Journals of Universitas Sangga Buana
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Consciousness and Reality: Dynamic Existence
No full textEverything is in motion. "Inertness" arises from (approximative) repetition, that is, through rotation or an alternation that delineates a focus of consciousness. This focus of consciousness, in turn, must also move/alternate (the two differ only in continuity). If its alternation seems to go too far - physically, psychically or intellectually - it reaches into the subconscious. In this way, interconnection is established by the alternation of the focus of consciousness. Therefore, in a world in which everything is interconnected, all focuses must reciprocally transition into each other. "Reality" is a common "goal", a focus which all participants can switch into and which is conscious to them as such, as a potential one. Its "degree of reality" is the probability of its fully becoming conscious (or more simply: its current degree of consciousness). Thus, a reality is created when all participants increase its probability or, respectively, their consciousness of it
Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff for Simon Task - Midpoint Violation Exploration
No full textThe purpose of this study is to gain insight into the process of cognitive control, particularly on the stability of the controlled process's time course in relation to conditions where the automatic process infringes more (incongruent and congruent trials). This study follows a similar format of two previous studies, one with the flanker task and one with the Numeric Stroop task. The use of the Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff with a conflict task (The Dot Simon Task) theoretically allows for the criterion for a response to be shifted, resulting in different measurements along the same/similar function. Thus, we hope to use this data to check the linearity and constant proportion assumptions commonly used in modeling conflict tasks
The role of moral evaluation on causal judgments (Study 1)
No full textBlame validation refers to an asymmetry of judgment observed in layperson when estimating the main cause of a (fictitious) incident (i.e., causal selection), depending on their evaluation (positive, negative) of the agent involved (i.e., for the same course of action, a negatively evaluated agent is considered more as the main cause of the event as compared to a positively evaluated agent). This bias linked to causal judgment has been observed in a large number of studies (e.g., Alicke, 1992; Alicke et al., 2008; Alicke et al., 2011; Lagnado & Channon, 2008; Rogers et al., 2019). However, the precise emergence conditions for blame validation remain unknown ; further, different people possibly react differently to such situations.
The purpose of the present project is to study the validation of blame through a study manipulating the description of the agent (positive, negative) and the causal structure of the event (presence of a weak connection, no causal connection). Exploratory analyses will target how reasoning style shape validation of blame
Preregistration: Revisiting the logic in language - Experiment 4
No full textThe results of the previous experiments in this project suggest that priming of logical representations emerges between universal quantifiers, but this priming is modulated by experimental design. The results indicate that priming between universal quantifiers emerges if the participant is presented with different universal quantifiers in the prime trials, but not if the participant is presented with only one prime quantifier (as suggested by the results of Experiment 1 vs. Experiment 2).
Initially, we hypothesized that priming between quantifiers may be dependent on the presence of an experimental condition in which logical representations are primed within the same quantifier. However, the results of Experiment 3 do not confirm this hypothesis: Priming also emerges if the participants are presented with multiple between-quantifier conditions but no within-quantifier condition. Therefore, priming between quantifiers seems to depend on the presence of a diversity of prime quantifiers in the prime trials, but not necessarily on the presence of a within-quantifier condition.
In Experiment 4, we will test directly test this hypothesis in another Dutch sentence-picture matching task. This experiment involves a Prime Quantifier Number manipulation. Half of the participants will be presented with only one universal quantifier ('iedere'; ‘every’) in the primes, which is not the same as the universal quantifier in the targets (which contain 'elke'; ‘every’). The other half of the participants will be presented both with primes that contain 'iedere' and primes that contain 'alle' (‘all’). The target sentences in this condition also contain 'elke', so any priming observed in this experiment is priming between quantifiers.
We expect that priming is stronger if the participants are presented with primes with both 'iedere' and 'alle' compared to if the participants are only presented with primes with 'iedere': The participants are presented with a diversity of prime quantifiers in the first case but not in the second case (note that this latter condition is essentially a replication of the iedere-elke condition in Experiment 1, where we did not observe priming)
Domain-Specific Associations between Relationship Satisfaction and Wellbeing
No full textThis project is an extension of a previously preregistered study (https://osf.io/32e8h/?view_only=443732e50bd54a40a2a0f0ecce922eb3).
The current study entails the use of a portion of data not yet explored by the preregistered study to examine domain-specific hypotheses on the association between wellbeing and relationship satisfaction.
We are registering the hypotheses and analyses to be conducted. None of the data for domain-specific variables has been examined previously to answer the set of hypotheses we are now preregistering
Inclusive Culture and Situational Affordances
No full textThis is a preregistration for Inclusion Culture and Situational Affordances
The influence of social role information on double standards in gender rules
No full textThe current study investigates whether social role information affects people's double standards in prescriptive (what men and women should be) and proscriptive (what men and women should not be) gender rules.
Former research by Rudman and colleagues (2012) found that prescriptive and proscriptive gender rules are aligned with social status. Specifically, their findings indicate that U.S. respondents endorse a clear set of gender rules for men, thinking men should be high in status and cannot be low in status, whereas gender rules for women are less closely tied to social status. Further, a large-scale study across 62 nations documented a double standard in gender rules such that people more strongly endorsed prescriptive (“shoulds”) and proscriptive (“should nots”) gender rules for men than for women (Bosson et al., 2022).
However, whether gender rules are influenced by the social roles men and women take on or not remains unknown. It has been shown that social role information can override the influence of descriptive gender stereotypes on person perceptions. That is, regardless of gender, women and men in female-dominated occupations were perceived as similarly communal and women and men in male-dominated occupations were perceived as similarly agentic (Bosak et al., 2012; Gustafsson Sendén et al., 2020). Extending previous findings on the alignment of gender rules and social status, here we examine if prescriptive and proscriptive gender rules are also dependent on social role information
How Commercial Income Treats Nonprofits Differently?
No full textWe study how commercial income influences individual donation to a nonprofit museum in this research, given the publicness of the museum indicated by its major revenue source