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Effect of Green Tea Powder on Physicochemical Properties and Glycemic Potential of Sponge Cake
No full textGreen tea powder (GTP) is rich in polyphenolic compounds, most particularly catechins. The effects of partial replacement of flour with GTP (10, 20, and 30) on physicochemical properties, glycemic potential, and sensory attributes were investigated. Results showed a significant reduction in the moisture content, volume, and porosity of sample cakes with the increase in the GTP levels (P�0.05). The utilization of GTP led to a harder texture and also darker color of sponge cake. The study showed that sponge cakes with good sensory attributes can be produced by the replacement of flour with 10 of GTP. Moreover, the glycemic potential and free radical scavenging activity of sample cakes improved as the GTP replacement increased (P�0.05). GTP at 10 replacement level is recommended as it is very effective in improving the antioxidant properties, sensory attributes, and also glycemic potential. © 2022 Mana Mashkour et al
Facile method to covalently-jointed ZnO-NPs with Chitosan by using GPTMS: a new strategy to decrease the cytotoxicity of ZnO-NPs
No full textIn the present study, a combination of Zinc Oxide- (3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane- Chitosan (ZnO-GPTMS-CS) nano-hybrid were fabricated by modifying the surface of ZnO-NPs and combining it with CS to investigate the influence of surface modification on the thermal stability and cell viability of the nanoparticles. The properties of the prepared samples including surface modification of ZnO-NPs (ZnO-GPTMS-NPs) and the ZnO-GPTMS-CS nano-hybrid were investigated by different techniques. The ZnO-GPTMS-CS nano-hybrid exhibited high thermal stability in comparison to CS and modified ZnO (ZnO-GPTMS). Moreover, the cytotoxicity assay showed that ZnO-GPTMS-CS nano-hybrid had excellent cell viability compared to ZnO-NPs and ZnO-GPTMS in different concentrations. Especially considered in regard to 50 μg/ml of nano-hybrid, cell survival remained more than 90 after 48 hours of incubation. Thus, the results indicated that ZnO-NPs reacted with GPTMS and CS has a great potential to be used in biological applications. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
How do people with neurofibromatosis type 1 (the forgotten victims) live? A grounded theory study
No full textBackground: Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a rare genetic disorder, associated with some physical symptoms including spots and tiny bumps on the skin, and internal organ involvement. People suffering from neurofibromatosis face various challenges in their daily lives. However, there is little understanding on how patients deal with neurofibromatosis. This study aimed to investigate the life challenges of patients with NF1. Methods: This qualitative study was performed by implementing a grounded theory with the cooperation of the Society for Neurofibromatosis Patients over the course of 15 months in 2019 across 4 provinces in Iran. Twenty-four patients with NF1 were interviewed. An analysis was performed using the constant comparative method. Findings: The results of the analyses indicated that the major concern of the NF1 patients was feelings of failure and falling behind in life. In the face of failure in life in such a context, patients used the main strategy of �unsuccessful struggle to escape� the disease and its complications, which was represented itself in the forms of �hopelessness and impatience�, �suicidal thoughts and unsuccessful suicide attempts�, �isolation and seclusion�, �expressing complaints and grievances to God�, �hiding the disease� and �hopelessness and refusing to receive care�. The implementation of such strategies helped patients reduce tension and achieve a temporary, though vulnerable and fragile, sense of relief and peace. Conclusion: Given an unfavourable life condition, NF1 patients turned to a harmful passive strategy in the face of the challenges posed by the disease. Patient or Public Contribution: Public contributors were active partners throughout, and co-authored the paper. © 2022 The Authors. Health Expectations published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
A Post-Marketing Surveillance Study to Evaluate the Safety Profile of Alvotere� (Docetaxel) in Iranian Patients Diagnosed with Different Types of Cancers Receiving Chemotherapy
No full textBackground: Docetaxel is a clinically well established antimitotic chemotherapy medication. Labeled docetaxel indications are breast cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, non�small cell lung cancer, and prostate cancer. Objective: This is a Phase IV study to evaluate the safety profile of docetaxel (Alvotere; NanoAlvand, Iran) in Iranian patients diagnosed with different types of cancers receiving chemotherapy regimens with docetaxel. Methods: Patients who received Alvotere as a part of their chemotherapy regimen were enrolled in this Phase IV, observational, multicenter, open-label study. Alvotere was administrated as a single agent or in combination with other chemotherapy agents. Safety parameters in each cycle were assessed, and the related data were recorded in booklets. Findings: A total of 411 patients with different types of cancers were enrolled from 25 centers in Iran. The most common malignancies among participants were breast cancer (49.88), followed by gastric cancer (22.63). Participants� mean age was 53.33 years, and the mean total dose used in each cycle was 132 mg. According to the results, 341 