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Exploration of Training Strategies for a Quantile Regression Deep Neural Network for the Prediction of the Rate of Penetration in a Multi-Lateral Well
Full text linkIn recent years, rate of penetration (ROP) prediction using machine learning has attracted considerable interest. However, few studies have addressed ROP prediction uncertainty and its relation to training data and model inputs. This paper presents the application of a quantile regression deep neural network (QRDNN) for ROP prediction on multi-lateral wells drilled in the Alvheim field of the North Sea. The quantile regression framework allows the characterization of the prediction uncertainty, which can inform the end-user on whether the model predictions are reliable. Three different training strategies for the QRDNN model are investigated. The first strategy uses individual hole sections of the multi-lateral well to train the model, which is then tested on sections of similar hole size. In the second strategy, the models are trained for specific formations encountered in the well, assuming the formation tops are known for both the training and test sections. The third strategy uses training data from offset wells from the same field as the multi-lateral well, exploring different offset–well combinations and input features. The resulting QRDNN models are tested on several complete well sections excluded from the training data, each several kilometers long. The second and third strategies give the lowest mean absolute percentage errors of their median predictions of 27.3% and 28.7% respectively—all without recalibration for the unknown test well sections. Furthermore, the third model based on offset training gives a robust prediction of uncertainty with over 99.6% of actual values within the predicted P10 and P90 percentiles.publishedVersio
pyopmspe11: A Python framework using OPM Flow for the SPE11 benchmark project
Full text linkThe imperative to achieve climate change goals and the increasing worldwide demand for energy have made geological carbon storage (GCS) technology more relevant today. Since utilizing computational models is essential for planning large-scale GCS projects, it is crucial to benchmark simulation tools to enhance confidence in their results. Inspired by a recent validation study for laboratory-scale CO2 storage (Flemisch et al., 2024), a new comparative solution project (CSP) was launched to simulate both lab- and field-scale CO2 storage (Nordbotten et al., 2024). This project is called the 11th Society of Petroleum Engineers CSP, and we refer to it as the SPE11 benchmark. The main objective for the SPE11 benchmark is to provide a common platform and reference case for numerical simulation of GCS. A community effort was run by the “Early Access Team” to create utility scripts and input files for popular simulators to make participation more accessible. As part of the “Early Access Team”, we have developed and made open the pyopmspe11 tool which facilitates reproducible solutions to the SPE11 benchmark. This tool serves as a common starting point for developing and testing new GCS simulation technology. Due to its user-friendly functionality (e.g., generation of different types of grids at different grid resolutions, flexibility to choose different rock and fluid properties, flexibility to define well/source locations and schedule for operations), it is expected that its impact will extend far beyond the initial benchmark study (e.g., studies focusing on grid refinement, upscaling/coarsening approaches, numerical solvers, optimization/history matching techniques).publishedVersio
Health-Related Quality of Life Among Unaccompanied Refugee Minors Settled in a Norwegian Municipality
Full text linkThe study aimed to examine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a group of unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) and to investigate associations between HRQoL and potential risk and protective factors. The sample includes 79 URMs aged 15 to 20 (83.3% male; 80% response rate) who responded to the KIDSCREEN-27 as a measure of HRQoL. URMs reported lower scores on the HRQoL Index (d = 0.5), physical well-being (d = 0.8), psychological well-being (d = 0.7), autonomy and caregiver relations (d = 0.5), and peers and social support (d = 0.5), but not school environment (d = 0.04) compared to European population norms. Participants with fewer symptoms of depression had better HRQoL across all dimensions, and URMs with fewer post-traumatic symptoms and less frequent contact with contact persons reported better psychological well-being. All effect sizes ranged from small to medium. Contact with family in the home country was not significantly associated with HRQoL. Potential traumatic events were negatively associated with psychological well-being and peers and social support in post-hoc analyses. To conclude, URMs presented lower HRQoL than European population norms, and HRQoL was related to their reported mental health symptoms.publishedVersio
