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Kongsfjordelva - evaluering av den nye fiskepassasjen som ble etablert i 2021.
Get PDFPå oppdrag fra Pasvik Kraft AS har NORCE LFI gjennomført undersøkelser av ungfisk og gytefisk i Gednjeelva, øvre del av Kongsfjordelva, fra 2021 til 2023. Hovedformålet var å evaluere effekten av den nye fiskepassasjen som ble etablert i 2021 og som ble justert i 2022. Fiskepassasjen ble pålagt av Miljødirektoratet og hensikten var å øke produksjonsarealet for laks. Undersøkelsesområdet, Gednjeelva, strekker seg fra dammen ved Geatnajávri til samløpet med elva som kommer ut av Buetjernet, en strekning på ca. 11 km. Den nye fiskepassasjen er lokalisert ca. 4,4 km nedstrøms denne dammen. Vannføringen i området er sterkt redusert på grunn av regulering i 1939, og siden det ikke er krav om minstevannføring, er vannføringen bestemt av lokalt tilsig i restfeltet.Kongsfjordelva - evaluering av den nye fiskepassasjen som ble etablert i 2021.publishedVersio
Time trends in adolescent depressive symptoms from 2010 to 2019 in Norway: real increase or artifacts of measurements?
Get PDFBackground Whether the recent rise in adolescent self-reported depressive symptoms is influenced by changing reporting behavior is much debated. Most studies use observed sum scores to document trends but fail to assess whether their measures are invariant across time, a prerequisite for meaningful inferences about change. We examined whether measurement noninvariance, indicative of changing perceptions and reporting of symptoms, may influence the assessment of time trends in adolescent depressive symptoms. Methods Data stem from the nationwide repeated cross-sectional Ungdata-surveys (2010–2019) of 560 712 responses from adolescents aged 13 to 19 years. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Kandel and Davies' six-item Depressive Mood Inventory. Using structural equation modeling, we examined measurement invariance across time, gender and age, and estimated the consequences of noninvariance on cross-cohort time trends. Results Across most conditions, the instrument was found measurement invariant across time. The few noninvariant parameters detected had negligible impact on trend estimates. From 2014, latent mean depressive symptom scores increased among girls. For boys, a U shaped pattern was detected, whereby an initial decrease in symptoms was followed by an increase from 2016. Larger issues of noninvariance were found across age in girls and between genders. Conclusions From a measurement perspective, the notion that changed reporting of symptoms has been an important driver of secular trends in depressive symptoms was not supported. Thus, other causes of these trends should be considered. However, noninvariance across age (in girls) and gender highlights that depressive symptoms are not necessarily perceived equivalently from early to late adolescence and across gender.Time trends in adolescent depressive symptoms from 2010 to 2019 in Norway: real increase or artifacts of measurements?publishedVersio
The annual update GLODAPv2.2023: the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product
Get PDFThe Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2023 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2022 (Lauvset et al., 2022). The major changes are as follows: data from 23 new cruises were added. In addition, a number of changes were made to the data included in GLODAPv2.2022. GLODAPv2.2023 includes measurements from more than 1.4 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 1108 cruises. The data for the now 13 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11), CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6) have undergone extensive quality control with a focus on the systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but converted to World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. For the present annual update, adjustments for the 23 new cruises were derived by comparing those data with the data from the 1085 quality-controlled cruises in the GLODAPv2.2022 data product using crossover analysis. SF6 data from all cruises were evaluated by comparison with CFC-12 data measured on the same cruises. For nutrients and ocean carbon dioxide (CO2), chemistry comparisons to estimates based on empirical algorithms provided additional context for adjustment decisions. The adjustments that we applied are intended to remove potential biases from errors related to measurement, calibration, and data-handling practices without removing known or likely time trends or variations in the variables evaluated. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 µmol kg−1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 µmol kg−1 in total alkalinity, 0.01–0.02 in pH (depending on region), and 5 % in the halogenated transient tracers. The other variables included in the compilation, such as isotopic tracers and discrete CO2 fugacity (fCO2), were not subjected to bias comparison or adjustments.
The original data, their documentation, and DOI codes are available at the Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System of NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), which also provides access to the merged data product. This is provided as a single global file and as four regional ones – the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans – under https://doi.org/10.25921/zyrq-ht66 (Lauvset et al., 2023). These bias-adjusted product files also include significant ancillary and approximated data, which were obtained by interpolation of, or calculation from, measured data. This living data update documents the GLODAPv2.2023 methods and provides a broad overview of the secondary quality control procedures and results.publishedVersio
Resultater fra fokusgruppe med ryddeaktører
Get PDFI en arbeidspakke i det større prosjektet Rydderisk - Beslutningsmatrise for effektiv og skånsom rydding av ulike miljøer, har vi undersøkt mulige negative virkninger av rydding av plast. Som en del av dette arbeidet har vi invitert ryddeaktører fra ulike organisasjoner og deler av landet for å diskutere sine erfaringer fra feltet. Delrapporten er basert på et fokusgruppeintervju med tre erfarne ryddeaktører. Resultatene viser at de som er involvert i ryddeaktiviteter på jevnlig basis gjør fortløpende vurderinger av miljørisikoer når de er ute i feltet, og noen aktører har utviklet omfattende risikomatriser og beredskapsplaner som brukes aktivt. Ulike kartverktøy brukes også aktivt i ryddearbeidet, men gir ikke nødvendigvis god nok informasjon og må suppleres av tett dialog med offentlige aktører i det lokale miljøvernsarbeidet, samt vurderinger i feltet. Det etterlyses et redskap i form av «standarder» som gjør det enklere å vurdere når man eventuelt ikke bør rydde, og en digitalt tilgjengelig sjekkliste eller lignende som kan være med på å skape mer bevissthet rundt behovet for å gjøre slike vurderinger. Dette gjelder ikke minst frivillig oppryddingsarbeid.Resultater fra fokusgruppe med ryddeaktørerpublishedVersio
How Is Synoptic-Scale Circulation Influenced by the Dynamics of Mesoscale Convection in Convection-Permitting Simulations over West Africa?
