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A proactive approach to ergonomics: An evaluation of multi-method risk assessment in warehouse operations
No full textThe proactive use of ergonomic assessment methods enhances worker performance and health while improving task quality and reducing operational costs through human-centred work design. This study was conducted in a logistics warehouse, where 197 tasks across nine locations were evaluated using REBA, RULA, BAuA, and LMM-ZS. Data were collected through on-site observations and task-specific video recordings. Risk scores were normalised to a 0-100 scale to enable cross-method comparison. Multi-method evaluations create two main challenges: selecting the most suitable method for each task and integrating outcomes derived from incompatible scales. To address these issues, a harmonised framework is proposed that standardises score ranges and categorical zones across the four methods
Tailoring zno thin films via ald: Impact of cycle number on structural, optical, wettability, photocatalytic and morphological properties
No full textZinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD), with the number of cycles varied from 50 to 500 to control film growth and properties. The thickness increased from 12.5 to 100.75 nm with increasing cycle number. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy revealed a structural evolution from amorphous to polycrystalline wurtzite ZnO, accompanied by enhanced crystallinity at higher cycles. Atomic force microscopy showed a non-linear variation in surface roughness, with a maximum at 100 cycles and a minimum at 500 cycles, along with an increased fractal dimension (FD = 2.753). Optical transmittance in the visible region decreased from over 91% to 78.6%, while the optical band gap widened from 3.23 to 3.42 eV. The refractive index increased with deposition cycles, indicating improved film density. Contact angle measurements revealed a transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behavior, attributed to smoother surfaces and reduced surface energy. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV illumination reached a maximum efficiency of 33% at 250 cycles, due to an optimal balance between grain size, surface roughness, and defect density. Kinetic analysis followed a pseudo-second-order model (R2 approximate to 1), suggesting surface-controlled reaction kinetics. These results highlight the effectiveness of ALD cycle tuning for optimizing ZnO thin films for photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications
Genetic parameters for rumination time, daily average milk temperature, and milking traits derived from automatic milking systems in holstein cattle
No full textAutomatic Milking Systems (AMSs) enable the continuous recording of production, milkability, behavioral, and physiological traits, offering new opportunities for genetic evaluation in dairy cattle. This study aimed to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for milk yield-related traits, milking efficiency traits, rumination time (RT), and daily average milk temperature (MTEMP) using AMS-derived data from 1252 Holstein cows. 65,475 weekly records from a single commercial herd were analyzed using repeatability animal models fitted by restricted maximum likelihood. Heritability estimates were moderate to high for milking time (MT) (0.31), milking speed (MS) (0.38), RT (0.30), and MTEMP (0.28), whereas behavioral traits such as number of milking (NoM) (0.26) and number of refused (NoREF) (0.11) showed lower but meaningful heritabilities. Repeatability was highest for MT and MS (0.77 and 0.79), indicating consistent milking performance across repeated records. MTEMP demonstrated clear seasonal variation, increasing in warmer periods and decreasing during colder months, indicating sensitivity to environmental conditions. Genetic correlations among traits revealed both favorable and unfavorable associations; however, several estimates were associated with relatively large standard errors and should therefore be interpreted with caution. The inclusion of MTEMP as a proxy physiological trait derived from AMS data showed measurable genetic variation, although its biological interpretation requires careful consideration. Overall, the results suggest that AMS-derived phenotypes may contribute useful information for genetic studies of functional traits, but the single-herd structure, limited pedigree depth, and data aggregation procedures restrict the generalizability of the findings. Further multi-herd and genomics-based studies are required to validate these results and assess their applicability in breeding programs
Short and long term seizure outcomes in functional/dissociative seizures: A single center cohort study with 1-10 years of follow up from Türkiye