Fiskebiologiske undersøkelser i Forsandåna (Sluttrapport høst 2024)
Full text linkI forbindelse med utvidelsen av et sandtak på Forsand ble det vedtatt å flytte og senke deler av Forsandåna. NORCE LFI fikk oppdraget med å planlegge den nye elvestrekningen og bistå med rådgiving under arbeidet, samt overvåke flytting og reetablering av fisk, bunndyr og vegetasjon. Utformingen av den nye elvestrekningen ble basert på prinsippene for naturrestaurering, med mål om å skape en naturtypisk elvemorfologi som inkluderte en bred flomsone, tilhørende naturtyper og mulighet for egendynamisk, prosessbasert utvikling. Arbeidet med omleggingen startet i 2018, og mesteparten av arbeidet var avsluttet i 2023, men mindre etterarbeid pågikk også i 2024. I 2024 fremstår den nye elvestrekningen som en naturtypisk elv med tilhørende elveslette. Der terrenget er senket mest er det et bratt, men passerbart fossestryk, og ellers dominerer kulp-stryk-typen med grus og rullesteinbunn. Ungfisktetthetene av laks og aure varierte og sank under anleggsfasen, men har økt de siste årene. I 2024 var ungfisktetthetene høyere enn før omleggingen. Det totale vanndekte arealet er imidlertid noe redusert i den nye elvestrekningen (- 3 %), ettersom den er litt kortere enn den opprinnelige. Til tross for denne reduksjonen har habitatkvaliteten for fisk blitt forbedret, og ungfisktetthetene har økt. Som følge av dette er ungfiskestimatet for hele den anadrome delen av elven i 2024 høyere enn før omleggingen. Gytefiskbestanden av laks og sjøaure har variert i perioden og ligger på omtrent samme nivå som før omleggingen, men var høyest i årene 2022, noe som samsvarer med bestandsutviklingen i regionen. Med den økte ungfiskbestanden er det grunnlag for en potensiell økning i gytefiskbestanden fremover, forutsatt at sjøoverlevelsen er tilstrekkelig god. Utformingen av elveløpet og elvesletta er gjort slik at de naturtypiske habitatforholdene er til stede, inkludert periodiske oversvømmelser, morfodynamikk og høy grunnvannstand. Forutsetningene for en naturtypisk flommark, inkludert sumpskog, er derfor skapt. Utviklingen av vegetasjon er i gang, men det vil ta flere år før den er fullt etablert. En tilpasset overvåking og behovsstyrt finjustering skal sikre at den positive utviklingen fortsetter videre i henhold til målsettingen.Fiskebiologiske undersøkelser i Forsandåna (Sluttrapport høst 2024)publishedVersio
Overvåking av innsjøer og elver i Jæren vannområde 2024
Full text linkRapporten gjengir resultatene fra overvåkingen av innsjøer og elver i Jæren vannområde i 2024. Totalt var 8 innsjøer med i programmet dette året. Begroing ble undersøkt ved 3 elvelokaliteter og bunndyr ved 12 elvelokaliteter. For rapporteringen er det i tillegg samlet inn og vurdert data fra kommunal og statlig overvåking av næringsstoffer (fosfor og nitrogen) i 6 elver. Resultatene er vurdert og fremstilt i samsvar med gjeldende klassifiseringsveileder.publishedVersio
Beyond Physical Access: Exploring Interaction With Political Content in Social Media Among Citizens Living in Poverty
Full text linkRecent research highlights that social media may increase social inequalities in engagement with news and political information. This article explores how citizens living in poverty interact with political content in social media. To do so, it draws on material from a large qualitative effort, comprising 2 rounds of in-depth interviews with 41 citizens living in poverty in Norway, but focuses particularly on 14 interviewees who participated in a social media walk-through method. This article highlights how intersectional categories and circumstances such as gender, ethnicity, class, age, education, and parenthood are significant in shaping how citizens living in poverty encounter and interact with political content in social media. Furthermore, it discusses the significance of intersectionality for Matthew effects in engagement with news and political information in social media. Thus, it argues the importance of considering intersectionality when assessing digital inequalities in general, but particularly about information inequalities in social media.publishedVersio
Aksept for trafikksikkerhetstiltak: En litteraturstudie og analyse av aksept
Full text linkFor å nå målet om at det ikke skal forekomme ulykker med drepte og hardt skadde i trafikken, kan det være behov for mer inngripende tiltak, som kan møte ulik grad av aksept. Aksept for forskjellige tiltak er påvirket av ulike faktorer, og denne rapporten presenterer litteraturen knyttet til aksept generelt og trafikksikkerhetstiltak mer spesifikt. Rapporten viser at risikooppfatning, vaner, verdier og sosiale normer er faktorer som påvirker aksept for tiltak. Rapporten avsluttes med noen praktiske kommunikasjonsverktøy som kan brukes for å øke aksept.Aksept for trafikksikkerhetstiltak: En litteraturstudie og analyse av akseptpublishedVersio
The Application of a Multidisciplinary Framework for Optimizing the Monitoring System for Geological CO2 Storage
Full text linkThe technical objective of a monitoring system is to provide the means to detect potential irregularities related to the project plan, to provide assurance that the migration of the CO2 plume stays within the storage unit, and to show that CO2 behaves in conformance with the model predictions. From an operational point of view, monitoring will also provide data that can be used to optimize the injection schedule relative to the storage capacity and availability of CO2 to minimize risks and long-term costs. Finally, monitoring is a crucial factor for the public perception of risks related to CO2 storage, as surveys indicate that adequately designed monitoring can mitigate concerns. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a holistic, transdisciplinary, multi-criteria decision-making framework. The objective of this work is to apply the AHP framework to monitoring-solutions for a synthetic geological storage site of CO2 to secure the technical, operational, and societal embeddedness of the solutions and gain experience in how this can be applied to a real project. Through this first application of AHP within the field of geological carbon storage, the AHP was found to be a structured and transparent framework for holistic, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), where the wisdom and expertise of different domain experts were considered. A further novelty in this study is introducing a measure of spread in assessing the various solution alternatives’ capacity to meet monitoring criteria. This approach was utilized to underscore disparities among respondents’ experiences and to identify potential informational deficiencies in evaluating alternatives and devising the optimal monitoring solution.The Application of a Multidisciplinary Framework for Optimizing the Monitoring System for Geological CO2 StoragepublishedVersio
Mapping the institutional landscape of climate service demand, development and delivery for agriculture in Malawi
Full text linkThis report describes the institutional landscape for the development, delivery and use of climate information services (CIS) in Malawi. It describes the wider policy context for climate adaptation, climate finances and agriculture in the country and maps the actors involved in the development, delivery and use of climate services. Doing so, it provides knowledge on local and institutional CIS use in Malawi and provides a deeper understanding of which capacities and knowledge systems exist across agricultural decision-making. This report draws on a variety of sources, namely a review of policy documents and grey literature, on focus group discussions with farming communities in Machinga district, and on semistructured interviews with selected policymakers, authorities, and non-governmental actors at national and district levels.Mapping the institutional landscape of climate service demand, development and delivery for agriculture in MalawipublishedVersio
“The Poor Are Hit the Hardest”—Norwegians' Perceptions of Climate (In)Justice
Full text linkThe concept of climate justice is frequently discussed in academic literature focusing on the societal impacts of climate change and climate policy. Less attention has been paid to the public's understanding of the concept. In this paper, we investigate whether the public acknowledges a link between climate change and (in)justice, and, if so, what they consider unjust. A representative sample of the Norwegian public (N = 1923) was asked what, if anything, they think can be unjust about climate change, in an open-ended survey question. Categorizing the responses in line with conventional climate justice dimensions, we found that the majority of respondents referred to some type of distributional justice, while few referred to procedural or recognition justice arguments. Analysing the responses in a bottom-up manner, by identifying recurring themes, revealed a frequent emphasis on international distribution, followed by distribution between rich and poor and unjust climate policies. We also identified arguments diffusing Norway's responsibility, typically focusing on Norway being a small country. Our findings give insights into the type of justice arguments likely to be recognized and accepted by the Norwegian public, and how this may vary between social groups.“The Poor Are Hit the Hardest”—Norwegians' Perceptions of Climate (In)JusticepublishedVersio