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Correction: Psychometric properties of Persian version of diabetes health literacy scale (DHLS) in patients with type 2 diabetes (Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, (2022), 14, 1, (139), 10.1186/s13098-022-00910-0)
No full textFollowing publication of the original article 1, the author identified an error in the first author�s affiliation. The incorrect affiliation: Mahdi Moshki Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran The correct affiliation for first author: Mahdi Moshki Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran The original article 1 has been revised. © 2022, The Author(s)
State-of-the-art cerium nanoparticles as promising agents against human viral infections
No full textThe world is faces a significant global health challenge in the form of viral infections, particularly the emergence of viral strains that are resistant to effective antiviral therapies. This underscores the urgent need for the development of effective and safe antiviral agents. Nanoscale materials are now being used as novel antiviral agents. Cerium nanoparticles have unique chemical and physical properties that make them particularly promising for viral infections. These particles reduce inflammation and the autoimmune response. Cerium nanoparticles, in addition to their antiviral properties, have many other advantages that are highly sought after for various aspects of biomedical applications. This review focuses on the various properties of cerium nanoparticles as a novel agent against viral infections. © 202
Polyethylene Glycol-decorated GO Nanosheets as a Well-Organized Nanohybrid to Enhance the Performance of Chitosan Biopolymer
No full textThe influence of graphene oxide (GO) decoration with polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the thermal, mechanical, antibacterial, and also biocompatibility of chitosan (CS) biopolymer was investigated. GO-PEG nanohybrids were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, AFM, UV�Vis, and XRD. The results indicated significant changes in morphology, optical properties, interlayer distances, and aqueous stability of GO as a result of the linkage of PEG chains to the surface of GO nanoplates. Afterward, GO-PEG was added to CS as graphene-based hybrid nanosheets to reinforce CS-based environmental biofilms. Outcomes demonstrated that surface decoration of GO with PEG chains effectively improved compatibility and dispersion of GO plates in the CS matrix. Therefore bionanocomposites containing modified GO (CS/GO-PEG) exhibited superior thermal stability, mechanical and antibacterial properties as well as biocompatibility. CS/GO-PEG bionanocomposite with more desirable properties, than CS biopolymer and even CS/GO nanocomposite, can be preferred for biomedical applications (tissue engineering, wound dressing, drug delivery) and also food/drug packaging industry. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Chromosome-scale Echinococcus granulosus (genotype G1) genome reveals the Eg95 gene family and conservation of the EG95-vaccine molecule
No full textCystic echinococcosis is a socioeconomically important parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of the canid tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, afflicting millions of humans and animals worldwide. The development of a vaccine (called EG95) has been the most notable translational advance in the fight against this disease in animals. However, almost nothing is known about the genomic organisation/location of the family of genes encoding EG95 and related molecules, the extent of their conservation or their functions. The lack of a complete reference genome for E. granulosus genotype G1 has been a major obstacle to addressing these areas. Here, we assembled a chromosomal-scale genome for this genotype by scaffolding to a high quality genome for the congener E. multilocularis, localised Eg95 gene family members in this genome, and evaluated the conservation of the EG95 vaccine molecule. These results have marked implications for future explorations of aspects such as developmentally-regulated gene transcription/expression (using replicate samples) for all E. granulosus stages; structural and functional roles of non-coding genome regions; molecular �cross-talk� between oncosphere and the immune system; and defining the precise function(s) of EG95. Applied aspects should include developing improved tools for the diagnosis and chemotherapy of cystic echinococcosis of humans. © 2022, The Author(s)
The efficacy of Jujube syrup on the prevention of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A pilot randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
