Journals of Universitas Sangga Buana
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The Status of Hong Kong and Macao under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods
No full textThe applicability of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods of 11 April 1980 (CISG), the most important international convention unifying matters of international contract law, to an international sales contract according to Article 1(1)(a) CISG depends on both parties having their place of business in different Contracting States. The People's Republic of China was among the first States to ratify the CISG, meaning that all companies residing in the PRC do have - at least at first sight - their place of business in a Contracting State of the CISG. This result, however, causes difficulties when companies from Hong Kong and Macao are concerned, as these two territories were originally colonies of two States that did ratify the CISG (i.e. the United Kingdom and Portugal), and when returning to the PRC in 1997 resp. 1999, Hong Kong and Macao were given the status of Special Administrative Regions with a high degree of autonomy also in legal matters. Against this background, the present paper discusses the question of Hong Kong and Macao are to be treated as parts of a Contracting State under the CISG. It argues that the answer must be in the affirmative as Article 97 CISG expressly provides that a Contracting State comprising different territorial units has to make an express declaration if it selects not to apply the CISG to certain of its territorial units, and the PRC has not done so
Prior sensitivity analysis in default Bayesian structural equation modeling
No full textBayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) has recently gained popularity because it enables researchers to fit complex models while solving some of the issues often encountered in classical maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, such as nonconvergence and inadmissible solutions. An important component of any Bayesian analysis is the prior distribution of the unknown model parameters. Often, researchers rely on default priors, which are constructed in an automatic fashion without requiring substantive prior information. However, the prior can have a serious influence on the estimation of the model parameters, which affects the mean squared error (MSE), bias, coverage rates, and quantiles of the estimates.
In this paper, we investigate the performance of three different default priors: noninformative improper priors, vague proper priors, and empirical Bayes priors, with the latter being novel in the BSEM literature. Based on a simulation study, we find that these three default BSEM methods may perform very differently, especially with small samples. A careful prior sensitivity analysis is therefore needed when performing a default BSEM analysis. For this purpose, we provide a practical step-by-step guide for practitioners to conducting a prior sensitivity analysis in default BSEM. Our recommendations are illustrated using a well-known case study from the structural equation modeling literature and all code for conducting the prior sensitivity analysis is made available in the online supplemental material
Attachment to God and Mental Health Outcomes in Collegiate Athletes
No full textCross-sectional regression and mediation analyses of Christian collegiate athletes examining attachment to God styles predicting depression and anxiety
An investigation of general attention and analytic and holistic attention strategies in infants from Zimbabwe and Sweden.
No full textSeveral studies have demonstrated that adults in interdependent cultures have holistic attentional viewing strategies, whereby the background of scenes are inspected. This is in contrast to independent cultures where adults have analytic attentional viewing strategies, whereby the focal objects in scenes are subject to inspection (Čeněk, Tsai, & Šašinka, 2020). Among children, similar divisions have been found although it is less clear at what age these strategies can be observed. Children aged 4 to 9 years were found to focus more on focal objects in the foreground if they grew up in Germany, while children of the same age that grew up in Japan did not show this behaviour (Jurkat et al., 2023). Similar results have been observed in other studies investigating children from interdependent countries and children from independent countries (Imada et al., 2013).This context sensitivity has been suggested to increase as children grow older (Imada et al., 2013). This development has been suggested to emerge from parental styles that influence attentional viewing strategies. Parents in interdependent countries focus on relational aspects of scenes or play with their child, while parents in independent countries focus on focal objects (Senzaki & Shimuzu, 2020). If children as young as 4 years already exhibit these strategies (Jurkat et al., 2023; Imada et al., 2013; Kuwabara & Smith, 2016), one may ask if children show this behaviour even before this age. Given that infants are able to follow the gaze of their parent in infancy (Bianco et al., 2019), parents may be transferring viewing strategies onto their infants from a young age. Not many studies exist that have investigated the emergence of holistic and analytic viewing in infancy between cultures. In studies comparing infants, aged 6 to 24 months, from the USA and Japan, it was found that there were no differences in attentional viewing strategies, although the differences may start emerging around 24 months (Tsurumi et al., 2018; Waxman et al., 2016). More studies are needed in order to examine viewing strategies between interdependent and independent cultures. The current study will aim to contribute to efforts trying to map how these strategies develop during childhood. Moreover, previous studies have been criticized due to their focus on comparisons of USA participants and Japanese or Chinese participants. There may be interdependent cultures that show different viewing strategies during infancy than what has been found until now
Virtual Reality within the context of wellbeing of marginalized populations: a scoping review protocol
No full textObjective: The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence for the use of virtual reality (VR) as a wellbeing tool among populations that have been historically marginalized in health care. We aim to map the types of VR used for wellbeing, and the accessibility, barriers, or facilitators to use using a logic model with a focus on equity.
Introduction: Differential health outcomes have been part of the process of marginalization, decreasing wellbeing and increasing health risks. The immersive ability of Virtual Reality (VR) may be of particular benefit with marginalized populations, as it increases the number of opportunities for activating culturally relevant modalities to promote wellbeing and expressions of wellbeing. However, VR research currently lacks intersectional and demarginalizing approaches.
Inclusion criteria: Articles must investigate at least one aspect of wellbeing changing in the context of a VR tool. Given our interest in marginalization, low socioeconomic groups, racial, sexual or gender orientation minorities as well as immigrants, refugees, and like groups will be included. VR can be 360 videos, CAVE systems, and head-mounted devices. Any article looking at specific diagnostic categories with the primary aim of resolving symptoms will be excluded.
Methods: We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Web of Science as well as perform a grey literature search of google scholar from the inception of the databases until the last search date. We will limit the search to articles on human populations in any language. Two researchers will screen papers and conduct data charting, blinded to the other’s ratings. Data charting will use descriptive methods, narrative summaries, and a logic model drafted prior to article screening
Risk of Arrest Among Extreme Risk Protection Order Respondents in Washington State
No full textThis study will examine risk of arrest among extreme risk protection order (ERPO) respondents in Washington state before, during, and after they were subject to an ERPO
SYMPATHY ATTENUATES THE IMPACT OF NEGATIVE INFORMATION ON IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT ATTITUDE FORMATION
No full textDialogue on Alternating Consciousness: From Perception to Infinities and Back to Free Will
No full textCan we trace back consciousness, reality, awareness, and free will to a single basic structure without giving up any of them? Can the universe exist in both real and individual ways without being composed of both? This dialogue founds consciousness and freedom of choice on the basis of a new reality concept that also includes the infinite as far as we understand it. Just the simplest distinction contains consciousness. It is not static, but a constant alternation of perspectives. From its entirety and movement, however, there arises a freedom of choice being more than reinterpreted necessity and unpredictability. Although decisions ultimately involve the whole universe, they are free in varying degrees also here and now. The unity and openness of the infinite enables the individual to be creative while this creativity directly and indirectly enters into all other individuals without impeding them. A contrary impression originates only in a narrowed awareness. But even the most conscious and free awareness can neither anticipate all decisions nor extinguish individuality. Their creativity is secured