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Shear Strength Enhancement of Soft Clay Using Lime Columns: A Large-Scale Experimental Study
No full textSoft clay soil is often classified as problematic due to its low shear strength and high compressibility, which can cause significant structural damage. To mitigate these issues, various soil stabilization techniques have been developed, including the use of lime columns, fly ash, and crushed bricks. In this study, a large-scale direct shear device was designed and constructed to evaluate the impact of lime column stabilization on the shear strength of soft clay. The shear box measured 20 cm in height, 30 cm in length, and 30 cm in width. A hydraulic piston applied shear force by moving the lower shear box while the upper box remained stationary. An automated data recording system monitored and recorded vertical forces, shear displacements, and horizontal shear forces throughout the testing process. A series of large-scale shear tests were conducted to assess the influence of lime column diameter on shear strength. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in shear performance with increasing column diameter. Specifically, the highest shear stress increase was observed when a 5.5 cm diameter lime column was used, resulting in a 73.3% increase in shear stress compared to untreated soft clay. Additionally, shear strain was notably reduced, further confirming the effectiveness of lime column stabilization. This study highlights the potential of lime columns as a cost-effective and efficient technique for enhancing the geotechnical properties of soft clay, making it a viable solution for foundation and infrastructure projects
Impact of Gamma-Ray Dose on Indoor Visible Light Communication Link Performance: A Geant4 Study
No full textThis research presents an extended performance analysis of an indoor Visible Light Communication (VLC) system by integrating experimental results with advanced GEANT4 simulations. Building on a prior empirical study that evaluated different LED configurations and photodetectors, this work explores critical environmental and spatial parameters that influence VLC efficiency and reliability. Parameters such as wall reflectivity, emission angles, photon energy, and photon travel time are systematically analyzed using a validated GEANT4 simulation framework. The results confirm the strong impact of narrow emission angles and high wall reflectivity on detection performance, while also highlighting the importance of time delay modeling in high-fidelity simulations. Energy deposition was realistically correlated with photon count and energy levels, offering valuable insight into detector response and system thermal behavior. This study demonstrates the robustness of combining experimental insights with physics-based simulation, thereby offering a comprehensive and realistic perspective for designing optimized VLC systems in complex indoor environments
A YOLO-based Deep Learning Approach for Vibration-based Rotating Shaft Imbalance Detection
No full textOne of the prevailing causes of vibrations in machines is rotor imbalance. Rotor balancing can be used to fix the majority of rotating machinery issues. When it comes to high-speed running equipment, even a slight imbalance can lead to serious issues and decrease the operational efficiency of rotating machinery. This work proposed a deep learning approach for the detection of binary and multiclass imbalance in rotating shafts. A YOLOv11 model-based approach is developed to detect imbalance and identify unbalanced rotor positions. To precisely identify unbalanced positions, this method trains the YOLOv11 model using numerous sets of measured response data and simulated data from unbalanced rotor positions. Analyses of two scenarios were conducted: (i) binary classification of balanced vs. imbalanced rotors and (ii) multiclass classification of the level of imbalance. The proposed model achieved 99.77% and 96.74% testing accuracy for the binary and multiclass classification scenarios, respectively. The findings imply that both binary and multiclass classification problems can be successfully identified by the suggested deep learning architecture. This study offers a reliable framework for identifying rotating equipment shaft imbalance and could be applied in industrial applications as a real-time problem detection technique
The Role of the United Nations in Activating Preventive Diplomacy in Resolving the Yemeni Crisis and its Determinants during the Period 2011-2022
No full textThe study aimed to demonstrate the role of the United Nations organs and the Security Council, as well as the most important determinants affecting their role in resolving the Yemeni crisis. It highlights the significance of this issue, given the profound repercussions of the ongoing crisis on regional and international stability. Using a legal-analytical approach, the study concluded that the international community bears legal responsibility for the continuation of the war in Yemen. It also found that the relevant agencies failed to reach a genuine settlement or develop common regulations among the conflicting parties that could help limit the escalation of the conflict, potentially leading to societal peace. Furthermore, the study noted that the United Nations has been unable to enforce the international resolutions issued by the Security Council, especially Resolution No. (2216) of 2015 under Chapter VII and Resolution No. (2201) of 2015, which demanded the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of the Houthi militia from areas they occupied in late 2014. The study recommends that the Security Council take measures to ensure that its decisions are enforceable and implemented by the parties involved in the Yemen conflict
Rhyme and its Impact on Poetic Sentence Structure: Al-Mutanabbi\u27s Poetry as a Model