No full textLiver injury is the most common complication of anti-tuberculosis drugs that can cause significant problems. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Jujube syrup on the prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH). This pilot randomized double-blind study was conducted based on a placebo-controlled design in patients with tuberculosis (TB). The patients were divided into two groups based on the block random allocation method and received 10 cc of jujube or placebo syrup per day. The liver enzyme levels were assessed as primary outcomes, and the severity of cough, anorexia, and nausea along with the quality of life (QOL) was assessed as secondary outcomes. Finally, eight and nine patients in the jujube and placebo groups completed the study, respectively. In the second week of the study, 27.3 of the patients in the placebo group developed hepatotoxicity. Moreover, there was no liver toxicity in the jujube group. This difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p =.037). Furthermore, the severity of cough in patients in the jujube group decreased significantly during weeks 2 and 4. The QOL significantly improved in the jujube group, compared to the placebo group. This study suggested that Jujube syrup could prevent anti-TB DIH. It can also improve the severity of cough and the QOL in pulmonary TB patients. © 2021 The Authors. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, British Pharmacological Society and American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Household contact investigation for the detection of active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis: A comprehensive evaluation in two high-burden provinces in Iran
No full textBackground: Systematic evaluation of household contacts of persons with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in low- and middle-income countries is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study recruited adult household contacts of diagnosed TB patients in two high burden provinces of Iran to estimate the prevalence and incidence of active disease and latent TB infection (LTBI) among individuals exposed to TB cases. Methods: We conducted a cohort study among adults in household contact with a pulmonary TB index case. All subjects were assessed for active disease through evaluation of symptoms. Tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) were used to define LTBI. These tests were performed at the time of the index TB case diagnosis and repeated if the previous result was negative, at three-, 12-, and 18-months post recruitment. In addition, interferon-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) concentrations were measured in QFT-Plus supernatants for all participants three months after diagnosing the index case. Results: A total of 451 individuals who had close contact with 95 active TB patients were enrolled in this study. Five (1.1) contacts were diagnosed with active TB and 285 (63.2) were identified with LTBI during our study. The incidence rate of LTBI among adult household contacts of TB index cases was 0.44 per person per year. Conclusion: The overall rate of LTBI was high. Systematic screening of all household contacts of pulmonary TB should be expanded in Iran to make the timely achievement of the global end TB strategy feasible. © 2022 The Author
A comparative study on the performance of photo/sono/peroxone processes for the removal and mineralization of reactive dye red 198 from aquatic environments
No full textColored wastewater is the most important problem of textile manufacturing factories, because it contains pollutants with complex structure and toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties which are non-biodegradable and sustainable in the environment. Reactive Red 198 (RR198) is one of the types of azo dyes which are widely used in the textile industries. Therefore, in this study, the rate of degradation and mineralization of RR198 by UV/US/H2O2/O3 hybrid process was investigated. Influencing factors including: initial dye concentration (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg/L), contact time (12.5, 30, 47.5, 65, 82.5 min), pH (3, 5, 7, 9, 11), UV (125-W), H2O2 (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/L), US (160 KHz) and O3 (33 mg/(L·min)) on the removal and mineralization efficiency of RR198 were investigated. Optimization and modeling of the process was done by CCD method. Based on the results of ANOVA analysis, most effective parameters on the RR198 removal efficiency were ozone, US, UV, time, initial dye concentration, pH, and H2O2, respectively, with an impact percentage of 96.86 and less than 1 for ozone and the rest parameters, respectively. Highest removal efficiency of RR198 was obtained by UV/US/H2O2/O3 hybrid process. Optimal conditions for dye removal including: initial dye concentration of 200 mg/L, reaction time of 34 min, H2O2 concentration of 27 mg/L and pH of seven were determined in the presence of ozone gas, UV, and US waves. In these conditions, the removal efficiency of RR198 and TOC were estimated to be 100 and 40.5, respectively. UV/US/H2O2/O3 hybrid process as an advanced oxidation process (AOP) with advantages such as high performance and speed, no sludge production and toxic residues in the treated effluent containing hard biodegradable compounds such as RR198 from aqueous solutions, so can be recommended and used. © 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Modeling the diagnosis of coronary artery disease by discriminant analysis and logistic regression: a cross-sectional study
