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Genomic analysis of Massilia antarctica subsp. insulae subsp. nov., a violacein- and aminochelin-producing bacterium isolated from Horseshoe Island, Antarctica
Get PDFMicroorganisms isolated from polar regions are recognized for their considerable capability to encode unique proteins and metabolic pathways with importance for biotechnological applications. Specifically, microorganisms capable of generating pigments possessing antioxidant and antimicrobial properties as a strategy for survival amidst challenges like high ultraviolet radiation, low temperature, oxidative stress and microbial competition are noteworthy. In this research, we discovered a new subspecies of the species Massilia antarctica, designated as H27-R4T, which was isolated from a soil sample collected at Horseshoe Island in Antarctica. Strain H27-R4T is a purple-pigmented, rod-shaped, Gram-negative, and aerobic bacterium. Pairwise comparison of the 16S rRNA genes showed that the strain shares 100% identity with the type strain of Massilia antarctica P8398T and Massilia frigida CCM 8695 T, while the highest average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of 97.1% and 73.7%, respectively, were observed between strain H27-R4T and M. antarctica P8398T. The whole-genome analysis revealed a metabolic potential in terms of secondary metabolism, resistance to antimicrobials and heavy metals, adaptation to cold environments, stress response mechanisms and metabolism of aromatic compounds. In addition, the strain exhibited pathways for violacein and aminochelin biosynthesis. Phylogenomic analyses confirmed that strain H27-R4T represents a novel subspecies for which the name Massilia antarctica subsp. insulae subsp. nov. is proposed.Presidency of The Republic of TurkiyeMinistry of Industry and Technolog
A study on contemporary Iraqi Turkmen short stories
Get PDFBu çalışma, Irak Türkmen edebiyatının önemli bir türü olan hikâyeciliği sosyo-kültürel boyutlarıyla ele almaktadır. Irak Türkmen hikâyecileri yalnızca edebî üretim yapmakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda kimlik, kültür ve dil mücadelesinin de sözcüsü olmuşlardır. Özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren yoğunlaşan kimlik baskısı, göç ve asimilasyon gibi sorunların Türkmen hikâyelerine nasıl yansıdığı incelenmiş; hikâyelerin kültürel direnişin bir aracı olarak nasıl işlev gördüğü değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Mehmet Ömer Kazancı tarafından hazırlanan Günümüz Irak Türkmen Öyküsü adlı antoloji merkez alınarak çağdaş Irak Türkmen hikâyeciliği kapsamlı bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir. Antolojide yer alan 32 yazarın biyografik bilgileri ve edebî kimliklerine dair bilgiler sunulmuş; seçilen örnek hikâyeler üzerinden yapı, tema ve izlek analizleri yapılarak kültür ve değer unsurları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, hikâyelerde yer alan sosyal eleştiri temaları ve dil-anlatım özellikleri de değerlendirme kapsamına alınmıştır. Çalışma; giriş, üç ana bölüm ve sonuç ile kaynakça kısımlarından oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Irak Türkmenlerinin tarihçesi, coğrafi yerleşimleri, demografik yapısı, dil özellikleri ve edebî gelenekleri ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde hikâyelerin yapısal özellikleri; olay ve durum hikâyesi ayrımı, olay örgüsü, kişi, zaman, mekân, dil ve anlatım yönünden incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise tema ve izlekler mercek altına alınmış; bu incelemeye zemin hazırlamak amacıyla yazarların eğitim ve meslek bilgilerini içeren bir tablo ile hikâyelerin tema sıklıklarını gösteren istatistiksel bir tabloya yer verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma çağdaş Irak Türkmen hikâyesinin birikim ve gelişim çizgisini ortaya koymayı ve bu edebî mirasın korunmasının önemine dikkat çekmeyi amaçlamaktadır.This study explores short story writing, a prominent genre in Iraqi Turkmen literature, from a socio-cultural perspective. Iraqi Turkmen short story writers have not only produced literary works but also served as spokespersons in the struggle for identity, culture, and language. The research focuses on how issues such as identity pressure, migration, and assimilation—particularly intensified since the second half of the 20th century—are reflected in Turkmen short stories, and how these stories function as instruments of cultural resistance. Within this context, a comprehensive analysis is conducted based on the anthology Contemporary Iraqi Turkmen Short Stories compiled by Mehmet