No full textObjective: Functional/Dissociative Seizures (FDS) are episodic events resembling epileptic seizures but stemming from psychological origins. They often result in misdiagnosis and suboptimal treatment, significantly impairing patients' quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and demographic factors associated with short and long term prognosis in FDS. Methods: The primary variables of interest were seizure outcomes at two horizons: short term (status at 6 months after discharge) and long term (status during the last 12 months within 1-10 years post-diagnosis). We defined seizure outcomes as remission vs persistence and change in seizure frequency from baseline, ascertained from VEM records and standardized clinic/telephone follow up. Results: The cohort included 147 patients; short term seizure outcomes were available for 144 and long term seizure outcomes for 138 (median follow-up 6 years; range 1-10). At 6 months, 6.9 % were seizure free; at long term follow up, 37.7 % were seizure free. In short term analysis, only early diagnosis (= 5 min) were associated with a more favorable long term seizure outcome (p = 0.027), whereas family related stressors continued to independently predict poorer prognosis (p = 0.002). Conclusions: FDS outcomes are shaped by identifiable psychosocial and clinical factors. Early diagnosis and older age at onset predict favorable short term remission, whereas family related stressors consistently predict poorer outcomes across both time horizons. These findings highlight the prognostic value of early detection and the need to address sustained family related stress in treatment planning
Integrated assessment of ventilation strategies for exposure and comfort in a multi-bed negative-pressure isolation room
No full textAirborne cross-contamination in multi-bed negative-pressure isolation rooms is difficult to control, because even high ventilation rates cannot fully prevent the short-range airflow patterns that carry exhaled air from one patient to another. This study examines how three common ventilation strategies (mixing, displacement, and aircurtain ventilation) affect patient-to-patient exposure and thermal comfort when tested under the same room layout and boundary conditions with different nominal ventilation rates (12, 18, and 24 ACH). Two separate respiratory sources were analyzed in the patients' breathing zones, and comfort was assessed using PMV, PPD, draft rate, and ADPI. The air curtain system created a clear airflow barrier between beds and produced the lowest exposure levels, although higher flow rates increased draft and reduced comfort. Mixing ventilation provided the most even temperature and velocity distribution but spread contaminants more widely. Displacement ventilation showed mixed behavior, with lower mixing near the floor but uneven exposure at low ACH. This study addresses a gap in the existing literature by offering the first direct, side-by-side comparison of these ventilation strategies in a multi-bed negative-pressure room under matched conditions, considering exposure and comfort together rather than separately. The results highlight the trade-offs between infection control and comfort and provide practical guidance for selecting ventilation strategies in shared isolation spaces
Discrepancies between expected and recovered individuals in exhumed mass graves at paterna cemetery (spain): Aggregate analysis of 15 official exhumation reports
No full textBackground: Pre-exhumation estimates of the number of individuals expected to be present in a grave are routinely used to guide fieldwork planning, laboratory workflows, and communication with families. However, the degree to which these expectations match the number of individuals actually recovered can vary across contexts and burial features. Aim: To quantify the discrepancy between the number of individuals expected prior to exhumation and the number recovered after exhumation in a set of exhumed mass graves at Paterna Cemetery, using an aggregate (global) recovery proportion derived from official reporting. Materials and methods: For each mass grave, two counts were extracted from official reporting: a) the number of subjects to be found before exhumations (NSTBF; expected); and b) the real number of subjects found after the exhumations (RNSF; recovered). Recovery percentage per mass grave was defined as RNSF/NSTBF. The primary outcome was the global recovery proportion computed as Sigma RNSF/Sigma NSTBF across all included mass graves. Results: Across 15 mass graves, 1180 individuals were expected and 1048 were recovered, yielding a global recovery proportion of 0.888 (88.8 %). The overall shortfall relative to expectations was 132 individuals (11.2 %). Mass graves recovery ranged from 0 % (0/20) to 100 % (e.g., 42/42; 98/98; 107/107). Eight of fifteen mass graves showed >= 90 % recovery, whereas two showed < 10 % recovery (1/19 and 0/20). Conclusions: In this set of exhumed mass graves, recovery totals were lower than expected overall when aggregated across features. The magnitude and variability of the shortfall support incorporating uncertainty into operational planning for recovery and identification rather than assuming expected counts will be fully recovered
The mine blast algorithm for the structural optimization of electrical vehicle components (vol 62, pg 497, 2020)
No full textTürkiye-Egypt relations in the context of the Eastern Mediterranean: A geopolitical assessment
