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Assessing the Correlation between Cephalometric Measurements In Patients with Class II Malocclusion
No full textBackground and purpose: Some measurements such as angles and planes drawn in lateral cephalometry have different relationships and correlation coefficients which help to distinguish different types of malocclusions. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between ANB, Wits, occlusal plane, and Y-axis cephalometric measurements in patients with class II malocclusion. Materials and methods: A descriptive-analytical and retrospective cross-sectional study was performed using the lateral radiographic images (n=156) in the archive of the Dental Clinic affiliated with Golestan University of Medical Sciences obtained from patients aged 14-18 years of age with class II malocclusion in 2018-2019. Results: There were 91 (58.3) lateral radiographic images of female patients, and 65 (41.7) of male patients. The highest correlation was found between ANB and Wits measurements (r= 0.61) followed by ANB and Y-axis (r= 0.53), Wits and occlusal plane (r= 0.36), and Y-axis and occlusal plane (r= 0.33) and the lowest correlation was seen between ANB and occlusal plane measurements (r= 0.23). Conclusion: According to current study, it seems that in addition to ANB angle, other cephalometric measurements such as Wits, Y-axis, and occlusal plane can be used to diagnose class II malocclusion (based on their correlation coefficient with ANB). © 2022, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Targeted delivery of galbanic acid to colon cancer cells by PLGA nanoparticles incorporated into human mesenchymal stem cells
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of mesenchyme stem cells (MSCs) derived from human adipose tissue (hMSCs) as carriers for delivery of galbanic acid (GBA), a potential anticancer agent, loaded into poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (nano-engineered hMSCs) against tumor cells. Materials and Methods: GBA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA/GBA) were prepared by single emulsion method and their physicochemical properties were evaluated. Then, PLGA/GBA nanoparticles were incorporated into hMSCs (hMSC/PLGA-GBA) and their migration ability and cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells were investigated. Results: The loading efficiency of PLGA/GBA nanoparticles with average size of 214±30.5 nm into hMSCs, was about 85 and 92 at GBA concentration of 20 and 40 μM, respectively. Nano-engineered hMSCs showed significant higher migration to cancer cells (C26) compared to normal cells (NIH/3T3). Furthermore, nano-engineered hMSCs could effectively induce cell death in C26 cells in comparison with non-engineered hMSCs. Conclusion: hMSCs could be implemented for efficient loading of PLGA/GBA nanoparticles to produce a targeted cellular carrier against cancer cells. Thus, according to minimal toxicity on normal cells, it deserves to be considered as a valuable platform for drug delivery in cancer therapy. © 2022 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Highly Conserve Sequences in Envelope, Nucleoprotein and RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Samples of the COVID-19 Patients; a Diagnostic Target for Further Studies
No full textBackground: The etiological agent of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Conventional molecular methods are used to detect viruses in COVID-19 infected patients. This study aimed to investigate escape mutations from molecular detection on SARS-CoV-2 targeted genes, which indicates the importance of mutations in false-negative PCR test results in the detection of virus in clinical specimens of patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The 20 nasopharyngeal swabs samples collected from COVID-19 confirmed patients. The SARS-CoV-2 E, nsp12, and N genetic regions are amplified by RT-PCR assay. PCR products were sequenced using the Sanger sequencing method and Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) to assess the polymorphism and mutations performed using MEGA X software and the Maximum likelihood method for the phylogenetic evaluation. Results: Among all COVID-19 cases, 60 and 40 were male and female, respectively. The MSA showed high conservation between all evaluated samples and VOCs in all N, E, and nsp12 genes. Also, the phylogenetic evaluation by the Maximum likelihood method reported high similarity between all SARS-CoV-2 sequenced samples, VOCs, and Wuhan reference sequences in the evaluated region. Conclusion: Our study results approved the relatively conserved suitability of the E, N, and RdRp-gene regions with no diversity, therefore, making them perfect candidates for first-line screening. © 2022 The authors
Nephrotonic and Nephroprotective Medicinal Herbs in Traditional Persian Medicine: Review and Assessment of Scientific Evidence
No full textThe tendency to use herbal and complementary therapies has been increased dramatical-ly in the last decades. The aim of this study is to review nephrotonic and nephroprotective medicinal herbs in traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) historical books and assess relevant scientific evidence and possible mechanisms of action. In this study, seven major references among pharmaceutical books of PM from the 11th to 19th centuries were selected and were searched with keywords equivalent to �nephroprotection�. To find new studies, the scientific names of medicinal herbs which have been repeated twice or more were searched using databases, including PubMed and Google scholar, with keywords of nephroprotective, renal disorder, renal failure and kidney. Also, probable effective mechanisms were explored with keywords, including oxidative stress, antioxi-dant, inflammation, anti-inflammatory and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor. 210 herbal remedies were found with kidney strengthening, nephroprotective, and atrophy prevention effects in reviewed books. The most repeated herbs were 41. Results of scientific evidence showed that the possible functional mechanisms of these plants include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, blood pressure/glucose-lowering effect as well as improvement of glomerular filtration, prevention of tissue damage, and enhancing reconstructive power of cells. The list of medicinal herbs in this study can be used as a basis of future studies on the production of new medicines for the prevention or treatment of renal failure and for the enhancement of renalfunction. © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers
Novel targets in rectal cancer by considering lncRNA�miRNA�mRNA network in response to Lactobacillus acidophilus consumption: a randomized clinical trial
