NORCE Research Archive
Not a member yet
3811 research outputs found
Sort by
Fra «bør» til «skal» Rammeplan for barnehagen i et implementeringsperspektiv
No full textRammeplanen for barnehage former hverdagen til barna og de ansatte i barnehagen, og er et uttrykk for samfunnets rådende syn på barn og barns oppvekst. Denne antologien undersøker hvordan den gjeldende rammeplanen fra 2017 virker i barnehagen og i barnehagefeltet – fra ulike vinkler og gjennom ulike metoder og typer av kilder. Antologien tar opp to overgripende tema: Først, hvordan barnehagemyndigheter, barnehageeiere, ansatte og andre aktører forstår mål og intensjoner med rammeplanen, og hvordan de erfarer å ta den i bruk. For det andre, undersøker antologien hvordan de samme aktørene bruker rammeplanen gjennom dypdykk på utvalgte områder: fagområdene i barnehagen, progresjon som arbeidsmåte i barnehagen, samiske perspektiver, og arbeid med barns overgang fra hjemmet til barnehagen, internt i barnehagen og fra barnehagen til skolen. I tillegg undersøkes betydningen av en styrket eierrolle og kommunenes rolle som tilsynsmyndighet. Antologien passer for bachelor- og masterstudenter og forskere i barnehagelærerutdanninger, styrer- og lederutdanninger, samt for barnehageansatte og andre innen barnehagefeltet.Fra «bør» til «skal» Rammeplan for barnehagen i et implementeringsperspektivpublishedVersio
Endret beslutningsstøtte i legevaktsentralen: effekter på hastegradsvurdering og ressursbruk
Get PDFBakgrunn: Beslutningsstøtteverktøy skal hjelpe operatørene i medisinsk nødmeldetjeneste til å prioritere mellom henvendelser om akutt sykdom og skade. Vi ønsket å undersøke om endret bruk av beslutningsstøtte påvirket hastegradsvurderinger og ressursbruk ved henvendelser til legevakten. Metode: Vi gjennomførte en prospektiv observasjonsstudie med data fra sju norske legevaktdistrikt i perioden 2015–2019. To av legevaktene innførte et nytt beslutningsstøtteverktøy. Vi sammenholdt hastegrader og ressursbruk før og etter innføringen og sammenliknet med kontroll-legevaktene. Hovedresultater: I kontroll-legevaktene var fordelingen mellom hastegrader ca. 4 % akutte, 20 % haster og 76 % haster ikke. I legevaktene som endret beslutningsstøtte, økte andelen akutte henvendelser fra 4 % til 9 % i Arendal og fra 3 % til 11 % i Tromsø. Andel hastehenvendelser økte fra 30 % til 40 % i Arendal og fra 22 % til 31 % i Tromsø. Det var økt risiko for samtidighetskonflikter mellom henvendelser som ble vurdert til å haste eller være akutte. Flere henvendelser utløste mer ressurskrevende håndtering. Konklusjon: Endring av beslutningsstøtteverktøy ga endret hastegradsvurdering, økt ressursbruk og økt risiko for samtidighetskonflikter. Vi trenger mer kunnskap om beslutningsstøtteverktøyenes egenskaper for å sikre gode pasientutfall og riktig bruk av ressurser i de akuttmedisinske tjenestene.Endret beslutningsstøtte i legevaktsentralen: effekter på hastegradsvurdering og ressursbrukpublishedVersio
It's a small world for parasites: evidence supporting the North American invasion of European Echinococcus multilocularis
Get PDFEchinococcus multilocularis (Em), the causative agent of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), is present in the Holarctic region, and several genetic variants deem to have differential infectivity and pathogenicity. An unprecedented outbreak of human AE cases in Western Canada infected with a European-like strain circulating in wild hosts warranted assessment of whether this strain was derived from a recent invasion or was endemic but undetected. Using nuclear and mitochondrial markers, we investigated the genetic diversity of Em in wild coyotes and red foxes from Western Canada, compared the genetic variants identified to global isolates and assessed their spatial distribution to infer possible invasion dynamics. Genetic variants from Western Canada were closely related to the original European clade, with lesser genetic diversity than that expected for a long-established strain and spatial genetic discontinuities within the study area, supporting the hypothesis of a relatively recent invasion with various founder events.publishedVersio
Attention deficit in primary-school-age children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder measured with the attention network test: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFObjective: To review and meta-analyze patterns of attention deficit in primary-school-age children with ADHD measured with the neuropsychological attention network test (ANT). Methods: Six electronic databases were searched to 5.05.2022. Selection criteria included prospective cohort and intervention studies; ANT used; primary-school-age; diagnosis of ADHD/at high risk. Results: Seven studies met inclusion criteria (N = 3,826). Compared with controls, children with ADHD had higher scores for Reaction Time (Hedges’ g = 0.433; 95% CI: 0.135–0.731), Reaction Time Variability (Hedges’ g = 0.334; 95% CI: 0.012–0.657), and Alerting Network (Hedges’ g = 0.235; 95% CI: 0.021–0.449) while children at high risk had higher Alerting Network scores (Hedges’ g = 0.176; 95% CI: 0.003–0.349) and Correctness scores (Hedges’ g = 1.956; 95% CI: 0.020–3.892). Conclusions: Children with ADHD and at risk of ADHD had different ANT results from children without ADHD only for the alerting network. There were no significant differences for executive and orienting outcomes. Children at risk of ADHD also made more errors (commission and omission) measured with the ANT compared with children without ADHD. Reaction time was longer and reaction time variability higher in children with ADHD than in children without ADHD, and in children at risk of ADHD compared with children without ADHD.publishedVersio