Ömer Kazancı. The biographical and literary profiles of the 32 authors featured in the anthology are presented. Selected stories are analyzed in terms of structure, theme, and motifs, through which elements of culture and values are identified. Additionally, themes of social criticism, along with linguistic and narrative features, are examined. The study consists of an introduction, three main chapters, a conclusion, and a bibliography. The first chapter provides a historical overview of the Iraqi Turkmen, including their geographical distribution, demographic structure, language characteristics, and literary heritage. The second chapter analyzes the structural components of the stories—such as the distinction between plot-driven and situational narratives, as well as plot, characters, setting, time, language, and style. The third chapter focuses on themes and motifs. To support this thematic analysis, two tables are included: one detailing the authors' educational and professional backgrounds, and another presenting a statistical overview of thematic distribution across the stories. Ultimately, the study aims to highlight the development and richness of contemporary Iraqi Turkmen short story writing and to emphasize the importance of preserving this literary tradition
The role of personality traits and decision-making styles in career decision-making difficulties
Get PDFCareer decisions are one of the most important decisions individuals make in their lives. These decisions are multifaceted and complex, making them a challenging process, particularly for students. This creates obstacles for students navigating the career choice process. The aim of this study is to examine career decision-making difficulties within the framework of personality traits and decision-making styles. The target group of this study is undergraduate students studying at a public university. For this research, we collected data through online questionnaire forms. The questionnaire comprised demographic questions and three scales: career decision-making difficulties, personality traits, and decision-making styles. A total of 505 students (63.2% female) participated in the questionnaire. The research model was tested using path analysis. We also conducted network analysis in order to better understand and visualize the relationships between the sub-dimensions of the scales. The findings showed significant direct relationships between career decision-making difficulties and personality traits (conscientiousness, openness, neuroticism, and agreeableness) and decision-making styles (rational, dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous). According to the path analysis result, neurotic personality traits were positively correlated with career decision-making difficulties, while openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were negatively correlated with them. The relationship between dependent, avoidant, and spontaneous decision-making styles and career decision-making difficulties was positive. These results provide valuable insights into the factors that shape career decisions, helping students make more informed choices and manage their career paths effectively
Role of the probiotic supplementation on intestinal inflammation and structural integrity in Wistar rats subjected to a cafeteria diet during development
Get PDFProbiotics have gained significant interest in medical and veterinary sciences due to their potential to improve gastrointestinal health. This study investigates the protective role of probiotics on intestinal health in male Wistar rats exposed to a cafeteria diet during development. The experimental groups were divided into four: control, probiotics, cafeteria diet, and cafeteria diet with probiotics. Probiotics groups were administered daily at 1 x 108 CFU throughout the experiment. Ileum and colon tissues were analyzed via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, histopathological analysis, and immunohistochemical staining. The cafeteria diet group showed altered lipid profiles, increased protein carbonylation (a marker of oxidative stress), and increased mast cell density, indicating increased intestinal inflammation. Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced inflammation by reducing TNF-alpha (P <= 0.0001) and IL-1(3 (P <= 0.0001). These results suggest that probiotic supplementation during an unhealthy diet can mitigate adverse effects by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, probiotics could offer therapeutic potential in mitigating cafeteria diet-induced intestinal changes, serving as a promising dietary intervention during development to manage metabolic disorders in both humans and animals
