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Work Pressures among School Principals in Bani Obeid District and its Relationship with Teachers\u27 Administrative Delegation
No full textThe study aimed to identify the work pressures among school principals in Bani Obeid District and its relationship to the administrative delegation to teachers, from the perspectives of teachers and their principals. The descriptive correlational method was employed, and a questionnaire was used to collect the necessary data to achieve the study\u27s objectives. The study sample consisted of 447 principals and teachers, selected through simple random sampling. The results indicated that the level of work pressures among school principals in Bani Obeid District was moderate, while the level of administrative delegation to teachers was high. Additionally, a weak correlation was found between work pressures among principals and the administrative delegation to teachers. Based on the findings, the researchers made several recommendations, including: conducting training courses for school principals to help reduce their work pressures by equipping them with time management skills to enable better performance of their administrative and technical tasks. It was also recommended that assistant principals carry out their duties and responsibilities effectively to ease work pressures on principals
From Orwel’s 1984 to Assad’s Syria: When Dystopian Fiction Turns Political Reality
No full textAs we approach the 76th anniversary of George Orwell’s 1984 on June 8th, the novel is a critique of tolerationism, illustrating a fictional world where propaganda, surveillance, and political repression sustain an all-controlling regime. The novel’s theme resonates with real world authoritarian governments, particularly the recently disposed Assad regime in Syria. This article explores how the governance tactics of the Assad regime such as historical revisionism, mass surveillance, state-controlled propaganda and the cult of leadership mirror the Orwellian fictional dystopian mechanisms. By comparing key elements of Orwell’s 1984 with the political atmosphere under decades of Assad regime, the article argues that Orwell’s dystopian vision serves as a lens for understanding modern authoritarianism. This study draws on political science theories of tolerationism, propaganda and regime survival, providing a comparative analysis that bridges literary critique with real world political entities. The findings suggest that the Assad regime through the Ba’ath party, like Orwell’s party, maintained power through fear, monopoly over “truth”, and systematic suppression of any form of opposition. The finding invites a deeper contemplation of Orwell’s cautionary tale, prompting us to consider its implications for understanding and challenging moder authoritarianism
The Impact of Boko Haram Threat on Nigerias National Security
No full textThis study aimed to examine the impact of the Boko Haram organization on Nigerias national security by analyzing the factors behind its emergence and exploring the political and social context surrounding its rise, as well as its objectives. The study highlights the profound effects the group has had on national security—politically, by destabilizing the state and affecting its relationship with the government and political parties; and in terms of security, through the escalation of terrorist attacks. It also examines the economic repercussions, such as the decline in economic development and foreign investment, and the social effects including displacement crises and the deterioration of education and culture. Furthermore, the study reviews the mechanisms adopted to confront Boko Haram at the local, regional, and international levels, by highlighting the roles of the Nigerian government, civil society, regional organizations such as the African Union and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the United Nations. The study seeks to assess the effectiveness of these efforts and identify the gaps in confronting this terrorist organization
Spending in Islam: Nurturing and Education
No full textIslam urges its followers to spend on their parents, offspring, and lineage. This paper addresses spending in the way of Islam for its protection (preserving its authenticity), advocacy (Da’wah), and to support its adherents against those who manifest enmity towards it. Thus, spending aims to instill in Muslims the practice of giving for the sake of their faith and to educate them about the principles of this type of spending. Da’wah to Islam has been associated with calls to spend in the way of Allah to seek His satisfaction and pleasure. Even before the establishment of an Islamic state, or in cases where this state becomes weak and unable to perform its duties of protecting its followers and their beliefs, Muslims (as entities and individuals) are urged to spend in the cause of Allah to protect their Muslim brothers and their beliefs, and to propagate the message of Islam. The study concludes that spending in Islam seeks to achieve two goals: The first is to educate Muslims religiously, emphasizing that spending in Islam is for the sake of Allah and seeking His pleasure. The second is to teach Muslims about their material obligations and the need to fulfill them
The Compatibility between the Two-Parameter Logistic Model and Classical Theory in Constructing an Achievement Test in General Science for 6th Grade Students
No full textThis study aimed to assess the compatibility between the two-parameter logistic model and classical theory in constructing an achievement test in science for sixth grade students. To achieve this purpose, a science achievement test consisting of 50 multiple-choice items was constructed and applied to a sample of 567 sixth graders from eight randomly selected public schools in Jarash. The responses were analyzed using SPSS, BILOG-MG 3, NOHARM, and LDID programs to obtain statistical indicators for both examinees and items. The results indicate that the items of the sixth-grade science test can be classified as either matching or non-matching according to item response theory using the two-parameter logistic model and classical theory. There is a notable similarity between the two theories in classifying the items, with an agreement rate of 92% between the conventional indicators and the two-parameter logistic model indicators. This means that 92% of the 50 test items were judged similarly by both theories, while the remaining 8% showed discrepancies. Additionally, the results revealed a significant statistical difference (α = 0.05) in reliability between the two theories. Using the modified Feldt equation for non-independent samples, the analysis showed F = 1.99 in favor of the item response theory using the two-parameter logistic model. Furthermore, there was a significant statistical difference (α = 0.05) in criterion validity between the two theories, with a t-test for non-independent samples yielding t = 2.16 in favor of criterion validity according to item response theory. Finally, the results indicated a strong correlation between the capabilities of test examinees and their raw scores or standardized scores, which were positively correlated and statistically significant (α = 0.05), classified as a very high correlation
