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Antimicrobial resistance among clinical Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 isolates: systematic review and meta-analysis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textNon-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) are nonpathogenic or asymptomatic colonizers in humans, but they may be related to intestinal or extra-intestinal (severe wound infections or sepsis) infections in immunocompromised patients.The present study aimed to evaluate the weighted pooled resistance (WPR) rates in clinical NOVC isolates based on different years, areas, quality, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), and resistance rates. We systematically searched the articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase (until January 2020). Data analyses were performed using the Stata software program (version 17). A total of 16 studies that had investigated 824 clinical NOVC isolates were included in the meta-analysis. The majority of the studies were conducted in Asia (n = 14) and followed by Africa (n = 2). The WPR rates were as follows: erythromycin 10, ciprofloxacin 5, cotrimoxazole 27, and tetracycline 13. There was an increase in resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin, norfloxacin during the period from 2000 to 2020. On the contrary, there was a decreased resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, ampicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, and neomycin during the period from 2000 to 2020. The lowest resistance rate were related to gentamicin, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol against NOVC strains. However, temporal changes in antimicrobial resistance rate were found in our study. We established continuous surveillance, careful appropriate AST, and limitations on improper antibiotic usage, which are essential, especially in low-income countries. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Assessing related factors to fasting blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes simultaneously by a multivariate longitudinal marginal model
No full textThe multivariate marginal model can be used to simultaneously examine the factors affecting both FBS and HbA1c using longitudinal data. The model fitted to multivariate longitudinal data should prevent redundant parameter estimation in order to have greater efficiency. In this study, a multivariate marginal model is used to simultaneously investigate the factors affecting both FBS and HbA1c with longitudinal data for patients with type 2 diabetes in Northern Iran. The present research is a retrospective cohort study. Overall, 500 medical records with complete information were reviewed. The multivariate marginal model is used to determine the factors associated with FBS and HbA1c using longitudinal data. Data have been analyzed in R-3.4.0 using �mmm2� package. Given that the coefficients for the interactions of rtype with the intercept, time, family history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of smoking, insulin therapy, systolic/diastolic blood pressure and duration of disease at first visit are significantly different from zero (P 0.05), indicating that their effect on the two response variables is similar and only one coefficient should be used for each. We examined the similarity of coefficients when fitting the longitudinal multivariate model for the relationship between FBS/HbA1c and sex, age, history of high blood cholesterol, and body weight. If an independent variable has similar effects on both responses, only one coefficient should be estimated, which will increase the efficiency of the model and the reliability of the results. © 2022, The Author(s)
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among urban Iranian population: findings from the second large population-based cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: The first large serosurvey in Iran found a SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence of 17.1 among the general population in the first wave of the epidemic by April, 2020. The purpose of the current study was to assess the seroprevalence of COVID-19 infection among Iranian general population after the third wave of the disease. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 7411 individuals aged �10 years old in 16 cities across 15 provinces in Iran between January and March, 2021. We randomly sampled individuals registered in the Iranian electronic health record system based on their national identification numbers and invited them by telephone to a healthcare center for data collection. Presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgM antibodies was assessed using the SARS-CoV-2 ELISA kits. The participants were also asked about their recent COVID-19-related symptoms, including cough, fever, chills, sore throat, headache, dyspnea, diarrhea, anosmia, conjunctivitis, weakness, myalgia, arthralgia, altered level of consciousness, and chest pain. The seroprevalence was estimated after adjustment for population weighting and test performance. Results: The overall population-weighted seroprevalence adjusted for test performance was 34.2 (95 CI 31.0-37.3), with an estimated 7,667,874 (95 CI 6,950,412-8,362,915) infected individuals from the 16 cities. The seroprevalence varied between the cities, from the highest estimate in Tabriz (39.2 95% CI 33.0-45.5) to the lowest estimate in Kerman (16.0% 95% CI 10.7-21.4). In the 16 cities studied, 50.9% of the seropositive individuals did not report a history of symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, implying an estimation of 3,902,948 (95% CI 3,537,760-4,256,724) asymptomatic infected individuals. Conclusions: Nearly one in three individuals were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in the studied cities by March 2021. The seroprevalence increased about two-fold between April, 2020, and March, 2021. © 2022, The Author(s)
Removal of azo red-60 dye by advanced oxidation process O3/UV from textile wastewaters using Box-Behnken design
No full textAzo red-60 dye is a type of azo dyes with complex structure, carcinogenicity and mutagenic properties that are tolerable in the environment and is discharged through the sewage of textile industries. Advanced oxidation techniques have been used to remove resistant organic compounds. Experimental design and optimization were performed by the design of experiment software using Box-Behnken Design, and its optimal conditions were determined. The effects of these parameters were tested, and the dye removal process includes the presence of ozone gas and UV (125 w) as well as the different pH values (5�10) and reaction times (10�60 min), at an initial concentration (25�100 mg/L) were investigated. The ANOVA results with a confidence level of 99 , high regression, and fitting values were obtained between the experimental degradation data of azo red-60 and the RSM predicted model. The optimum removal efficiency of 100 was obtained at conditions of an initial concentration dye of 100 mg/L and a reaction time of 60 min and pH 7.5 in the presence of ozone gas flow, and UV rays. Thus, the present study indicated by the O3/UV hybrid process with advantages such as performance and high speed can be an efficacious method for removing azo red-60 and wastewater treatment in various industries. © 2022 Elsevier B.V
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs); where do they stand in tumorigenesis and how they can change the face of cancer therapy?