Habitat og tiltak i Aurlandsvassdraget – Statusrapport 2022
Get PDFI løpet av de siste tiårene, spesielt fra 2010 og fremover, har det blitt gjennomført flere miljøtiltak i Aurlandsvassdraget for å forbedre eller gjenopprette fiskehabitatforholdene. Dette inkluderer tiltak som gytegrusutlegg, ripping av armert elvebunn og restaurering av sideelver. I 2022 utførte NORCE LFI en ny kartlegging av habitatet i de anadrome elvestrekningene av Aurlandsvassdraget. Målet med kartleggingen var å vurdere statusen til de fysiske fiskehabitatene og evaluere effekten av habitat- og restaureringstiltakene med tanke på gyteforhold og skjulmuligheter for ungfisk. Resultatene viser en økning i gyteområder i Aurlandselva (7168 m2, 3 %) siden forrige kartlegging i 2017 (6679 m2, 2.8 %) og særlig sammenlignet med 2009 (1178 m2, 0.5 %). I Vassbygdelva var det en liten nedgang sammenlignet med 2017 (fra 3578 til 3204 m2 og fra 6.1 % til 5.4 %). Gytearealet 2022 var imidlertid også her betydelig større enn i 2009 (325 m2, 0.6 %). Skjultilgangen har økt fra et gjennomsnitt på 5.5 (2013) til 8.5 (2017) og videre til 9.1 (2022) vektet skjul i Aurlandselva. Tilsvarende målinger i Vassbygdelva viser gjennomsnittlig vektet skjul på 11.1 i 2022 sammenlignet med 12 i 2017 og 10.7 i 2013. Gyteplassene var jevnt fordelt i hele vassdraget i 2022. Restaurerte sideelver og tilkoblede vannveier har vist høyere andel gyteareal (5-9 %), skjulverdi (9-11 vektede skjul) og tetthet av ungfisk (90-255 ind./100 m2). Forventet levetid for gytegrusutlegg er estimert til gjennomsnittlig 13-18 år. Rippede områder ser ut til å vedvare over mange år med kun små endringer i skjultilgang etter 8 år. Alt i alt viser resultatene at habitatforbedrings- og restaureringstiltakene har ført til ønskede effekter på habitatkvalitet. Det gis en oversikt over tiltakene som er gjennomført de siste 10 årene. Rapporten drøfter også anbefalte videre tiltak, vedlikehold, utviklingen av fiskebestanden og mulige årsakssammenhenger.Habitat og tiltak i Aurlandsvassdraget – Statusrapport 2022publishedVersio
Utilization of Norwegian crisis shelters before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFBackground: The measures introduced to control the COVID-19 pandemic, including lockdowns and physical distancing, exerted considerable influence on society. Objectives: The aims of this study were to examine (1) the prevalence of people seeking Norwegian crisis shelters for domestic violence during the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) compared to the year before, (2) the demography and type of violence among first-time visitors and (3) to compare the utilization of the crisis shelters and characteristics of the users between shelters in the capital and the other shelters throughout Norway. Design: Observational study. Method: The study was based on data from each crisis shelter in 2019 and 2020. Comparison between the 2 years were based on corresponding periods (12 March until 31 December) and analysed with t-test and chi-square tests. Results: Total use of crises centres, residential stays and daytime visits were lower during the pandemic (n = 7102) compared to the pre-pandemic period (n = 11 814). There was a shift from daytime visits to phone contacts when the restrictions were established. There was a higher proportion of residential stays versus daytime visits during the pandemic (21.5%) compared to the pre-pandemic period (15.4%) (p ⩽ 0.001). The proportion of first-time users was higher during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic period both for residents (52.4% vs 47.1%) and daytime visitors (10.9% vs 9.0%). Among first-time crisis shelter residents during the pandemic period, fewer reported having children at home compared to the pre-pandemic period. The background of the crisis-shelter users did not differ between the capital and rest of Norway, but the capital had relatively more residents with psychological violence and threats during the pandemic. Conclusion: The utilization of Norwegian crisis shelters, especially daytime visits was lower during the pandemic. There was a shift in daytime contacts from visits to phone contact at the pandemic outbreak. To ensure that information about available crisis shelters reaches the total population, these shelters should be prepared for a higher volume of phone contacts in a future pandemic situation.publishedVersio
Biodiversity, biogeography, and connectivity of polychaetes in the world's largest marine minerals exploration frontier
Get PDFAim The abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), Pacific Ocean, is an area of commercial importance owing to the growing interest in mining high-grade polymetallic nodules at the seafloor for battery metals. Research into the spatial patterns of faunal diversity, composition, and population connectivity is needed to better understand the ecological impacts of potential resource extraction. Here, a DNA taxonomy approach is used to investigate regional-scale patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha and beta diversity, and genetic connectivity, of the dominant macrofaunal group (annelids) across a 6 million km2 region of the abyssal seafloor. Location The abyssal seafloor (3932–5055 m depth) of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, equatorial Pacific Ocean. Methods We used a combination of new and published barcode data to study 1866 polychaete specimens using molecular species delimitation. Both phylogenetic and taxonomic alpha and beta diversity metrics were used to analyse spatial patterns