Evaluation of risk factors for kidney function decline and chronic kidney disease in living kidney donors
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: Living kidney donors (LKDs) can be at risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several conditions are associated with hyperfiltration, such as solitary kidney, obesity, and high protein consumption. In this regard, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors for kidney function decline in LKDs and the effect of daily protein intake. Methods: Data collected from 220 living kidney donors (mean age: 48.35 +/- 12.4 years; 55% female) between 2016 and 2023 were evaluated. One-year and long-term outcomes were evaluated following donor nephrectomy, along with the risk factors for GFR decline and the development of CKD. Results: The percentage of eGFR decline was 31.15 (IQR: 19.81-37.5) in the first year and 28.18 (IQR: 18.75-38.16) in the third year after donation. None of the donors had end-stage renal disease during the 31 (IQR: 19-71) months. CKD developed in 31 (23.1%) LKDs. In the first year, the risk factors associated with a decline in eGFR exceeding 30% included male gender (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11-0.57; p: 0.001) and baseline eGFR value (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92-0.98; p: 0.002). At the final visit, the risk factors were male gender (OR: 7.19; 95% CI: 3.06-16.94; p < 0.001), age (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02-1.10; p: 0.001), and BMI (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.23; p: 0.030). For the development of CKD, the risk factors were male gender (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.09-0.71; p: 0.009) and baseline eGFR (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83-0.93; p < 0.001). No association was observed between daily protein intake and renal outcomes in LKDs following donor nephrectomy. Conclusions: In the present study, there was no significant unexpected decline in kidney function in donors in the short-term and the medium-term. Age, BMI, and low basal eGFR values should be carefully considered for LKD evaluation. Furthermore, our findings indicated that protein intake does not substantially impact the GFR. Further controlled studies are required to support our findings
The impact of macroprudential polıcies on economic growth: The case of Turkey
Get PDFTürkiye küresel kriz ile makro ihtiyati politikaya daha fazla ihtiyaç duyulmasına neden olmuştur. Makro ihtiyati politikalar tüm sektörlerin istikrarıyla ilgilenir. Kesin bir tanımı olmamasına karşın, temel amacı sistemik riski izlemektir. Bu doğrultuda makro ihtiyati politikalar istikrarlı bir ekonomik büyüme, fiyat istikrarı ve finansal istikrarı sağlamak, kısa vadeli sermaye girişlerini yavaşlatmak ve kredi büyüme hızını kontrol altına almak amacıyla Kasım 2010’da yeni politika bileşimiyle TCMB tarafından uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda tezimizin amacı, Türkiye’de makro ihtiyati politikaların ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkinliğini araştırmaktır.
Bu çalışmada makro ihtiyati politika uygulamalarını değerlendirilerek makro ihtiyati politika duruşunun, ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi ampirik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye için makro ihtiyati politika endeksi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki 2010:Q1-2023:Q4 dönemini kapsayacak şekilde ARDL Sınır Testi (Auto- Regressive Distrubuted Lag) yaklaşımı kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Ampirik bulgulara göre Türkiye’de uzun dönemde kamu harcamaları, yatırım harcamaları, cari açık ve tüketici fiyat endeksinin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Makro ihtiyati politikaların uzun dönemde GSYH üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür.The global crisis has led to an increased need for macroprudential policy in Turkey. Macroprudential policies deal with the stability of all sectors. Although there is no precise definition, its primary purpose is to monitor systemic risk. Accordingly, macroprudential policies were introduced by the CBRT in November 2010 with a new policy mix aimed at ensuring stable economic growth, price stability and financial stability, slowing down short-term capital inflows and controlling the rate of credit growth. In this context, the aim of our thesis is to investigate the effectiveness of macroprudential policies on economic growth in Turkey.
