Journals of Universitas Sangga Buana
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Mandatory Private Treaty Application? On the Alleged Duty of Arbitrators to Apply International Conventions, in: Patricia Shaugnessy/SherlinTung (eds.), The Powers and Duties of an Arbitrator: Liber Amicorum Pierre A. Karrer, 2017
No full textInternational arbitration, an institution that Pierre Karrer has shaped and influenced
through his practical work as a leading international arbitrator as well as through his
scholarly writings, aims at the peaceful settlement of disputes by practical, foreseeable
and reasonably fast decisions, thereby eventually serving the development of international
trade. The creation of uniform commercial law by way of international
conventions is driven by a very similar aim, namely the removal of legal barriers in and
the promotion of the development of international trade through the adoption of
uniform rules governing international contracts. International arbitration and uniform
law conventions generally act in a complementary manner by following reasonably
consistent policy norms, one as a means of international dispute settlement, the other by creating an international ‘level playing field’ in the law governing the merit of
disputes
The flash-lag, Fröhlich and related motion illusions are artifacts of discrete sampling in the visual system
No full textThe Fröhlich effect and flash-lag effect, in which moving objects appear advanced along their trajectories compared to their actual positions, have defied a simple and consistent explanation. Here, we show that these illusions can be understood as a natural consequence of temporal compression in the human visual system. Discrete sampling at some stage of sensory perception has long been considered, and if it were true, it would necessarily lead to these illusions of motion. We show that the discrete perception hypothesis, with a single free parameter, the perceptual moment or sampling rate, can quantitatively explain all of the scenarios of the Fröhlich and flash-lag effects. We interpret discrete perception as the implementation of data compression in the brain, and our conscious perception as the reconstruction of the compressed input
PDF and DOC versions of LEXTALE_CH
No full textPDF and DOC versions of LEXTALE_CH (formatted for paper administration of the test). The test is provided in two versions, with instructions in either English or (Simplified) Chinese; the answer key to both is provided in English. An additional document shows the item labels (numeric indices in the image filenames, i.e. 'XYZ' in '...itemXYZ.png') of the items in the test. Details regarding the development and validation of the test are reported in Chan and Chang (2018, "LEXTALE_CH: A quick, character-based proficiency test for Mandarin Chinese", Proceedings of BUCLD 42)
Revisiting the Link between Social Categorization and Prejudice: New Evidence for an Old Assumption
No full textThe validity of the online thought-probing procedure of mind wandering is not threatened by variations of probe rate and probe framing
No full textRecently, there has been a surge of interest in the measurement of mind-wandering during ongoing tasks. The frequently used online thought-probing procedure (OTPP), in which individuals are probed on whether their thoughts are on-task or not while performing an ongoing task, has repeatedly been criticized, because variations in the frequency of thought probes and the order in which on-task and off-task thoughts are referred to have been shown to affect mind-wandering rates. Hitherto, it is unclear whether this susceptibility to measurement variation only affects mean response rates in probe-caught mind-wandering or poses an actual threat to the validity of the OTPP, endangering the replicability and generalizability of study results. Here we show in a sample of 177 students that variations of the frequency or framing of thought probes do not affect the validity of the OTPP. While we found that more frequent thought probing reduced the rate of probe-caught mind-wandering, we did not replicate the effect that mind-wandering is more likely to be reported when off-task thoughts are referred to first rather than second. Crucially, associations between probe-caught mind-wandering and task performance, as well as associations between probe-caught mind-wandering and covariates (trait mind-wandering, reaction-time variability in the metronome-response task, working-memory capacity) did not change with variations of the probing procedure. Therefore, it seems unlikely that the great heterogeneity in the way the OTPP is implemented across different studies endangers the replicability and generalizability of study results. Data and analysis code are available at https://osf.io/7w8bm/
Do red objects enhance sexual attractiveness? No evidence from two large replications
No full textColor has been argued to exert a powerful effect on motivation and behavior. This has led researchers, most notably in social psychology, to examine the effects of color on perceptions of (sexual) attractiveness. Building on a body of work on the ‘romantic red effect’, Lin (2014) found evidence that the color of a laptop influenced ratings of a woman’s sexual attractiveness. If this holds true, then color effects could have profound importance for the marketing of consumer products such as laptops. Here we present two replications, one in the Netherlands and one in China, investigating whether red products increase perceived attractiveness. Across two studies, totaling 481 participants, we found no support for the claim that red products enhance sexual attractiveness. We discuss the implications for research on color and attractiveness and its implications for consumer research
Guilt and Shame Proneness (GASP) Scale
No full textCohen, T. R., Wolf, S. T., Panter, A. T., & Insko, C. A. (2011). Introducing the GASP scale: A new measure of guilt and shame proneness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 947-966. doi: 10.1037/a0022641.
Published version available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0022641
Although scholars agree that moral emotions are critical for deterring unethical and antisocial behavior, there is disagreement about how two prototypical moral emotions—guilt and shame—should be defined, differentiated, and measured. We addressed these issues by developing a new assessment—the Guilt And Shame Proneness scale (GASP)—that measures individual differences in the propensity to experience guilt and shame across a range of personal transgressions. The GASP contains two guilt subscales that assess negative behavior-evaluations (NBEs) and repair action tendencies following private transgressions and two shame subscales that assess negative self-evaluations (NSEs) and withdrawal action tendencies following publically-exposed transgressions. Both guilt subscales were highly correlated with one another and negatively correlated with unethical decision making. Although both shame subscales were associated with relatively poor psychological functioning (e.g., neuroticism, personal distress, low self-esteem), they were only weakly correlated with one another and their relationships with unethical decision making diverged. Whereas shame-NSE constrained unethical decision making, shame-withdraw did not. Our findings suggest that differentiating the tendency to make negative self-evaluations following publically-exposed transgressions from the tendency to hide or withdraw from public is critically important for understanding and measuring dispositional shame proneness. The GASP’s ability to distinguish these two classes of responses represents an important advantage of the scale over existing assessments. Although further validation research is required, the present studies are promising in that they suggest the GASP has the potential to be an important measurement tool for detecting individuals susceptible to corruption and unethical behavior