Get PDFUnderstanding how mesoscale convection interacts with synoptic-scale circulations over West Africa is crucial for improving regional weather forecasts and developing convection parameterizations to address biases in climate models. A 10-yr pan-African convection-permitting simulation and a corresponding parameterized simulation for current-climate conditions are used to calculate the circulation budget around a synoptic region over the diurnal cycle, splitting processes that modulate circulation tendency (vorticity accumulation and vortex tilting) into diurnal mean and anomalous contributions. Dynamical fields are composited around precipitating grid cells during afternoon and overnight convection to understand how the mesoscale convection modulates synoptic-scale processes, and the composites are compared with an observational case. The dominant process modulating circulation tendency was found to be synoptic-scale vorticity accumulation, which is similar in the two simulations. The greatest difference between the simulated budgets was the tilting term. We propose that the tilting term is affected by convective momentum transport associated with precipitating systems crossing the boundary of the region, whereas the stretching term relies on the convergence and divergence induced by storms within the region. The simulation with parameterized convection captures the heating profile similarly to the simulation with explicit convection, but there are marked differences in convective momentum transport. An accurate vertical convergence structure as well as momentum transport must be simulated in parameterizations to correctly represent the impacts of convection on circulation.publishedVersio
One size fits most: On the emergence of differentiated regional policy in Poland
No full textIn recent years, Poland has experienced exceptional and consistently high levels of economic growth. An important component of this growth has been the role played by regional policy. However, while Polish regions generally enjoy high levels of autonomy and have received considerable support from the EU, the changing structure and orientation of Polish regional development strategies remains an understudied area. This paper uses recent advances in the field of text mining to identify the similarity of regional strategies to identify whether Polish regions differentiate regional policy in their regional development strategies. Our results indicate that Polish regional development strategies have diverged significantly during the years covered by the two periods studied and that this degree of change appears to be strongly influenced by spatial factors. This increased divergence supports the notion of the greater use of differentiated regional policy in Poland.publishedVersio
Sortland kommune – plan for forvaltningsrevisjon og eierskapskontroll 2024–2027 Beslutningsgrunnlag
Get PDFDenne rapporten utgjør beslutningsgrunnlag for Sortland kommunes plan for forvaltningsrevisjon og eierskap for perioden 2024–2027. Rapporten er basert på en overordnet analyse av kommunens virksomhet og eierskap i selskaper. Analysen er gjennomført ved hjelp av en triangulering av ulike metoder og kilder, inkludert kvantitative registerdata (fra SSBs KOSTRA database), og kvalitativ dokumentanalyse. Beslutningsgrunnlaget munner ut i en prioritert liste over anbefalte forvaltningsrevisjoner og eierskapskontroller i kommende periode.Sortland kommune – plan for forvaltningsrevisjon og eierskapskontroll 2024–2027 BeslutningsgrunnlagpublishedVersionpublishedVersionpublishedVersio
Metaheuristic algorithms and their applications in wireless sensor networks: review, open issues, and challenges
Get PDFMetaheuristic algorithms have wide applicability, particularly in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), due to their superior skill in solving and optimizing many issues in different domains. However, WSNs suffer from several issues, such as deployment, localization, sink node placement, energy efficiency, and clustering. Unfortunately, these issues negatively affect the already limited energy of the WSNs; therefore, the need to employ metaheuristic algorithms is inevitable to alleviate the harm imposed by these issues on the lifespan and performance of the network. Some associated issues regarding WSNs are modelled as single and multi-objective optimization issues. Single-objective issues have one optimal solution, and the other has multiple desirable solutions that compete, the so-called non-dominated solutions. Several optimization strategies based on metaheuristic algorithms are available to address various types of optimization concerns relating to WSN deployment, localization, sink node placement, energy efficiency, and clustering. This review reports and discusses the literature research on single and multi-objective metaheuristics and their evaluation criteria, WSN architectures and definitions, and applications of metaheuristics in WSN deployment, localization, sink node placement, energy efficiency, and clustering. It also proposes definitions for these terms and reports on some ongoing difficulties linked to these topics. Furthermore, this review outlines the open issues, challenge paths, and future trends that can be applied to metaheuristic algorithms (single and multi-objective) and WSN difficulties, as well as the significant efforts that are necessary to improve WSN efficiency.publishedVersio
A comparative study of the alternative life history of iteroparous salmonids
Get PDFThe kelt phase of anadromous iteroparous salmonid life history remains mysterious, particularly aspects of their habitat use and factors influencing survival. Atlantic salmon and sea-run brown trout were captured in the estuary during their return migration to the Vosso River, Norway, tagged with acoustic transmitters, and tracked in the watershed and estuary in three different years (2020–2023). We found a relatively narrow window of river exit timing among trout that survived overwinter, whereas salmon tended to leave during a more protracted period. Trout preferred overwintering in lakes within the river system, which provided for lower locomotor activity than fish that overwintered in pools in the river according to data from tri-axial accelerometer transmitters. In contrast, Atlantic salmon tended to spend surprisingly little time in lakes even though the energy expenditure in this habitat is was seemingly lower for salmon that did overwinter in the lake. Our results demonstrate different use of habitat during overwintering and could suggest that measures to protect iteroparous life history strategies of salmonids will differently impact these two iteroparous salmonids.publishedVersio