In this study, macroprudential policy applications were evaluated and the effect of the macroprudential policy stance on economic growth was analyzed empirically. For this purpose, the relationship between the macroprudential policy index and economic growth in Turkey was estimated using the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) approach covering the period 2010:Q1-2023:Q4. Empirical findings indicate that public spending, investment spending, current account deficits, and consumer price indices have a positive effect on long-term economic growth in Turkey. Macroprudential policies have been observed to have no significant effect on GDP in the long term
Thermodynamic evaluation of nanorefrigerant-enhanced cascade refrigeration system
No full textThis study investigates the thermodynamic performance of a cascade refrigeration cycle (CRC) enhanced with ZrO2 and TiO2nanoparticles using various refrigerants. The analysis, conducted using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES), examines key performance parameters such as the coefficient of performance (COP), exergy efficiency, exergy destruction, and compressor work. The findings suggest that nanorefrigerants enhance energy efficiency, with R600 demonstrating the highest COP and exergy efficiency, while R507a exhibits the lowest. It has been demonstrated that the COP and overall exergy efficiency of nano refrigerants with ZrO2 nanoparticles exceed those of TiO2. Additionally, the study highlights the potential of low-global-warming-potential (GWP) refrigerants combined with nanoparticles for enhancing refrigeration performance. The findings provide insights into the viability of nanofluid applications in CRCs and suggest future experimental research to validate the theoretical results
Boosting the photocatalytic bleaching of cotton fabric with hydrogen peroxide and a hydrogen peroxide/titanium dioxide nanoparticle blend.
No full textThis study delves into the exploration of an alternative bleaching method as a substitute for hydrogen peroxide, addressing concerns related to its excessive chemical usage, high waste load, and elevated energy and water consumption. Photocatalytic bleaching was implemented on 100% cotton fabrics. Initially, hydrogen peroxide served as a catalyst, and the photocatalytic effect was meticulously examined. Subsequently, nano-sized TiO2 was introduced into the photocatalytic recipe, and operational conditions were fine-tuned to determine the optimal bleaching process for cotton fabrics. All photocatalytic experiments were systematically compared with conventional hydrojen peroxide bleaching method. A comprehensive analysis, encompassing color spectrum values, SEM, SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR-ATR tests, was conducted. The results revealed a notable 13.36% enhancement in whiteness performance during bleaching when subjected to photocatalytic treatment with nano TiO2 and H2O2 in tandem. This study posits itself as an environmentally conscious alternative to the long-standing conventional bleaching processes prevalent in the textile industry
The image of sahabah in Twelver Shia in the historical process
Get PDFŞiî-İmâmî geleneğin inanç sisteminin temelinde nas ile tayin edilmiş bir imam düşüncesi bulunmaktadır. Bu nazariyeye göre Hz. Peygamberden sonra halife seçilen Hz. Ebû Bekir ve kendisinden sonra hilâfete geçenlerin halifelikleri geçersizdir. Bundan dolayı da Hz. Ali’nin imâmet/hilâfet hakkına aykırı hareket eden kişiler sahâbe vasfını kaybetmiştir. İlâhî imâmet nazariyesinin ispat edilebilmesi için gerek Kur'ân ayetleri gerekse tarihî olaylar bağlamlarından koparılarak mezhebî bakış açısıyla çok farklı şekillerde yorumlanmıştır. Şiî-İmâmî geleneğin sahâbe algısının şekillenmesinde siyasî bir mesele olan imâmet düşüncesi merkezi bir rol oynamıştır. Şiî-Sünnî öteki algısının oluşumunda da sahâbe konusu en önemli etkenlerdendir. Şîa’nın sahâbeyi sıradanlaştırması ve kimi zaman tekfir etmesi Ehl-i Sünnet’in onların tamamını adil kabul edip koruma çemberinin içine almasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Çalışmamızda İmâmet nazariyesinden dolayı sahâbenin İmâmiyye Şîası tarafından olumsuz bir şekilde ele alındığı görülmüştür. Hicrî I. asrın son çeyreğinde tarih sahnesine çıkan Şîa’nın ve onun en büyük kolu İmâmiyye’nin bir taraftan