Journals of Universitas Sangga Buana
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Differential effects of Self-initiation on Working Memory versus Short term memory
No full textWe have previously shown that self-initiation improves accuracy in visual Short Term Memory (STM) (Loyola-Navarro et al., 2021). Nevertheless, we don't know if these results are generalizable to Working Memory (WM) tasks, since our previous design has little ecological validity, and thus our results are not easily generalizable. Besides, it is not clear whether this effect is multimodal, or if it is specific to the visual domain.
To prove if self-initiation improves STM and WM, we will recruit undergrade students and ask them to engage in two Digit Span experiments with varying initiation styles (i.e. encoding). We designed two initiation styles: Automatic (Auto) and Self-initiated presentation. Auto consisted of the automatic presentation of the digits, 550 ms after a cue. Self-initiated consisted of the presentation of the digits 550 ms after the subject pressed the spacebar. To asses the multimodality of the effect, stimulus will be presented in the visual and auditory modality. Experiment 1 will assess the efects of initiation styles and sensory modality using a Forward Digit Span task, while in Experiment 2 we will use a Backward Digit Span task. The experiments will involve a 2x2 factorial repeated measures design.
We will assess the effects of self-initiation and sensory modalities on Accuracy (proportion of correct answers) and Response times using two Generalized Linear Mixed Models per experiment.
Pilot data retrieved from 19 undergraduate students shows no effect of initiation style nor modality on Forward Digit Span Accuracy, while an effect of initiation style on Backward Digit Span Acurracy in the visual modality only
Willingness to participate in medical research: Unravelling the roles of scientific literacy and beliefs about medical researchers
No full textThere is limited research on how scientific literacy is associated with individuals’ willingness to participate in medical research. Therefore, this study aims to investigate this issue more closely. It focuses on whether greater scientific literacy is associated with a higher willingness to participate in medical research. Higher trust in medical researchers and lower endorsement of conspiracy beliefs about medical researchers are expected to mediate these associations
Internal Structure Validation of a New Measure for Commitment to Informational Privacy
No full textWith our study, we validate a newly developed Rasch scale measuring an individual's commitment to informational privacy. This measure targets behaviour that typically leaves some digital remnants (e.g., in e-commerce, e-banking, e-healthcare, etc.). The Commitment to Informational Privacy Scale (CIP) consists of 50 self-reports of behaviour (58 in our current study) that people engage in to protect their informational privacy (e.g., "I pay cash" or "I use a search engine that promises more data security than Google").
In the early 2000s, people’s concern for their privacy was considered a main obstacle for the success of e-commerce (Malhotra et al., 2004). Whereas e-commerce is nowadays widely used, an individual's propensity to protect personal data and to control who has access to it, might still be an obstacle for technological innovations, such as smart-meters (see, e.g., Zeadally et al., 2013). As people seem, however, to profess personal opinions and views without acting upon these views—called the "attitude-behaviour gap", but also the "privacy paradox" (Norberg et al., 2007)—privacy concern measurement, especially when based on opinion polls, seems a rather futile endeavour. To overcome this attitude-behaviour gap, Kaiser and colleagues (e.g., Kaiser & Byrka, 2015; Kaiser et al., 2010) suggested to measure people’s commitment to a particular goal based on the behavioural means required for goal attainment.
At the same time, any engagement in behaviour involves, figuratively speaking, costs. Voicing concern about data security violations is easy—it comes with little to no costs. Implementing and upholding behaviour to protect personal data (such as refraining from using social media or paying money for apps that ensure data protection) is arguably more demanding because it requires personal sacrifices (see also Kaiser & Wilson, 2004).
Psychological scales based on self-reports of behaviour that take advantage of the distinct costs of behaviour have been shown to reliably measure people’s commitment to environmental protection (i.e., people’s environmental attitude: see Kaiser & Wilson, 2019). In several studies, such measures of people’s environmental attitude have already been proven prognostic for manifest environmental protection behaviour (see, e.g., Kaiser et al., 2020; Taube et al., 2018). In previous studies, we developed a formally analogous attitude scale to measure people's commitment to informational privacy.