No full textThe effect of rhyme extends beyond the boundaries of the vocal musical system; it is closely connected to the morphological, grammatical, and stylistic systems, and even to the poet\u27s vocabulary and word choices. This research aims to explore the influence of rhyme within the sentence, emphasizing its well-known role in verse. It seeks to demonstrate that Al-Mutanabbi’s rhymes were not superficial or solely aimed at external rhythm generated by sound. Instead, it addresses the question: Did the poet rely on a single pattern across all absolute and restricted rhymes? What is the compatibility of the phonetic, morphological, and grammatical units that constitute the rhyme in Al-Mutanabbi’s poetry? To answer these questions, the study examines three axes through which rhyme can be analyzed: the phonetic axis, the lexical axis, and the syntactic axis. The findings indicate that the poet selects rhymes that match his emotional impulses, often favoring absolute rhymes because they provide the broadest space for expressing his thoughts through their long vocal syllables, whether through establishment or connection
المهارات القيادية ودورها في اتخاذ القرارات أثناء إدارة الأزمات
No full textهدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على المهارات القيادية ودورها في اتخاذ القرارات أثناء إدارة الأزمات في المنظمات، واستخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي المسحي، وقائمة الاستقصاء كأداة للدراسة، وتم اختيار عينة عشوائية بسيطة عددها (648) مفردة لتطبيق هذه الدراسة، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج من أبرزها: أن أفراد عينة الدراسة موافقون بشدة على أبرز المهارات القيادية لإدارة الأزمات بمتوسط حسابي بلغ (4.48)، وأن أفراد عينة الدراسة موافقون على واقع اتخاذ القرارات أثناء إدارة الأزمات في المنظمات بمتوسط حسابي بلغ (3.91)، وأن أفراد عينة الدراسة موافقون بشدة على مدى تأثير المهارات القيادية في عملية اتخاذ القرارات أثناء إدارة الأزمات بمتوسط حسابي بلغ (4.49)، كما أوصت الدراسة بعدة توصيات من أهمها: الاهتمام برفع قدرات ومهارات القادة في اتخاذ القرارات في البيئات المعقدة وأثناء إدارة الأزمات من خلال التدريب على استخدام التقنيات الحديثة والطرق الكمية والكيفية في اتخاذ القرارات، وتدريب القادة على كيفية استغلال المهارات القيادية بشكل عام وعلى اتخاذ القرار أثناء إدارة الأزمات في المنظمات بشكل خاص، ويجب العمل على توفير البيانات والمعلومات بجودة عالية وصقلها بالمعرفة التنظيمية ليتمكن القادة من اتخاذ القرارات المناسبة أثناء إدارة الأزمات في المنظمات.
This study aimed to explore leadership skills and their role in decision-making during crisis management in organisations. The researcher employed a descriptive survey methodology, utilising a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection. A simple random sample of 648 participants was selected to conduct the study. The findings revealed several key results, including a strong agreement among participants on the most prominent leadership skills for crisis management, with a mean score of 4.48. Additionally, participants agreed with the current state of decision-making during crisis management in organisations, with a mean score of 3.91. Furthermore, there was a strong consensus on the significant impact of leadership skills on decision-making during crises, with a mean score of 4.49. The study also offered several recommendations, most notably emphasising the need to enhance leaders’ capacities and skills in decision-making within complex environments and during crisis management. This could be achieved through training in the use of modern technologies, as well as quantitative and qualitative methods for decision-making. Leaders should also be trained in how to effectively utilise leadership skills in general and particularly in decision-making during organisational crises. Additionally, the study highlighted the importance of providing high-quality data and refining it with organisational knowledge to enable leaders to make appropriate decisions during crises
Supply and demand, concepts and tools for intervening n them - an Islamic and comparative view
No full textThe importance of supply and demand in the market lies in the principle of their work as a real measure that determines the extent of economic activity of the market, where the laws of supply and demand are based on determining the relationship between the seller and the buyer, on showing the importance of the relationship between the existence of a commodity and its demand and supply, as well as its relative price between one period and another, as the supply and demand models that we hear about as economic concepts are considered among the basics of economic work where market prices and quantity of products are determined. In fact, through the interaction of the total forces of demand for products and their supply, the level of total economic resources will rise, which will raise all services of economic activities. Therefore, economists and specialized institutions focus on studying and analyzing the relationship between supply and demand, as they are the most important determinants of the growth and course of the economy, while proving the existence of the rules of supply and demand in the Islamic economy, before its approval and affirmation in positive economic systems, and even its (Islamic economy) work on protecting the freedom of the market, and making it in a state of permanent equilibrium, through legislation to ensure this, to confirm its precedence, comprehensiveness and vision of economic issues and matters
Traditional energy and renewable energy and their implications on sustainable development (examples from Lebanon and the world)
No full textThis study aims to introduce the types of fossil and renewable energies by presenting the various associated concepts. It shows their characteristics, in addition to the concept of sustainable development, to show the extent of traditional energy\u27s repercussions on sustainable development and the role of renewable energies in promoting its concept through its three economic, social, and environmental dimensions. It also presents some statistical models on renewable energy, especially solar energy in Lebanon, the Arab world, and the world.