patients experienced at least 1 adverse event, that the most common was alopecia (41.12). In total, 92 (22.38) patients had at least 1 adverse event of grade 3 or 4, and 25 (6.08) patients showed 54 serious adverse events, which the causality assessment for all was possibly related to Alvotere. There was a significant difference between men and women in the incidence of skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (55.63 in women vs 41.73 in men; P = 0.009). Also, the incidence of gastrointestinal disorders, nervous system disorders, skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, hepatic enzymes increase, and fluid retention was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients receiving anthracyclines in their chemotherapy regimens. Conclusions: The findings of this open-label, observational, multicenter, postmarketing surveillance showed that Alvotere appears to have an acceptable safety profile in Iranian cancer patients receiving chemotherapeutic regimens. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2022; 82:XXX�XXX) © 2022 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. © 202
Comment on �Stress Decreases Host Viral Resistance and Increases Covid Susceptibility in Embryonic Stem Cells�
No full textEvaluating the efficacy of extracted squalene from seed oil in the form of microemulsion for the treatment of COVID-19: A clinical study
No full textThis study investigates the effect of the nanostructure of squalene in the form of microemulsion on COVID-19 patients. In this blinded clinical trial, a comparison was made between the efficacy of squalene treatment and controls. A total of 30 COVID-19 patients admitted to the emergency department, and the infection ward was equally allocated to case (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups according to their age and underlying diseases. The baseline characteristics of subjects, including age, gender, time of treatment onset, underlying condition, white blood cells count, and lymphocyte count were similar (p < 0.05). Baseline laboratory tests and computed tomography (CT) scans were performed for the study groups. The treatment group received 5 mg of intravenous squalene twice a day and standard treatment for 6 days, while controls received only standard treatment. After 6 days of treatment, clinical and CT scan changes were evaluated and compared in intervention and control groups. The need for oxygen therapy (p = 0.020), 2 days of no fever (p = 0.025), cough alleviation (p = 0.010), and lung high-resolution computed tomography improvement (p = 0.033) were significantly different between cases and controls within 7 days of admission. No adverse effects were observed in the treatment group. Our data suggest that squalene could be considered as a potential treatment for COVID-19, and further studies are required to confirm the results. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LL
Histopathological damage and stress- and immune-related genes' expression in the intestine of common carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to copper and polyvinyl chloride microparticle
No full textThe present study aimed at assessing the singular and combined effects of water copper and polyvinyl chloride microplastic (MPVC) on intestinal copper accumulation, histopathological damage, and stress-/immune-related genes' expression in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Four groups of fish were maintained in triplicate: control (kept in clean water), Cu (exposed to 0.25 mg/L of copper), MPVC (exposed to 0.5 mg/L of MPVC), and Cu-MPVC (exposed to 0.25 mg/L of copper + 0.5 mg/L of MPVC). After 14-day exposure, the fish of Cu and Cu-MPVC treatments exhibited significantly higher intestinal copper contents, compared to the fish of control and MPVC treatments. In this regard, the Cu-MPVC fish had significantly higher copper content than the Cu fish. Exposure to copper and/or MPVC significantly upregulated the intestinal heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (cyp1a1), lysozyme (lys), defensin (def), mucin 2 (muc2), and mucin 5 (muc5) expression. The highest expression of hsp70, cyp1a1, lys, and def was related to Cu-MPVC treatment; whereas, the highest expression of muc2 and muc5 was observed in Cu and MPVC treatments. Exposure to copper and/or MPVC induced intestinal damage, which Cu-MPVC fish exhibited the highest severity. The present study revealed that exposure to copper and/or MPVC causes intestinal histopathological damage and upregulation in stress- and immune-related genes' expression. The most serious effects were observed in Cu-MPVC treatment that might be due to additive effects of copper and MPVC and/or higher copper accumulation in this treatment. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LL
Anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin-loaded niosomes on respiratory syncytial virus infection in a mice model
No full textRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in paediatrics. While antivirals are apparent candidates to treat RSV-induced diseases, they have not yet met expectations and have remained in infancy. There is growing evidence to suggest that modulating the exacerbated inflammation during RSV infection can improve disease outcome. Curcumin-loaded niosomes have anti-inflammatory effects against RSV-induced respiratory disease by reducing immune cells' infiltration and inflammatory cytokines' production. This study evaluated the effects of curcumin-loaded niosomes on RSV-induced immunopathology in a mice model. Curcumin-loaded niosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and characterized in vitro. Female Balb/c mice were infected by RSV-A2 and treated daily with curcumin-loaded niosomes. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin-loaded niosomes were evaluated on day 5 after infection. Using curcumin-loaded niosomes decreased immune cell influx and the inflammatory mediators (MIP-1α, TNF-α and IFN-γ) production in the lung, resulting in alleviated lung pathology following RSV infection. These findings indicate that curcumin-loaded niosomes have anti-inflammatory potential and could be a promising candidate to alleviate RSV-associated immunopathology