In this study, we test our theoretical assumptions about what defines commitment to informational privacy and how it manifests in people depending on how committed they are. We assume that, depending on how important people consider their informational privacy, their attitudes are developed in different levels and are reflected in different behaviours (cf. Kaiser & Lange, 2023/in press).
0) On the lowest level are people who do not care about informational privacy. If they nevertheless show privacy-protecting behaviours, it is probably because these are less burdensome than the alternatives.
1) At the first genuine attitude level, people care about their informational privacy and express this concern verbally. However, this does not mean that they are willing to go to any inconvenience to protect their privacy.
2) At level 2, privacy is a relevant issue for a person and is also taken into account in everyday life. This means that people use the data-protected options within services or systems that they use anyway (e.g., limiting privacy settings) without having to accept cuts in their lifestyle.
3) At level 3, the protection of informational privacy is part of the person's identity. Accordingly, people at this level are also willing to go new, sometimes costly ways to protect their privacy.
4) At the highest level, the protection of informational privacy is a personal life goal. Individuals at this level make fundamental life decisions based on the protection of their privacy and are willing to sacrifice a lot in their daily lives to protect their informational privacy.
Furthermore, we test whether our instrument (i.e., the CIP) operates as a Rasch scale. We seek to replicate our findings regarding the scale's objectivity, reliability, and validity by investigating model fit, differential item functioning, and the relationship with an established measure of privacy concern. We additionally test whether people's commitment to informational privacy (assessed by the CIP) accounts for manifest behaviour (that is critical for goal attainment)
Political Tolerance in Ukraine
No full textIn the aftermath of a divisive conflict, restoring political tolerance and national unity becomes a critical but challenging task. An essential aspect of this process is understanding civilian attitudes towards individuals who are perceived to have collaborated with the enemy. This paper draws on theories of citizenship, volition, and nationalism to examine how civilians evaluate collaborators and, specifically, whether they seek to deprive them of fundamental civil rights. Our argument posits that the degree of betrayal of the obligations of citizenship during the war, as well as the subsequent expression of loyalty to the nation, determines how collaborators are assessed. To test our hypotheses, we conducted an original survey experiment with 2,100 respondents in Ukraine in May 2023. The results of this study can offer insights into the difficulties of overcoming divisions and polarization in Ukraine and creating a united national identity post-war
Not a Pipe: Local Assignments between Symbols and Discourse Referents
No full textHuman communication often involves local assignments between perceptually available objects and entities that are currently under discussion (discourse referents). This structure is exploited in many communicative media such as pretend play, puppet shows, diagrams, and animations. In previous experiments, we found that 14-to-16-month-old infants can map a familiar conceptual description (e.g., “dog”) to an arbitrary visual object (e.g., a triangle) based on labeling. In the current looking time study, we are investigating whether infants also recruit their conceptual knowledge when accepting that a circle stands for a known type of entity. In particular, we are interested whether infants’ looking time differs depending on whether the symbol labeled as an inanimate entity ("spoon") moves towards the symbol labeled as an animate entity ("dog") than vice versa
Exploring the art of teaching the fundamentals of nursing: a scoping review protocol
No full textObjective: The objective of this scoping review is to map the existing literature on the teaching the fundamentals of nursing, including the teaching strategies and methods used, the topics covered when teaching fundamentals of nursing in nursing education and practice. The scoping review aims to provide an overview of the available evidence and identify gaps in the literature, as well as to provide recommendations for future research and implications for nursing education and practice.
Introduction: Teaching fundamentals of nursing is a crucial aspect of nursing education that helps to ensure competent and safe patient care. While there is existing literature on teaching strategies and topics related to fundamentals of nursing, a scoping review is needed to map the current state of knowledge in this area.
Inclusion criteria: This scoping review will consider both primary, secondary research and grey literature related to teaching methods, strategies, and approaches to teach fundamental of nursing for undergraduate nursing students. The review will be limited to studies published in English and Arabic within the past 12 years. The review concept will focus on methods, strategies, and approaches used to teach the fundamentals of nursing course, and studies from various educational and clinical settings. There will be no geographical restrictions.
Methods: The proposed scoping review will adhere to JBI guidelines. The search will be conducted using several databases, including MEDLINE, CINHAL, Scopus, the Directory of Open Access Journals, Informit, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. The PRISMA-ScR extension will be utilized to document the search process. Two reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles, and relevant data will be extracted using an extraction table to facilitate data analysis.
Keywords: Evidence Synthesis-Fundamentals of nursing-Nursing-PRISMA-ScR- Scoping Revie
Design for skills transfer; a summative evaluation
No full textThis study is embedded in the context of the design of a mobile suite of evidence-based exercises to help students navigate challenges during their university experience and refine their emotion regulation skills (the ROOM app). The ROOM app includes design elements and interactions that are aimed at facilitating the transfer of learning. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of these elements on (1) usage of the tool, (2) usage of the techniques and exercises outside of the tool, (3) changes in emotional regulation skills and (4) subjective experiences. To do so we will conduct an experimental study. Participants will be randomized into two groups: the control group will use version B of the ROOM app and the experimental group will use version A (which is identical except that it includes transfer elements). Usage data, self-reports of weekly activities, and emotional regulation skills will be assessed and compared for each group
Perspective of Player A in the transport game (Pilot)
No full textThis experiment is part of a project that examines the role of perspective-taking in coalition formation.
In a previous study, participants played a coalition formation game called the Transport Game. The game involved three logistics companies, namely A, B, and C, with A carrying 4 tons, B carrying 3 tons, and C carrying 2 tons. The objective was to form a coalition of at least 5 tons to share a large truck and earn a monetary reward. The negotiation process required participants to decide who they wanted to share the truck with and how they would split the reward. The study revealed that individuals who reported a higher disposition to engage in perspective-taking during the negotiation were more likely to be included in the winning coalition and obtained a greater amount of money compared to those who reported engaging less in perspective-taking. However, a significant limitation of the study was its correlational design, which precluded establishing causality. Consequently, the present experiment aims to investigate the causal role of perspective-taking in coalition formation.
In the present experiment, participants will be organized into triads and randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In the perspective-taking condition, player A will receive instructions to adopt the perspective of the other players before initiating the negotiation process. Conversely, in the egocentric condition, player A will be instructed to focus solely on their own perspective. Both conditions will ensure that players B and C receive neutral instructions, equalizing the cognitive load. These neutral instructions will prompt them to independently determine their own approach during the negotiation, without further specifications
Community-based older people education program effects on empathy, emotional intelligence, and caring behaviors among nursing students: A Scoping Review
No full textEmpathy and emotional intelligence are the most personalities that influence the quality of nursing care, consequently, elicit better-caring behaviors. They are crucial because they encourage prosocial behaviors like assisting, cooperating, and sharing. The education on empathy, emotional intelligence, and caring behavior among nursing students in China is not highly valued. A standard community-based older people education program is a practical approach for undergraduate nursing students to observe the caring casual works in the community. By helping older people, they cultivate a positive attitude toward their practice settings and the aged population. This research project aims to develop a structured community-based older people education program with the theoretical framework of Watson’s Theory of Human Caring and Vygotsky’s theory “Zone o Proximal Development”. The structured community-based older people education program is a gerontological nursing educational innovation to improve nursing students’ empathy, emotional intelligence, and caring behavior level. Additionally, the purpose of this project is to provide insights to the level of nursing students’ empathy, emotional intelligence, and caring behavior, and the relations between them. A pilot study compromised with the Baccalaureate Nursing Education Program is designed with consecutive sampling method. The data for this project will be collected through online questionnaire tools at various timelines, both in the control group and the intervention group with follow-up