No full textWe aimed to explore the lncRNA�miR�mRNA network in response to Lactobacillusacidophilus (L. acidophilus) consumption in rectal cancer patients. The candidate miRs were first taken from the GEO and TCGA databases. We constructed the lncRNA�miR�mRNA network using the high-throughput sequencing data. At last, we created a heatmap based on the experimental data to show the possible correlation of the selected targets. The expression levels of selected targets were measured in the samples of 107 rectal cancer patients undergoing placebo and probiotic consumption and 10 noncancerous subjects using Real-Time PCR. Our analysis revealed a group of differentially expressed 12 miRs and 11 lncRNAs, and 12 genes in rectal cancer patients. A significant expression increase of the selected tumor suppressor miRs, lncRNAs, and genes and a substantial expression decrease of the selected oncomiRs, onco-lncRNAs, and oncogenes were obtained after the probiotic consumption compared to the placebo group. There is a strong correlation between some network components, including miR-133b and IGF1 gene, miR-548ac and MSH2 gene, and miR-21 and SMAD4 gene. In rectal cancer patients, L.acidophilus consumption was associated with improved expression of the lncRNA�miR�mRNA network, which may provide novel monitoring and therapeutic approaches. © 2022, The Author(s)
Suggestion for Ascertaining the Size Breed of the Biting Dog on Epidemiological Reports and Animal Bite Registration and Reporting System in Iran
No full textThe effect of intrauterine hCG injection before embryo transfer on pregnancy rate in frozen embryo transfer cycles
No full textObjective: HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), which is secreted by cytotrophoblast cells, plays an important role in improving pregnancy outcomes among patients with infertility or related problems. In this study, we evaluate the effect of intrauterine hCG injection prior to frozen embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: In this clinical trial study, among women with infertility problems referred to (XXX) and those with frozen embryos were included in the study. 155 patients in the intervention group received 500 units of hCG while 157 in control group received saline prior to embryo transfer. Along with demographic data, successful in vitro fertilization and clinical pregnancy, loss of pregnancy, successful transplantation, and biochemical parameters were compared among the two groups. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 32.97 ± 3.31 years. The level of anti-Mullerian hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and the grade of frozen embryos were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). The rate of laboratory pregnancy in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group (51 vs 35), p = 0.006. The rate of successful implantation and clinical pregnancy in the intervention group was also significantly higher, p = 0.01 and p = 0.006, respectively. Overall loss of pregnancy in intervention group was 78.1 and 86.0 in control group which was not significantly different, p = 0.068. Conclusion: The outcomes of our study showed that 500 IU of hCG prior to embryo transfer improves the rate of clinical and laboratory pregnancy. However, it does not reduce the rate of loss of pregnancy. Further studies are therefore required in this area. © 2022 The Author
Groundwater quality assessment of north of Iran (Golestan Province) using multivariate factor analysis and GIS techniques
No full textGroundwater is one of the most important sources of drinking water. Since the quality of water directly influences consumers� health, it is essential to assess the quality of water and related factors. This descriptive-analytical study was performed on physical and chemical variables of water samples collected in the dry and wet seasons during 2006�2020 period. Changes in groundwater quality were investigated by factor analysis (FA) model and geographic information system (GIS) software. Based on factor analysis model, EC, TDS, TH and Mgþ2 levels were the most important factors affecting the quality of water. Due to the high level of hardness (dry seasons; 389.4 mg/l and wet seasons; 418.4 mg/l) and sodium in water (dry seasons; 138 mg/l and wet seasons; 158 mg/l), necessary measures should be taken before drinking and agriculture uses. Changes in the water quality were more related to natural factors and human activities. The invasion of saline water into the groundwater aquifers in the study area should be considered. © 2022 The Authors
Spatial environmental factors predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: Results of the SPACE study
No full textBackground Environmental exposures account for a growing proportion of global mortality. Large cohort studies are needed to characterize the independent impact of environmental exposures on mortality in low-income settings. Methods We collected data on individual and environmental risk factors for a multiethnic cohort of 50,045 individuals in a low-income region in Iran. Environmental risk factors included: ambient fine particular matter air pollution; household fuel use and ventilation; proximity to traffic; distance to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) center; socioeconomic environment; population density; local land use; and nighttime light exposure. We developed a spatial survival model to estimate the independent associations between these environmental exposures and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Findings Several environmental factors demonstrated associations with mortality after adjusting for individual risk factors. Ambient fine particulate matter air pollution predicted all-cause mortality (per μg/m3, HR 1.20, 95 CI 1.07, 1.36) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.17, 95 CI 0.98, 1.39). Biomass fuel use without chimney predicted all-cause mortality (reference = gas, HR 1.23, 95 CI 0.99, 1.53) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.36, 95 CI 0.99, 1.87). Kerosene fuel use without chimney predicted all-cause mortality (reference = gas, HR 1.09, 95 CI 0.97, 1.23) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.19, 95 CI 1.01, 1.41). Distance to PCI center predicted all-cause mortality (per 10km, HR 1.01, 95 CI 1.004, 1.022) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.02, 95 CI 1.004, 1.031). Additionally, proximity to traffic predicted all-cause mortality (HR 1.13, 95 CI 1.01, 1.27). In a separate validation cohort, the multivariable model effectively predicted both all-cause mortality (AUC 0.76) and cardiovascular mortality (AUC 0.81). Population attributable fractions demonstrated a high mortality burden attributable to environmental exposures. Interpretation Several environmental factors predicted cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, independent of each other and of individual risk factors. Mortality attributable to environmental factors represents a critical opportunity for targeted policies and programs. Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication
