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    Investıgatıng Of The Effect Of Joınıng Surface Angles Of The S355j2 Materıal On The Flash Butt Weldıng Connectıon

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    Günümüzde yakma alın kaynağı oldukça geniş bir alana yayılmıştır. Otomotiv, elektrik, havacılık gibi endüstriler ile birlikte çeşitli ana rayların kaynakları da olmak üzere demir yolları ve zincir imalatı (baklaların kaynatılması) için de sık kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Yöntem dik kesite sahip alın, köşe ve halka biçimindeki düz ve silindirik parçaların kaynağında kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, S355 J2 Ø28 mm malzemenin yakma alın kaynağı ile birleştirilmesi öncesinde, değiştirilen birleştirme yüzey açısının malzemenin kaynak kalitesi ve metalurjik özelliklerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada S355 J2 malzeme yine S355 J2 malzemeyle sırasıyla 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° ve 90° 'lik birleştirme açıları kullanılarak yakma alın kaynağı yöntemiyle birleştirilmiştir. Birleştirilen numunelere çekme, makro ve mikro sertlik testleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca mikro yapı fotoğrafları alınarak kaynak kalitesi incelenmiştir. Uygun parametreler dâhilinde S355 J2 malzemeler, standart yakma alın kaynağı birleştirme açısı olan 90°'den farklı açılarda da birleştirilebilmektedir. Değiştirilen yüzey açıları (90°'den 30°ye) birleşim yüzey alanı artmasına sebebiyet verirken, soğuma esnasında numunelerdeki ısı daha yavaş uzaklaşmıştır. Bu sebeple ITAB bölgesi ve özellikle iri taneli bölgenin, diğer açılara göre daha fazla olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çekme test sonuçları, sertlik sonuçlarıyla paralellik göstererek daha düşük açılarda, kısmen daha düşük sertlik ve çekme değerleri elde edilmiştir. En düşük sertlik değerleri, numunelerin kaynak bölgelerinde elde edilmiştirNowadays flash butt welding is spread over a wide area. It is a common method for the welding of railways and production of chains as well as industries such as automotive, electricity and aerospace. The method is used for the welding of flat and cylindrical shaped butt, corner and ring parts have vertical cross section. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the modified joint surface angle on the weld quality and metallurgical properties of the material before the S355 J2 Ø28 mm material was combined with the welding of the forehead. In the study, S355 J2 material was again combined with S355 J2 material by flash butt welding method by using angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90° respectively. Samples which welding were subjected to tensile, macro and micro hardness tests. In addition, microstructure photographs were taken and quality of welding was examined. The S355 J2 option can be combined in different directions than 90°, which is a standard incineration angle. The modified surface angles (90° to 30°) caused the joint surface area to increase, while the heat in the cooling system samples slowed away more slowly. Therefore, it was observed that ITAB region and coarse grains were higher than the others. Tensile test results were obtained in parallel with the hardness results at lower levels, average lower hardness and tensile stage. The lowest hardness degree was obtained in the weld regions of the welds

    Safety and efficacy of regorafenib in patients with treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer in Turkey: the single-arm, open-label REGARD study

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    Objectives Regorafenib improved overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) refractory to standard therapies in two randomised, phase III trials, but has not been evaluated in Turkey. REGARD evaluated the safety and efficacy of regorafenib in Turkish patients with treatment-refractory mCRC. Design Open-label, single-arm, phase IIIb study conducted between July 2013 and April 2015. Setting 11 tertiary centres in Turkey. Participants Eligible patients were adults with mCRC who had disease progression within 3 months after receiving their last dose of approved standard therapies and who had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status <= 1. Patients were excluded if they had previously received regorafenib. Of 139 patients screened, 100 were treated and completed the study, and all 100 were analysed. Fifty-eight per cent were male. Interventions Patients received oral regorafenib, 160 mg once daily, for the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle until disease progression, death or unacceptable toxicity. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary endpoint was safety, assessed by incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Progression-free survival (PFS) per investigator was the primary efficacy endpoint. There were no secondary endpoints. Results The median treatment duration was 2.5 months (range 0.1 to 20.6). Ninety-six per cent of patients had at least one TEAE and 77\% had a grade >= 3 TEAE. The most common grade >= 3 regorafenib-related TEAEs were hypophosphataemia (11\%), fatigue (8\%), hyperbilirubinaemia (6\%), hand-foot skin reaction (5\%), hypertension (5\%), anorexia (5\%) and increased alanine aminotransferase (5\%). TEAEs led to dose reduction in 30\% of patients. Regorafenib-related TEAEs led to treatment discontinuation in 17\% of patients. Median PFS was 3.1 months (95\% CI 2.9 to 3.8). Conclusion The regorafenib safety profile and PFS in REGARD were consistent with the results of previous trials of regorafenib in mCRC. Regorafenib is an option for patients in Turkey with treatment-refractory mCRC

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