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Stakeholder views on work participation for workers with depression and intersectoral collaboration in depression care: a focus group study with a salutogenic perspective
Get PDFObjective: To explore how stakeholders in depression care view intersectoral collaboration and work participation for workers with depression. Design: Focus group study applying reflexive thematic analysis using a salutogenic perspective. Setting and subjects: We conducted seven focus group interviews in six different regions in Norway with 39 participants (28 women); three groups consisted of general practitioners (GPs), two of psychologists and psychiatrists and two of social welfare workers and employers (of which one group also included GPs). Results: Stakeholders considered work participation salutary for most workers with depression, given the right conditions (e.g. manageable work accommodations and accepting and inclusive workplaces). They also highlighted work as an integral source of meaningfulness to many workers with depression. Early collaborative efforts and encouraging sick-listed workers to stay connected to the workplace were considered important to avoid long and passive sickness absences. Furthermore, stakeholders’ views illuminated why intersectoral collaboration matters in depression care; individual stakeholders have limited information about a worker’s situation, but through collaboration and shared insight, especially in in-person collaborative meetings, they (and the worker) can gain a shared understanding of the situation, thereby enabling more optimal support. Ensuring adequate information flow for optimal and timely follow-up of workers was also emphasized. Conclusions: Stakeholders highlighted the salutary properties of work participation for workers with depression under the right conditions. Intersectoral collaboration could support these conditions by sharing insight and knowledge, building a shared understanding of the worker’s situation, assuring proper information flow, and ensuring early and timely follow-up of the worker.publishedVersio
Kunnskapsgrunnlaget for forvaltning av verneområder: Samiske perspektiver
Get PDFSametingsrådet har slått fast at det er behov for revidering av eldre verneområde forskrifter slik at samisk kultur- og næringsutøvelse får bedre vilkår i verneområder. Sametingsrådet har konstatert at det er behov for et styrket grunnkapsgrunnlag som synligjør hvordan dagens verneforskrifter fungerer og hvordan utfordringer samisk kulturutøvelse, samiske næringer og lokalsamfunn opplever i møte med vernede områder. Foreliggende rapport er et oppdragsarbeid for Sametinget som systematiserer dagens eksisterende kunnskap, supplert med nye data hentet fra direkte berørte. Rapporten oppsummerer åtte ulike funn og foreslår tiltak på fire ulike felter inkludert videre forskningsbehov om ovennevnte tema.Kunnskapsgrunnlaget for forvaltning av verneområder: Samiske perspektiverpublishedVersio
The impact of lateral boundary forcing in the CORDEX-Africa ensemble over southern Africa
Get PDFThe region of southern Africa (SAF) is among the most exposed climate change hotspots and is projected to experience severe impacts across multiple economical and societal sectors. For this reason, producing reliable projections of the expected impacts of climate change is key for local communities. In this work we use an ensemble of 19 regional climate model (RCM) simulations performed in the context of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) – Africa and a set of 10 global climate models (GCMs) participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) that were used as the driving GCMs in the RCM simulations. We are concerned about the degree to which RCM simulations are influenced by their driving GCMs, with regards to monthly precipitation climatologies, precipitation biases and precipitation change signal, according to the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 for the end of the 21st century. We investigate the degree to which RCMs and GCMs are able to reproduce specific climatic features over SAF and over three sub-regions, namely the greater Angola region, the greater Mozambique region, and the greater South Africa region. We identify that during the beginning of the rainy season, when regional processes are largely dependent on the coupling between the surface and the atmosphere, the impact of the driving GCMs on the RCMs is smaller compared to the core of the rainy season, when precipitation is mainly controlled by the large-scale circulation. In addition, we show that RCMs are able to counteract the bias received by their driving GCMs; hence, we claim that the cascade of uncertainty over SAF is not additive, but indeed the RCMs do provide improved precipitation climatologies. The fact that certain bias patterns during the historical period (1985–2005) identified in GCMs are resolved in RCMs provides evidence that RCMs are reliable tools for climate change impact studies over SAF.publishedVersio
Sleep and dropout from upper secondary school: A register-linked study
Get PDFObjective The present study investigates the association between sleep in late adolescence and completion of upper secondary school. Methods The data are drawn from the youth@hordaland study, a large population-based study conducted in 2012, linked with official educational data in Norway (N = 8838). Results High school dropout was more prevalent among adolescents who had insomnia (20.6%) compared to those without insomnia (14.3%; adjusted risk ratios = 1.50; 95% confidence intervals: [2.19-2.92]). There was also a higher rate of school dropout among those who had symptoms of delayed sleep-wake phase (21%) compared to those without delayed sleep-wake phase (14.3%); adjusted risk ratios = 1.43, 95% confidence intervals: (1.28-1.59). School noncompleters were also characterized by reporting 44 minutes shorter sleep duration, longer sleep onset latency, and wake after sleep onset (both approx. 15 minutes) compared to school completers. Conclusion The importance of sleep for high school dropout rates highlights the importance of including sleep as a risk indicator and a possible target for preventive interventions in late adolescence.publishedVersio
Linking scales of sea ice surface topography: evaluation of ICESat-2 measurements with coincident helicopter laser scanning during MOSAiC