Global status of antimicrobial resistance among environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1/O139: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 were the predominant circulating serogroups exhibiting multi-drug resistance (MDR) during the cholera outbreak which led to cholera treatment failures. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the weighted pooled resistance (WPR) rates in V. cholerae O1/O139 isolates obtained from environmental samples. Methods: We systematically searched the articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase (until January 2020). Subgroup analyses were then employed by publication year, geographic areas, and the quality of studies. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software (ver. 14.0). Results: A total of 20 studies investigating 648 environmental V. cholerae O1/O139 isolates were analysed. The majority of the studies were originated from Asia (n = 9). In addition, a large number of studies (n = 15 i.e. 71.4) included in the meta-analysis revealed the resistance to cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin. The WPR rates were as follows: cotrimoxazole 59, erythromycin 28, tetracycline 14, doxycycline 5, and ciprofloxacin 0. There was increased resistance to nalidixic acid, cotrimoxazole, furazolidone, and tetracycline while a decreased resistance to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, streptomycin, and ceftriaxone was observed during the years 2000�2020. A significant decrease in the doxycycline and ciprofloxacin-resistance rates in V. cholerae O1/O139 isolates was reported over the years 2011�2020 which represents a decrease in 2001�2010 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Fluoroquinolones, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, doxycycline, kanamycin, and cefotaxime showed the highest effectiveness and the lowest resistance rate. However, the main interest is the rise of antimicrobial resistance in V. cholerae strains especially in low-income countries or endemic areas, and therefore, continuous surveillance, careful appropriate AST, and limitation on improper antibiotic usage are crucial. © 2022, The Author(s)
Lead poisoning among asymptomatic individuals with a long-term history of opiate use in Golestan Cohort Study
No full textBackground: Recent reports of lead poisoning suggest that people who use opium may be exposed to high amounts of lead. Here, we investigate the association between opium use and blood lead levels (BLL) in a population-based cohort study. Methods: In 2017, we studied a random sample of 410 people who currently (both within the past year and the past month) used opium and 104 who did not from participants of the Golestan Cohort Study in northeast Iran. Participants were stratified by sex and tobacco use history, completed a comprehensive opiate and tobacco use questionnaire and provided blood. BLL was measured by Lead Care® II Blood Lead Test Kit, validated by inductively coupled plasma triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. BLL was categorized as �<5 µg/dL�, �elevated� (5-10 µg/dL), �high� (10-50 µg/dL), and �very high� (above 50 µg/dL). To assess the association between BLL categories and opiate use, route of consumption and weekly use, we used ordered logistic regression models, and report OR (odds ratio) and 95 CI (confidence interval) adjusted for age, sex, place of residence, education, occupation, household fuel type, and tobacco use. Results: In the cohort, participants used only raw (teriak) or refined (shireh) opium, which were smoked (45, n = 184), taken orally (46, n = 189), or both (9, n = 37), for a mean duration of 24.2 (standard deviation: 11.6) years. The median BLL was significantly higher in people who currently used opium (11.4 µg/dL; IQR: 5.2-23.4) compared with those who did not (2.3 µg/dL; IQR: 2.3-4.2), and the highest median BLL was seen in oral use (21.7 µg/dL; IQR: 12.1-34.1). The BLL was <5 µg/dL among 79.8 of people with no opiate use, compared with only 22.7 in those using opium. BLL was elevated in 21.7, high in 50.5 and very high in 5.1 of people using opium. About 95 of those with oral (180/189) or dual use (35/37) and 55 (102/184) of those who smoked opium had levels of blood lead above 5 µg/dL. The OR for the association between any opium use and each unit of increase in BLL category was 10.5 (95CI: 5.8-19.1), and oral use of opium was a very strong predictor of increasing BLL category (OR=74.1; 95CI: 35.1-156.3). This odds ratio was 38.8 (95CI: 15.9-95.1) for dual use and 4.9 (95CI: 2.6-9.1) for opium smoking. There was an independent dose-response association between average weekly dose and BLL among people using opium, overall and when stratified by route of use. Conclusion: Our results indicate that regular use of lead-adulterated opium can expose individuals to high levels of lead, which may contribute to mortality and cancer risks associated with long-term opium use. © 202