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Alcohol consumption and alcohol policy
No full textAlcohol is a unique addictive substance used by many people for
different reasons. Alcohol use affects not only the users but also the
family and the whole society in a negative way. Alcohol is one of the
most commonly used substances for entertainment purposes in the world
and 1 in 3 people is a current drinker. 2348 billion people (43\% of the
population) aged 15 and over are current drinkers and males drink about
2 times more frequently than females (53.6\%/32.3\%). According to the
Global Alcohol and Health Report published by the World Health
Organization (WHO) (2018), total alcohol per capita consumption (APC)
worldwide aged 15 and over increased from 5.7 liters in 2000 to 6.4
liters in 2016. Harmful alcohol consumption is a major public health
problem and it is known to be associated with more than 200 diseases and
injuries. Policies and measures to prevent alcohol use are not
implemented adequately and the burden of alcohol-related illnesses
continues to increase tremendously. In order to prevent and reduce the
harmful effects of alcohol, alcohol policies should be formulated based
on the best evidence from a public health perspective
Thermal stability and some thermodynamics analysis of heat treated quaternary CuAlNiTa shape memory alloy
No full textThis study presents the heat treatment effect on a quaternary
Cu79Al13Ni4Ta4 (wt\%) shape memory alloy. The induction technique was
used for melting the alloy and then four pieces of the alloy were
heat-treated at (673 K, 873 K, 1073 K, and 1273 K) for one hour. Some
physical parameters were characterized using DSC, XRD, and SEM-EDX. The
as-cast and heat-treated samples were studied in terms of phase
transformation temperatures, enthalpy change, entropy change, Gibbs free
energy, and elastic energy. The transformation temperature was increased
by applying heat treatment. Martensitic phase transformation at heat
treatment temperature of 1273 K was not observed. Besides, after rising
heat treatment temperature, some new phases such as Upsilon(1)' and
beta(1)' were specified in XRD patterns and SEM images. Generally, for
heat-treated samples, the transformation temperature remains almost
constant after the 3rd cycle. However, the thermal stability of the
as-cast alloy was not affected through thermal cycling
Evaluation of phenolic compounds and protective effects of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extracts on endothelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity
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The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in multiple sclerosis
No full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) that leads to progressive neurological disability due to
axonal deterioration. Although MS presents profound heterogeneity in the
clinical course, its underlying central mechanism is active
demyelination and neurodegeneration associated with inflammation.
Multiple autoimmune and neuroinflammatory pathways are involved in the
demyelination pro-cess of MS. Analysis of MS lesions has shown that
inflammatory genes are upregulated. Glycogen synthase kinase3 (GSK-3) is
part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family and has
important roles in many signaling cascades. GSK-3 is a highly conserved
serine/threonine protein kinase expressed in both the central and the
peripheral nervous systems. GSK-3 modulates several biological processes
through phosphorylation of pro-tein kinases, including cell signaling,
neuronal growth, apoptosis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
and interleukins, allowing adaptive changes in events such as cellular
proliferation, migration, inflammation, and immunity. GSK-3 occurs in
mammals in two isoforms GSK-3 alpha and GSK-313, both of which are
common in the brain, although GSK-3 alpha is found particularly in the
cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striated hippocampus and Purkinje cells,
while GSK-313 is found in all brain regions. In patients with chronic
progressive MS, expression of GSK-313 is elevated in several brain
regions such as the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex. GSK-313
inhibition may play a role in glial cell activation, reducing
pathological pain induced by nerve injury by formalin injection.
According to the role of GSK-313 in pathological conditions, the aim of
this article is review of the role of GSK-313 in multiple sclerosis and
inflammation of neurons
Automatıc Dough Draw Robot System Desıgn
No full textEkmek üretiminin yapıldığı fabrikalarda ekmeklerin daha iyi pişmesini sağlamak amacıyla hamurların üzerlerine ‘bıçak atma’ adını verilen yöntemlerle çizme işlemi gerçekleştirilir. Türkiye’de bu işlemlerinin tamamı insan eli ile yapılmaktadır. İşçilerin hamurla temas etmesi sterillik açısından sıkıntı oluşturmakta ve seri ğretimde yavaş kalmaktadır. Fabrikalarda insan faktörünü ortadan kaldırarak daha hızlı ve steril ekmek üretim hatlarının kurulmasını sağlamak amacıyla bir robot sistemi tasarlanmıştır. Bu sistemde pişirilmeye hazır olan hamurların tasarlanan tezgâhın üzerinde taşıyıcı bantlarla fırına otomatik olarak taşınmaktadır. Taşıma işlemi sırasında tüm hamurların üç boyutlu alan taraması yapan sensörlerin önünün den geçirilerek üç boyutlu görüntüsü oluşturulmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda bir parabolik eğri oluşturulmakta ve taşıma işlemini yapan tezgâhımızın üzerine kurulan 3 eksenli robot sistemi ile hamurların üzerini çizme işlemi yapılmaktadır. Bu sayede bir insanın dakikada yapmış olduğu hamur çizme işleminin 100 katı bu makine ile yapılmaktadırIn the factories where bread production is made, in order to make the bread baked better, the drawing process is carried out with the methods called 'throwing knives' on the doughs. All of these operations are carried out in Turkey by the hand of man. The contact of the workers with the dough creates problems in terms of sterility and is slow in serial training. A robotic system has been designed to eliminate the human factor in the factories and to establish faster and sterile bread production lines. In this system, the doughs ready to be baked are automatically transported to the oven with conveyor belts on the designed counter. During the transportation process, the three-dimensional image of all doughs is passed through the front of the sensors that scan the area. As a result of the data obtained, a parabolic curve is created and the process of drawing over the doughs is made with the 3-axis robot system installed on our machine that carries the transport process. In this way, 100 times the dough drawing process done by a person per minute is made with this machi
The Relationship between Effective Teacher Characteristics and Reasons for Choosing Teaching Profession: Development of an Effective Teacher Inventory
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