Previously, man used to invest in traditional fossil energy, such as oil, gas, and coal, to meet his economic and technological growth needs. Still, he used to harm his environment by throwing waste, emitting smoke from factories, etc. Because of the economic crisis that the world is going through, it has become such an expensive type of energy. It is difficult to access it readily, as is the case in Lebanon and the world in general, due to the Russian-Ukrainian war and the global crisis.
This prompted the search for other sources of energy that generally satisfy the exact needs of traditional energy but do not harm the environment but rather preserve it for future generations and societies. It compensates for the shortfall in securing them the so-called renewable energies. Because it does not run out of the planet, nor does it cause environmental pollution, unlike traditional energy. This is commensurate with achieving the concept of sustainable development
تحليل واقع المبادرات التعليمية في قطاع غزة ودورها في المساهمة بضمان الحق بالتعليم. Analysis of the reality of Educational Initiatives in the Gaza Strip and Their Role in Ensuring the Right to Education
No full textهدفت الدراسة إلى تحليل واقع المبادرات التعليمية والسياسات التربوية في غزة وتوثيقها وتوضيح دورها في المساهمة بضمان الحق بالتعليم واستمرارية تعلم الطلبة في ظل العدوان الإسرائيلي منذ 7 أكتوبر2023، وتم استخدام المنهج التحليلي النوعي، وشملت العينة المبادرات الرسمية والشعبية والمجتمعية التي نشطت لتقديم التعليم خلال 2023-2024. واستخدم تحليل المحتوى أداة رئيسية لجمع البيانات، وتم تطوير استبانة إلكترونية، واستخدام أداة المقابلة. وأشارت النتائج إلى التأثير الإيجابي للمبادرات التعليمية إذ ساهمت في تلبية احتياجات الطلبة وتعزيز حقهم في التعليم جزئياً. وقد واجهت وزارة التربية والتعليم والمبادرات التعليمية تحديات عدة في سبيل تحقيق حق التعليم وتسيير العملية التعليمية، واجهتها بطرائق عدة ، وعملت جاهدة على تحقيق الأهداف الأساسية من هذه المبادرات وتقليل الفاقد التعليمي، وساعدت هذه المبادرات على استمرار التعليم من خلال تقديم محتوى تعليمي بديل ومناسب للظروف الحالية، كما أوضحت الدراسة كيفية مأسسة المبادرات لضمان شموليتها واستمرارها، وأكدت أهمية وضع رؤية وأهداف واضحة، والتواصل مع المؤسسات الداعمة، والتنسيق مع المؤسسات الدولية ووزارة التربية والتعليم، وإنشاء بيئة تعليمية مناسبة.
The study aimed at analyzing educational initiatives and educational policies in Gaza, documenting them and clarifying their role in contributing to ensuring the right to education and the continuity of students\u27 learning under the Israeli aggression since October 7, 2023. A qualitative analytical approach was used. The sample included official, popular and community initiatives that were active to provide education during the period 2023-2024. The Content Analysis tool was used as the main tool for data collection, the development of an electronic questionnaire, and the use of an interview tool were developed. The results pointed to the positive impact of educational initiatives, as they contributed significantly to meeting the needs of students and partially enhancing their right to education. The Ministry of education and educational initiatives have faced several challenges in order to achieve the right to education and facilitating the educational process. They have faced these challenges in various ways, and have worked hard to achieve the basic objectives of these initiatives and reduce the educational loss. these initiatives have helped in the continuation of education by providing alternative educational content suitable for the current conditions. The study also explained how to institutionalize initiatives to ensure their comprehensiveness and continuity. It also stressed the importance of setting a clear vision and goals, communicating with supporting institutions, coordinating with international institutions, communicating with the Ministry of Education, and creating an appropriate educational environment
The Future of the Arab Media Industry in Utilizing Artificial Intelligence Technologies: A Foresight Study (2024 to 2034)
No full textThis study explores the future of the Arab media industry from 2024 to 2034 in light of the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. It identifies key media sectors likely to be affected by AI—such as content creation, news production, editing, and audience engagement—and proposes strategies for effective implementation. The study employs a descriptive survey methodology grounded in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Data were collected via an electronic questionnaire from a purposive sample of 264 respondents across 18 Arab countries, including academic elites and media professionals working with Arab media institutions. Findings reveal that 70.5% of respondents believe AI will automate routine tasks like news writing and video editing, enhancing efficiency. However, 41.6% cite high implementation costs as a significant barrier. Despite these challenges, 45.5% anticipate a strong future impact of AI on the media landscape, though current usage remains limited (31.1%). No statistically significant differences were found across demographic variables. This study contributes scientifically by offering foresight into the evolving role of AI in Arab media, identifying implementation gaps, and providing actionable insights for policymakers and media leaders to foster ethical, effective, and inclusive AI adoption in journalism