of biodiversity. Connectivity analyses were based on haplotype distributions for a subset of the studied taxa. Results DNA taxonomy identified 291–314 polychaete species from the COI and 16S datasets respectively. Taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity between sites were relatively high and mostly explained by lineage turnover. Over half of pairwise comparisons were more phylogenetically distinct than expected based on their taxonomic diversity. Connectivity analyses in abundant, broadly distributed taxa suggest an absence of genetic structuring driven by geographical location. Main Conclusions Species diversity in abyssal Pacific polychaetes is high relative to other deep-sea regions. Results suggest that environmental filtering, where the environment selects against certain species, may play a significant role in regulating spatial patterns of biodiversity in the CCZ. A core group of widespread species have diverse haplotypes but are well connected over broad distances. Our data suggest that the high environmental and faunal heterogeneity of the CCZ should be considered in future policy decisions.publishedVersio
Long distance dispersal and oceanographic fronts shape the connectivity of the keystone sponge Phakellia ventilabrum in the deep northeast Atlantic
Get PDFLittle is known about dispersal in deep-sea ecosystems, especially for sponges, which are abundant ecosystem engineers. Understanding patterns of gene flow in deep-sea sponges is essential, especially in areas where rising pressure from anthropogenic activities makes difficult to combine management and conservation. Here, we combined population genomics and oceanographic modelling to understand how Northeast Atlantic populations (Cantabrian Sea to Norway) of the deep-sea sponge Phakellia ventilabrum are connected. The analysis comprised ddRADseq derived SNP datasets of 166 individuals collected from 57 sampling stations from 17 different areas, including two Marine Protected Areas, one Special Area of Conservation and other areas with different levels of protection. The 4,017 neutral SNPs used indicated high connectivity and panmixis amongst the majority of areas (Ireland to Norway), spanning ca. 2,500-km at depths of 99–900 m. This was likely due to the presence of strong ocean currents allowing long-distance larval transport, as supported by our migration analysis and by 3D particle tracking modelling. On the contrary, the Cantabrian Sea and Roscoff (France) samples, the southernmost areas in our study, appeared disconnected from the remaining areas, probably due to prevailing current circulation patterns and topographic features, which might be acting as barriers for gene flow. Despite this major genetic break, our results suggest that all protected areas studied are well-connected with each other. Interestingly, analysis of SNPs under selection replicated results obtained for neutral SNPs. The relatively low genetic diversity observed along the study area, though, highlights the potential fragility of this species to changing climates, which might compromise resilience to future threats.publishedVersio
Pipe Viscometer for Continuous Viscosity and Density Measurement of Oil Well Barrier Materials
Get PDFThe barrier material is a crucial component for wells, as it provides mechanical support to the casing and prevents the uncontrolled flow of formation fluids, ensuring zonal isolation. One of the essential prerequisites for the success of cementing an oil and gas well is the efficient removal of in-situ fluids and their adequate replacement by the barrier material. The quality of the mud displacement is affected by both the density and the viscosity hierarchy among subsequent fluids. Consequently, accurate and reliable measurement of fluid properties can help ensure consistent large-scale mixing of cementing fluids and verification that the properties of the mixed fluid are according to plan. In this paper, we investigate the implementation of a pipe viscometer for future automated measurements of density and viscosity of materials for zonal isolation and perform a sequential validation of the viscometer that starts with small-scale batch mixing and characterization of particle-free calibration liquids, followed by conventional Class G cement and selected new barrier materials. Finally, a larger-scale validation of the pipe viscometer was performed by integrating it into a yard-scale batch mixer for in-line characterization of expanding Class G oilwell cement mixing. In all cases, flow curves derived from pipe viscosity measurements were compared with offline measurements using a rheometer and a conventional oilfield viscometer. After a series of measurements and comparisons, the investigated in-line measurement system proved adequate for viscosity estimation. The flow curve of the barrier materials showed results similar to measurements using a conventional viscometer, validating the proposed test configuration to continuously measure the rheological behavior of the barrier material. The pipe viscometer flow curves are generally found to be in good quantitative agreement with independent viscometer characterization of the fluids, although some of the pipe viscometer measurements likely exhibited entrance length effects. Future improvements to the pipe viscometer design involve the assessment of even longer pipe sections to allow full flow development at the highest shear rate range and possibly different pipe diameters to improve the measurement resolution of low-shear rate viscosity.Pipe Viscometer for Continuous Viscosity and Density Measurement of Oil Well Barrier MaterialspublishedVersio