No full textPURPOSE: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most significant cardiovascular diseases that requires accurate angiography to diagnose. Angiography is an invasive approach involving risks like death, heart attack, and stroke. An appropriate alternative for diagnosis of the disease is to use statistical or data mining methods. The purpose of the study was to predict CAD by using discriminant analysis and compared with the logistic regression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 758 cases admitted to Fatemeh Zahra Teaching Hospital (Sari, Iran) for examination and coronary angiography for evaluation of CAD in 2019. A logistics discriminant, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) model and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) were fitted for prognosis of CAD with the help of clinical and laboratory information of patients. RESULTS: Out of the 758 examined cases, 250 (32.98) cases were non-CAD and 508 (67.22) were diagnosed with CAD disease. The results indicated that the indices of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve (AUC) in the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were 78.6, 81.3, 71.3, and 81.9, respectively. The results obtained by the quadratic discriminant analysis were respectively 64.6, 88.2, 47.9, and 81. The values of the metrics in K-nearest neighbor method were 74, 77.5, 63.7, and 82, respectively. Finally, the logistic regression reached 77, 87.6, 55.6, and 82, respectively for the evaluation metrics. CONCLUSIONS: The LDA method is superior to the Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Logistic Regression (LR) methods in differentiating CAD patients. Therefore, in addition to common non-invasive diagnostic methods, LDA technique is recommended as a predictive model with acceptable accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the diagnosis of CAD. However, given that the differences between the models are small, it is recommended to use each model to predict CAD disease. © 2022. The Author(s)
Selenium Effects on Oxidative Stress-Induced Calcium Signaling Pathways in Parkinson�s Disease
No full textParkinson�s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder in which oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species productions are proposed to be involved in its pathogenesis. Despite considerable advancement in Selenium�s (Se) molecular biology and metabolism, we do not know much about the cell type-specific pattern of Se distribution in the brain of PD humans and experimental animals. Although, there is plenty of evidence around the role of Se deficiency in PD�s pathogenesis impacting lipid peroxidation and reducing glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). It has been suggested that Se has an inducible role in selenium-dependent GPX activity in PD animals and humans. However, calcium as a second messenger regulates the neuron cells� essential activities, but its overloading leads to cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, Se�s antioxidant role can affect calcium signaling and alleviate its complications. There are signs of Se and Selenoproteins incorporation in protecting stress oxidative in various pathways. In conclusion, there is convincing proof for the crucial role of Se and Calcium in PD pathogenesis. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Association of Clinical Biochemists of India
Chest CT Findings (COVID-19), Analysis of 200 Cases (Postmortem)
No full textBackground & Objective: COVID-19 was first seen in Wuhan-China in December 2019, and became a widely-spreadepidemic and caused a terrifying life-threatening problem in most societies of the world. In Iran, a declaration was made on January 20, 2020, and all health systems were alerted of the disease threats. Materials & Methods: We collected all chest CT scans of 200 cases diagnosed as COVID-19 who died in 22 hospitals of Golestan Province, Iran. All data were collected in a designed checklist, then statistical evaluation was made using descriptive analysis and Chi-Square test. Results: The most frequent complaints in patients were dyspnea (38.5), fever (15), and dry cough (13). Hypertension (22.5), Heart disease (18.5), and diabetes (15) were present as underlying diseases. CT scan findings showed Ground Glass Opacity (96), consolidation (44), pleural effusion (26.5), crazy paving (15), and cardiomegaly (15.5). Conclusion: Based on this study, hypertension as an underlying disease was significantly related to Highly Suggestive CT scans. No relation was found between cardiomegaly and death under 48 hours. Our findings Showed Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) in 192 (96), consolidation in 88 (44), crazy paving in 30 (15), cardiomegaly in 30 (15), and pleural effusion in 53 (26.5) cases. © 2022, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. All rights reserved