kurumsallaşmasını tamamlarken öteki taraftan başta Gulât-ı Şîa’nın etkisi olmak üzere siyasî sebeplerden dolayı olumsuz bir sahâbe algısını düşünce sistemine eklediği görülmüştür. İmâmiyye Şîası sahâbeye yönelik iddialarını savunurken siyasî yönetimlerin tavrını esas almıştır. Siyaseten güçlü oldukları dönemlerde sahâbeyi daha rahat eleştirirken zayıf oldukları dönemlerde bu tavırlarında yumuşamalar meydana gelmiştir. Tarihsel süreçte Emevîler, Abbâsîler, Büveyhîler, İlhanlılar, Safevîler ve sonraki dönemlerde bu tavrın devam ettiği görülmüştür. Tezimiz İmâmiyye Şîasın’daki sahâbe tasavvurunun tarihsel arka planını ve değişim sürecini detaylı ve bütüncül bir biçimde incelemeyi hedeflemiştir.The basis of the belief system of the Shiite-Imam tradition is the idea of an imam appointed by the text. According to this theory, the caliphates of Abu Bakr, who was elected as the caliph after the Prophet, and those who succeeded him are invalid. For this reason, those who acted against Ali's right to imamate/caliphate lost their qualifications as companions. In order to prove the theory of divine imamate, both the Quranic verses and historical events were taken out of their context and interpreted in many different ways from a sectarian perspective. The idea of imamate, which is a political issue, played a central role in shaping the perception of the companions in the Shiite-Imam tradition. The issue of companions is one of the most important factors in the formation of the Shiite-Sunni perception of the other. The Shia's vulgarization of the Companions and sometimes their excommunication caused the Ahl al-Sunnah to accept all of them as just and take them under their protection. In our study, it was seen that the companions were handled negatively by the Twelver Shia due to the imamate theory. It has been observed that Shia and its largest branch, Imamiyyah, which emerged on the stage of history in the last quarter of the 1st century Hijri, completed their institutionalization on the one hand, and on the other hand, added a negative perception of the companions to their thought system due to political reasons, especially the influence of Ghulat Shia. While defending their claims against the companions, the Twelver Shia took the attitude of the political administrations as a basis. While they criticized the Companions more easily in the periods when they were politically strong, their attitude softened in the periods when they were weak. In the historical process, it has been seen that this vision continued in the Umayyads, Abbasids, Buwayhids, Ilkhanids, Safavids and subsequent periods. Our thesis aims to examine the historical background and change process of the companions in Imamiyyah Shia in a detailed and holistic manner
Field-based evaluation of multi-strain pgpr to improve zea mays yield and soil nutrient dynamics in semi-arid of türkiye
Get PDFSoil fertility decline and overuse of agrochemicals threaten sustainable maize (Zea mays L.) production in semi-arid regions of T & uuml;rkiye. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) offer a biologically based alternative by enhancing nutrient uptake, root development, and soil health. In this field-based study, we evaluated the effects of a five-strain PGPR consortium (Azotobacter spp., Bacillus sp., Paenibacillus sp., Pantoea sp., and Pseudomonas sp.) on maize productivity and soil nutrient dynamics. A randomized split-plot design was used, involving four commercial maize hybrids and four inoculant doses (0, 100, 130, 160 mL/da). PGPR application significantly improved soil organic matter, phosphorus availability, and cation exchange capacity, particularly at the tasseling stage. The 130 mL/da dose yielded the highest grain productivity, suggesting optimized biological nitrogen fixation and water-use efficiency. Leaf analysis at the V15 stage revealed genotype-specific nutrient responses and elevated Zn and Cu levels under inoculated treatments, indicating enhanced micronutrient solubilization but also potential risk of nutrient imbalance. Our findings support the use of non-commercial, field-formulated PGPR consortia as a scalable component of sustainable maize systems, especially under climate-stressed conditions. The cultivar x dose interaction underscores the need for genotype-specific microbial strategies in precision agriculture