Get PDFInformation about sea ice surface topography and related deformation is crucial for studies of sea ice mass balance, sea ice modeling, and ship navigation through the ice pack. The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2), part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System, has been on orbit for over 4 years, sensing the sea ice surface topography with six laser beams capable of capturing individual features such as pressure ridges. To assess the capabilities and uncertainties of ICESat-2 products, coincident high-resolution measurements of sea ice surface topography are required. During the yearlong Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in the Arctic Ocean, we successfully carried out a coincident underflight of ICESat-2 with a helicopter-based airborne laser scanner (ALS), achieving an overlap of more than 100 km. Despite the comparably short data set, the high-resolution centimeter-scale measurements of the ALS can be used to evaluate the performance of ICESat-2 products. Our goal is to investigate how the sea ice surface roughness and topography are represented in different ICESat-2 products as well as how sensitive ICESat-2 products are to leads and small cracks in the ice cover. Here, we compare the ALS measurements with ICESat-2's primary sea ice height product, ATL07, and the high-fidelity surface elevation product developed by the University of Maryland (UMD). By applying a ridge-detection algorithm, we find that 16 % (4 %) of the number of obstacles in the ALS data set are found using the strong (weak) center beam in ATL07. Significantly higher detection rates of 42 % (30 %) are achieved when using the UMD product. While only one lead is indicated in ATL07 for the underflight, the ALS reveals many small, narrow, and only partly open cracks that appear to be overlooked by ATL07.publishedVersio
Revisiting the Mechanisms of ENSO Response to Tropical Volcanic Eruptions
Get PDFStratospheric volcanic aerosol can have major impacts on global climate. Despite a consensus among studies on an El Niño-like response in the first or second post-eruption year, the mechanisms that trigger a change in the state of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) following volcanic eruptions are still debated. Here, we shed light on the processes that govern the ENSO response to tropical volcanic eruptions through a series of sensitivity experiments with an Earth System Model where a uniform stratospheric volcanic aerosol loading is imposed over different parts of the tropics. Three tropical mechanisms are tested: the “ocean dynamical thermostat” (ODT); the cooling of the Maritime Continent; and the cooling of tropical northern Africa (NAFR). We find that the NAFR mechanism plays the largest role, while the ODT mechanism is absent in our simulations as La Niña-like rather than El-Niño-like conditions develop following a uniform radiative forcing over the equatorial Pacific.publishedVersio
Klimathon2022: Naturbaserte løysingar for klimatilpassing
Get PDFDette er ein rapport om arbeidet med å arrangere Klimathon2022. Rapporten beskriv korleis Klimathon2022 vart planlagt og gjennomført til inspirasjon for liknande samarbeidsformer mellom forsking og forvalting rundt klimatilpassing (samproduksjon av lokal klimakunnskap). Rapporten inkluderer også resultatet frå gruppearbeidet og evalueringa av arrangementetKlimathon2022: Naturbaserte løysingar for klimatilpassingpublishedVersio
Bulk Resistivity of Materials in the Si/FeSi Furnace
Get PDFThe formation of silicon carbide (SiC) and the energy distribution in the furnace are two important parameters in evaluating furnace operations. The energy distribution is determined by the resistivity of the materials in the furnace. This work aims to investigate the bulk resistivity of materials in the silicon (Si) furnace using both partially transformed carbon materials and raw charge mixes. In this study, the impact of temperature, SiC and Si content, and the addition of insulating charge materials are investigated up to 1600 °C using carbon materials as a base. The materials were treated under similar conditions to the industrial furnace. The resistivity of the carbon materials was between 7 and 17 mΩm at 1600 °C, where the char and coal were generally more conductive than the charcoal. The resistivity of partially transformed materials increased with conversion to SiC, and coal with a higher SiC content than 60% had an average resistivity at 1600 °C of around 30 mΩm. The resistivity then began to decrease as elemental Si formed in the pores. Up to 36%, the amount of Si did not affect the measured resistivity, but its presence likely causes a slight decrease. Computed tomography (CT) scans show that the SiC material is not visibly changing or transforming in the crucible during measurement. Comparing the SiC materials to carbon materials and SiC crust from the literature shows that partially transformed SiC will be as conductive or less conductive than carbon at high temperatures. At 1400 °C, the resistivity of the charge mixes that included char, quartz, woodchips, and silica–iron ore showed that the resistivity is directly proportional to the amount of the main conductive material, in this case, char. Temperature, transformation to SiC, and volume of conductive materials appear to influence the resistivity most heavily in this work. At higher temperatures, the effect of SiC content and heat treatment temperature is lessened as the range becomes smaller for these materials.publishedVersio
Characterization of a novel cold-adapted intracellular serine protease from the extremophile Planococcus halocryophilus Or1
Get PDFThe enzymes of microorganisms that live in cold environments must be able to function at ambient temperatures. Cold-adapted enzymes generally have less ordered structures that convey a higher catalytic rate, but at the cost of lower thermodynamic stability. In this study, we characterized P355, a novel intracellular subtilisin protease (ISP) derived from the genome of Planococcus halocryophilus Or1, which is a bacterium metabolically active down to −25°C. P355′s stability and activity at varying pH values, temperatures, and salt concentrations, as well as its temperature-dependent kinetics, were determined and compared to an uncharacterized thermophilic ISP (T0099) from Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius, a previously characterized ISP (T0034) from Planococcus sp. AW02J18, and Subtilisin Carlsberg (SC). The results showed that P355 was the most heat-labile of these enzymes, closely followed by T0034. P355 and T0034 exhibited catalytic constants (kcat) that were much higher than those of T0099 and SC. Thus, both P355 and T0034 demonstrate the characteristics of the stability-activity trade-off that has been widely observed in cold-adapted proteases.publishedVersio