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    Desıgn And User Satısfactıon Of Shoppıng Streets: Case Study Of Antalya Atatürk Street

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    Birçok kentli için kamusal dış mekânı, caddeler temsil etmektedir. Kent kimliğini ve kent karakterini yansıtan caddeler, tez çalışmasında alışveriş caddesi özelinde ele alınmıştır. Günümüzde, alışveriş kavramının boyutlarındaki değişim, basit bir alışveriş eyleminin çok ötesinde uzmanlık dalları içeren sosyal eylemlerle (boş zamanları değerlendirme) ortaya çıkmaktadır. Alışveriş caddeleri de bu gereksinimlerin karşılandığı başlıca mekânlardır. Ancak uygun kriterler doğrultusunda tasarlanmamış alışveriş caddeleri, kullanıcılara gerekli konfor, güvenlik, erişilebilirlik, işlevsellik vb. unsurlar ile kullanıcı memnuniyetini sağlayamadığından kaybolmaktadır. Bu nedenle, kentsel yaşamın kalitesinin artmasına da katkı sağlayacak şekilde alışveriş caddelerinin uygun tasarım kriterleri ve kullanıcı memnuniyeti çerçevesinde bütüncül olarak ele alınması gerekmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, alışveriş caddelerindeki tasarım kriterlerinin kullanıcı memnuniyetine etkisi, Antalya kentinin karakterini ve kimliğini yansıtan ve sürekli değişime ayak uydurmaya çalışan Atatürk Caddesi özelinde sorgulanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, literatür araştırmaları yapılmış ve kamusal bir mekan olan caddeyi etkileyen, tasarım kriterleri ve kullanıcı memnuniyetini etkileyen, unsurlar ortaya konmuştur. Alan araştırması ve arazi anket çalışması ile mevcut durum, anket çalışması ile kullanıcı memnuniyet durumu analiz edilmiştir. Bir alışveriş caddesi olan Atatürk Caddesi'ni kamusal mekân olarak geliştirmek için tasarım rehberi önerisi oluşturulmuştur. Anket analizi, çalışma konusu ile ilgili daha önce yapılmış literatür çalışmaları, haritalar, fotoğraflar, arazi çalışmalarından elde edilen analiz sonuçları ile birlikte değerlendirilerek alışveriş caddelerine ilişkin öneriler sunulmuşturFor many urban people, public spaces represent the streets. The streets reflecting the identity of the city and the character of the city are handled in the thesis of shopping streets. Nowadays, the change in the dimensions of the concept of shopping arises from social activities (evaluation of leisure time), which include specialties far beyond simple shopping. However, shopping streets can design our appropriate criteria, users are required comfort, safety, functionality and so on. Elements that we can not provide user satisfaction is lost. For this reason, shopping streets should be handled holistically within the framework of appropriate design criteria and user satisfaction in order to contribute to the increase of the quality of urban life. Within the scope of the study, the effect of design criteria on shopping streets on user satisfaction was questioned in the case of Atatürk Street which reflects the character and identity of the city of Antalya and tries to keep up with the constant change. In this context, literature researches have been made and the elements that affect the public space street, design criteria and user satisfaction have been revealed. The current situation was analyzed by field survey and field survey and the user satisfaction was analyzed with the survey study. A design guide was proposed to develop Atatürk Street, a shopping street, as a public space. Survey analysis was evaluated with previous literature studies, maps, photographs, analysis results obtained from field studies and suggestions for shopping streets were presented

    N-glycolyl chondroitin synthesis using metabolically engineered E. coli

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    N-glycolyl chondroitin (Gc-CN) is a metabolite of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a sialic acid that is commonly found in mammals, but not humans. Humans can incorporate exogenous Neu5Gc into their tissues from eating red meat. Neu5Gc cannot be biosynthesized by humans due to an evolutionary mutation and has been implicated in causing inflammation causing human diseases, such as cancer. The study Neu5Gc is important in evolutionary biology and the development of potential cancer biomarkers. Unfortunately, there are several limitations to detecting Neu5Gc. The elimination of Neu5Gc involves a degradative pathway leading to the incorporation of N-glycolyl groups into glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as Gc-CN. Gc-CN has been found in humans and in animals including mice, lamb and chimpanzees. Here, we present the biosynthesis of Gc-CN in bacteria by feeding chemically synthesized N-glycolylglucosamine to Escherichia coli. A metabolically engineered strain of E. coli K4, fed with glucose supplemented with GlcNGc, converted it to N-glycolylgalactosamine (GalNGc) that could then be utilized as a substrate in the chondroitin biosynthetic pathway. The final product, Gc-CN was converted to disaccharides using chondroitin lyase ABC and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring detection. This analysis showed the incorporation of GalNGc into the backbone of the chondroitin oligosaccharide

    On the electrical characteristics of Al/p-Si diodes with and without (PVP: Sn-TeO2) interlayer using current-voltage (I-V) measurements

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    The present study aims to investigate the effect of (PVP: Sn-TeO2) interfacial layer on the electrical parameters of the Al/p-Si diode. For this aim, (Sn-TeO2) nanostructures were developed by the ultrasound-assisted method, and both their electrical and optical characteristics were investigated by XRD, SEM, EDS, and UV-Vis methods. The bandgap of Sn-TeO2 was found as 4.65 eV from the (alpha h upsilon)(2) vs (h upsilon) plot. The main electrical parameters of the Al/p-Si diodes with/ without (PVP: Sn-TeO2) interlayer, such as ideality factor (n), zero-bias barrier height (phi(0)), and series resistance (R-s), were calculated by applying and comparing two methods of thermionic emission theory and Cheung's functions. These results show that the presence of the (PVP: Sn-TeO2 interlayer, along with the increase of phi(0), and the decrease of n and R-s, led to a significant increment in the rectification of MPS when compared to MS diode. The current-transport mechanisms (CTMs) of them were examined through the forward LnI(F) - LnV(F) and reverse LnI(R) - V-R(0.5) bias currents, and then, the Poole-Frenkel and Schottky field-lowering coefficients (beta) were calculated and obtained its value from the theoretical and experimental methods showed that the mechanism of the reverse current of MS and MPS diodes is governing by the Schottky emission and Pool-Frenkel mechanism, respectively

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