The Effect of Profit Distribution Policy on the Volatility of Stock Prices Traded on the Palestine Stock Exchange
No full textThis study aimed to test the impact of dividend policy on the fluctuation of stock prices traded on the Palestine Stock Exchange. A sample of 47 companies listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange was selected for the period from 2005 to 2016. A robust regression model was used to analyze cross-sectional data and test hypotheses. The objective of the study was to test the effect of dividend yield and cash dividend payout ratio on stock price fluctuation, with the addition of control variables: company size, profit fluctuation, growth, and debt. The statistical results showed a negative, statistically significant relationship between dividend yield and stock price fluctuation, while there was a positive, statistically significant relationship between the cash dividend payout ratio and price fluctuation. Additionally, debt exhibited a negative, statistically significant relationship with the fluctuation of stock prices on the Palestine Stock Exchange. The results of the study supported the theories of dividend distribution policy, particularly the “bird in the hand theory,” which is relevant in determining stock prices on the Palestine Stock Exchange
The Colonial Discourse in E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India
No full textThis paper differs from the work of scholars who misinterpret E. M. Forster’s political novel A Passage to India as a story emphasizing the importance of cross-cultural friendship between English characters and Indians. While some overlook the fact that Forster employs this intimacy to justify English imperial practices in India, this paper argues otherwise. Throughout his novel, Forster does not imply that the British occupiers do not have the right to rule India or that Indians are equal to the British. On the contrary, he depicts Indians as an inferior race incapable of self-governance, thereby justifying the presence of English colonizers in India. English characters are portrayed as superior citizens, and those who communicate with Indians are at risk of punishment for sedition and anti-patriotism. The Indian mutiny in the novel symbolizes the need for India’s liberation and the end of British oppression
A Content Analysis of the Cultural Content of Reading Texts and Dialogues in Action Pack Eight, Considering the Inclusion Criterion
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the reading texts and dialogues in the Student\u27s Book of Action Pack Eight to determine the extent to which they incorporate cultural content. Frequencies and percentages were used to present the results related to the study’s questions. The findings revealed that the reading texts in Action Pack Eight include all types of cultural content: target cultural content, intercultural content, Arab-Islamic cultural content, and national (Jordanian) cultural content. On the other hand, the dialogues in the Student\u27s Book include all types of cultural content except for the Arab-Islamic content. Overall, the presence of Arab-Islamic content in Action Pack Eight is not sufficient, although the general guidelines emphasize the importance of understanding, appreciating, and interacting with people from different countries, as well as highlighting Jordanian identity
The Effectiveness of a Cognitive Behavioral Counseling Program in Reducing Future Anxiety among Delinquents at the Girls\u27 Welfare Institution in Riyadh
No full textThis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral counseling-based program in reducing future anxiety among female juvenile delinquents at the Rehabilitation Institution for Females in Riyadh. The participants consisted of 28 female juvenile delinquents, who were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group of 14 and a control group of 14. To achieve the study objectives, the researchers used the Future Anxiety Scale (2009), developed by Almoshaky, after verifying its psychometric properties, in addition to implementing the cognitive-behavioral program. The study findings indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups on the future anxiety scale after the implementation of the counseling program, favoring the experimental group. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the experimental group\u27s future anxiety scores between pre- and post-implementation, with post-measurements showing a reduction in anxiety. Moreover, the results revealed no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group on the future anxiety scale between the post-implementation and follow-up measurements, suggesting that the effects of the program persisted for two months after the post-test. Finally, the study concluded that the cognitive-behavioral counseling-based program was effective in reducing future anxiety among female delinquents in Riyadh\u27s female rehabilitation institution, and that this effect lasted for at least two months after the intervention. The study recommends considering the psychological needs of female delinquents, identifying their issues, and providing various counseling programs to support their rehabilitation
Employing Endowment Instruments in Attaining Sustainable Development: The Social Responsibility of Mosques in Jordan as a Model
No full textThe world is now turning towards sustainable development that preserves natural resources, the rights and wealth of future generations, protects the environment, and reduces pollution. The social responsibility of Waqf, or consecrated, Mosques in Islam aligns with these objectives by emphasizing the role of the Mosque and its importance in shaping public opinion and raising awareness among society members about issues related to social, environmental, economic, and other areas. This research highlights the dimensions of the social responsibility of Waqf Mosques in both ancient and modern times and their connection to sustainable development from an Islamic perspective, including a presentation on the reality of Waqf Mosques in Jordan. It also addresses the most important recommendations that can transform Mosques into investment Waqf tools to achieve sustainable development