteria. As such, 89 studies involving 12,330 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Results: In this study 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10-year survival rates of graft were estimated to be 92, 83, 74.40, 67.10, and 63.50, respectively. Also, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10-year survival rates of patients were estimated to be 99.60, 97.30, 95.20, 74.60, and 97.90, respectively. Conclusions: The findings suggest differences in graft and patient survival among children with kidney transplants. Although differences in ethnic origin, incompatibility with deceased donor kidneys, and types of kidney disease are unavoidable, interventions to improve preventive and living-donor transplantation are particularly needed in minority groups. In addition, more research is needed to establish and address the contribution of medical and sociocultural barriers to preferential treatment of these groups. © 2022, The Author(s)
Serum and salivary tissue transglutaminase IGA (tTG-IGA) level in celiac patients
No full textBackground: Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically determined autoimmune disease triggered by gluten consumption. Patients with these conditions have intraepithelial lymphocytosis, crypt hyperplasia, and severe intestinal atrophy. Gluten elimination is the only way to reduce this chronic inflammation. The diagnosis of CD is usually made by analyzing anti-tTG, anti-DGP, or EMA serological tests, and it is confirmed by biopsy of the duodenum. In people with CD, xerostomia or dry mouth is a common complication. This condition causes the salivary glands to malfunction and, in turn, may result in oral plaque and periodontal disease. By comparing salivary and serum levels of tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTG-IgA), this study aims to suggest a non-invasive method for diagnosis of CD. Furthermore, the present study evaluates the severity of xerostomia symptoms in people with CD. Methods: In this case�control study, participants were patients referred to the internal ward of Sayyad Shirazi hospital. The control group was selected from healthy people who attended Gorgan Dental College. In this study, an analysis of serum was performed following consent from patients. This was followed by a salivary test, and the results of both tests were compared. The Xerostomia Inventory questionnaire was also used to determine the severity of xerostomia. As part of this study, examination of factors such as total protein concentration of saliva, albumin concentration, amylase level, pH, sodium, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and interleukin (6, 18, and 21) were conducted. Results: A total of 78 people were studied (aged 15 to 68), 26 were male (33.3) and 52 were female (66.7). In comparisons of the serum and saliva of people with and without CD, the level of amylase was higher in the latter group. The average levels of IL-6� IL-18 �IL-21, and salivary and serum tTG were higher in people with CD. Additionally, CD patients were more likely to develop xerostomia. Conclusion: Study findings showed that CD can reduce certain salivary enzymes and elements, as well as increase inflammatory cytokines, salivary, and serum tTG. The management of dry mouth should also be recommended for celiac disease patients in order to prevent its complications. © 2022, The Author(s)
The effect of Vitamin C and Zn supplementation on the immune system and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients
No full textSARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2) is the most dangerous form of the coronavirus, which causes COVID-19. In patients with severe COVID-19, the immune system becomes markedly overactive. There is evidence that supplementation with select micronutrients may play a role in maintaining immune system function in this patient population. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, significant emphasis has been placed on the importance of supplementing critical micronutrients such as Vitamin C and Zinc (Zn) due to their immunomodulatory effects. Viral infections, like COVID-19, increase physiological demand for these micronutrients. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to provide comprehensive information regarding the potential effectiveness of Vitamin C and Zn supplementation during viral infection and specifically COVID-19. This review demonstrated a relation between Vitamin C and Zn deficiency and a reduction in the innate immune response, which can ultimately make patients with COVID-19 more vulnerable to viral infection. As such, adequate intake of Vitamin C and Zn, as an adjunctive therapeutic approach with any necessary pharmacological treatment(s), may be necessary to mitigate the adverse physiological effects of COVID-19. To truly clarify the role of Vitamin C and Zn supplementation in the management of COVID-19, we must wait for the results of ongoing randomized controlled trials. The toxicity of Vitamin C and Zn should also be considered to prevent over-supplementation. Over-supplementation of Vitamin C can lead to oxalate toxicity, while increased Zn intake can reduce immune system function. In summary, Vitamin C and Zn supplementation may be useful in mitigating COVID-19 symptomology. © 2022 The Author