No full textThe tumor microenvironment (TME) and its components have recently attracted tremendous attention in cancer treatment strategies, as alongside the genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor cells, TME could also provide a fertile background for malignant cells to survive and proliferate. Interestingly, TME plays a vital role in the mediation of cancer metastasis and drug resistance even against immunotherapeutic agents. Among different cells that are presenting in TME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have shown to have significant value in the regulation of angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and drug-resistance through manipulating the composition as well as the organization of extracellular matrix (ECM). Evidence has shown that the presence of both TAMs and CAFs in TME is associated with poor prognosis and failure of chemotherapeutic agents. It seems that these cells together with ECM form a shield around tumor cells to protect them from the toxic agents and even the adaptive arm of the immune system, which is responsible for tumor surveillance. Given this, targeting TAMs and CAFs seems to be an essential approach to potentiate the cytotoxic effects of anti-cancer agents, either conventional chemotherapeutic drugs or immunotherapies. In the present review, we aimed to take a deep look at the mechanobiology of CAFs and TAMs in tumor progression and to discuss the available therapeutic approaches for harnessing these cells in TME. © 202
In Vivo and In Vitro Anti-schistosomiasis Effect of Garlic: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: Garlic (Allium sativum) is used as a natural supplement for the treatment of various diseases and disorders because it has antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This systematic review aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo effects of garlic against Schistosoma spp. Methods: The current study was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Facility SyRF database. The literature search was conducted using five databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar, from January 2008 to January 2021. The search was restricted to articles published in the English language. Syntax was performed based on each database tag. Results: Out of 2,600 studies, 10 met the eligibility criteria for review. The examined parasite in all studies was Schistosoma mansoni. Ten studies (90%) were performed in vivo and one study in vitro. Studies have shown that garlic compounds can activate immune system factors, thereby damaging the parasite structure or its eggs. Conclusion: Given the increase in using plants in the treatment of many diseases and the fact that plants can be a good alternative to chemical drugs in many cases, more comprehensive research is needed to introduce effective medicinal plants to treat diseases such as schistosomiasis. © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers
A novel mutation in the ALS2 gene in an iranian kurdish family with juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
No full textAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare disorder that affects both upper and lower motor neurons. Mutations in Alsin Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (ALS2) correlates with three similar but distinctive syndromes, including the juvenile form of ALS. An Iranian Kurdish family was involved in this study and all members were evaluated with relevant clinical guidelines. Whole exome sequencing and sanger sequencing were applied to all family members to undermine the possible genetic factors. A substitution c. 2110 C>T (p. Arg704X) identified in the ALS2 gene. Bioinformatics analysis indicated the mutation is located in the well-conserved and functional domain of the protein. This study recognized a novel mutation in the ALS2 gene in a proband with the juvenile form of ALS. To our knowledge, this is the first identified ALS2 mutation among the Iranian population. © 2022 World Federation of Neurology on behalf of the Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases
Naringin is a promising natural compound for therapy of iron-overload disorders
No full textNaringin has been shown to exhibit satisfying iron chelation capacity. Considering the side effects of routinely-used iron chelator (desferrioxamine, DFO), we decided to evaluate the iron chelation potency of naringin to discover whether or not it can be a promising natural substitute for treatment of excessive iron-related diseases. is being used Therefore, we provided 35 mice were classified into and they were divided into 5 five groups of 7 and subjected to iron dextran administration to induce the iron-overload condition. Iron-overloaded mice were then threated with normal saline (as control), naringin or DFO (n=7). Group A treated by normal saline, the others treated with iron dextran. After that group A and B treated with normal slaine, group C received desferal, group D and E received high and low dose of naringin respectively. Morphology changes, and iron deposition in liver tissues were studied using H&E and Perl�s staining.after The results revealed that naringin is more potent thant DFO in removing excessive iron ions deposited in liver tissues, indicating indication that naringin is a promising natural compound for therapy of iron overload disorders. © 2022, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas (Biblioteca). All rights reserved
Accuracy of Iranian Cameriere and Willems methods for estimating dental age in a population of Iranian children
No full textAge estimation methods based on dental radiographs are of the most accurate and popular methods for age estimation. The accuracy of these methods might vary between different ethnic groups. Therefore, the present study was performed in order to evaluate and update the Cameriere dental age estimation method in a population of Iranian children and compare it with the Willems dental age estimation method. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed, using dental records and digital dental panoramic radiographs of 110 six- to 12-year-old patients (55 girls and 55 boys). In order to assess the accuracy of both methods, the difference between the estimated dental age and the Chronological age was calculated and compared. Results of the present study showed Willems method overestimated the age and the updated Iranian Cameriere method underestimated the age, but the over/underestimations were not significant, except for the boys in Willems group. Both Willems dental age estimation (WDA) and Iranian Cameriere dental age estimation (ICDA) methods were applicable in the selected population of Iranian children, although the WDA estimations were less accurate, especially for boys. © 2022 Canadian Society of Forensic Science