No full textTarihsel süreç içerisinde Doğu Akdeniz havzasında kıyıdaş ve kıyıdaş olmayan devletler arasında siyasal ve ekonomik ilişkilere dayalı yoğun bir dış politika aktivizmi söz konusu olmuştur. Doğu Akdeniz havzasında ilk kez 1969 yılında, Mısır açıklarında doğal gaz keşfedilmiştir. Bu tarih sonrasında Doğu Akdeniz’de daha çok enerji alanında iş birliği imkânları artmış, bölgenin enerji jeopolitiğinde ise bölgesel ve küresel güç mücadelesi yoğunlaşmıştır. Böylece Doğu Akdeniz’in jeopolitik konumu gitgide önem kazanmıştır, 2000’lerden sonra Doğu Akdeniz denkleminin en önemli gündem konusu ise hidrokarbon kaynaklarını arama ve çıkarma girişimleri olmuştur. Aralık 2010’da başlayan Arap Baharı ile Doğu Akdeniz; sahildar devletlerinde yaşanan yönetimsel krizler ve rejim değişiklikleri ile çatışmalı ve istikrarsız bir bölge hâline gelmiştir. Bu minvalde, Doğu Akdeniz’in en önemli sahildar devletleri arasında yer alan Türkiye ile Mısır arasında Temmuz 2013’ten itibaren siyasi ve diplomatik ilişkilerde sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. İki ülke arasında yaşanan siyasi ve diplomatik gerilimler, doğal olarak Doğu Akdeniz politikalarına da yansımıştır. Doğu Akdeniz enerji ve bölgesel güç mücadelesinde Mısır; İsrail, GKRY ve Yunanistan ile Türkiye ise KKTC ve Libya ile iş birliği temelinde hareket etmiştir. Bu noktadan hareketle, iki ülkenin Doğu Akdeniz politikasını karşılaştırmalı biçimde analiz eden bu çalışmada, taktiksel ve stratejik nüansları dikkate alarak siyasi tarih, uluslararası ilişkiler, uluslararası ekonomi politik ve uluslararası deniz hukuku perspektifinden jeopolitik bir değerlendirme olarak Doğu Akdeniz bağlamında Türkiye-Mısır ilişkilerinin tahlil edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Karşılaştırmalı dış politika analizi bağlamında Doğu Akdeniz’de iki ülkenin ilişkileri, enerji jeopolitiği, bölgesel güç mücadelesi ve bölgesel krizler ekseninde şekillenmiştir.Historically, there has been intense foreign policy activism based on political and economic relations between coastal and non-coastal states in the Eastern Mediterranean basin. Natural gas was first discovered in the Eastern Mediterranean basin off the coast of Egypt in 1969. Since then, opportunities for cooperation in the Eastern Mediterranean have increased, mostly in the field of energy, and the regional and global power struggle has intensified in the energy geopolitics of the region. Thus, the geopolitical position of the Eastern Mediterranean has become increasingly important and the most important agenda item of the Eastern Mediterranean equation after the 2000s has been the attempts to explore and extract hydrocarbon resources. With the Arab Spring that started in December 2010, the Eastern Mediterranean has become a region of conflict and instability, with administrative crises and regime changes in the coastal states. In this context, Türkiye and Egypt, the most important coastal states of the Eastern Mediterranean, have experienced problems in political and diplomatic relations since July 2013. The political and diplomatic tensions between the two important countries of the Eastern Mediterranean have naturally spilled over into the Eastern Mediterranean policies. In the Eastern Mediterranean energy and regional power struggle, Egypt has acted in cooperation with Israel, the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus and Greece, while Türkiye has acted in cooperation with the TRNC and Libya. From this point of view, this study, which comparatively analyzes the Eastern Mediterranean policy of the two countries, aims to analyze Türkiye-Egypt relations in the context of the Eastern Mediterranean as a geopolitical assessment from the perspective of political history, international relations, international political economy and international law of the sea, taking into account tactical and strategic nuances. As a comparative foreign policy analysis, the relations of the two countries in the Eastern Mediterranean are shaped by energy geopolitics, regional power struggle and regional crises
Examination of middle school students' errors in fraction problems with Newman Error Analysis
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul 6., 7. ve 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin kesir problemlerini çözerken yaptıkları hataları Newman Hata Analizi basamaklarına göre incelemek ve bu hataların sınıf düzeyi ile kesrin farklı anlamları bağlamında nasıl değiştiğini belirlemektir. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak betimsel analiz tekniği ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubu, Bursa ilinde bir özel ortaokulda öğrenim gören toplam 152 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veriler, kesrin farklı anlamlarını içeren 10 açık uçlu problemden oluşan ölçme aracı ile öğrencilerin yazılı yanıtları üzerinden toplanmıştır. Elde edilen yanıtlar Newman Hata Analizi’nin okuma, anlama, dönüşüm, süreç becerileri ve kodlama basamaklarına göre analiz edilmiş; ayrıca hatalar, Newman basamaklarına dayalı olarak Wijaya ve diğerleri (2014) tarafından geliştirilen alt basamaklar çerçevesinde ayrıntılı biçimde sınıflandırılmıştır. Bulgulara göre toplam 1520 yanıtın 956’sı (%62,9) hata, 504’ü (%33,2) hata yok ve 60’ı (%3,9) kodlanamaz olarak kodlanmıştır. Hata içeren yanıtlar içerisinde en yüksek oran dönüşüm basamağında görülmüş (%37,4) bunu sırasıyla anlama (%23,5), süreç becerileri (%21,2) ve kodlama (%17,8) basamakları izlemiştir. Sınıf düzeylerine göre incelendiğinde hata oranlarının 6. sınıfta %71,7, 7. sınıfta %65,4 ve 8. sınıfta %51,2 olduğu ve sınıf düzeyi arttıkça hata oranının azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Kesrin farklı anlamlarına göre hata oranlarının belirgin biçimde değiştiği görülmüştür. En yüksek hata oranının ölçme (%74,7) en düşük hata oranının ise oran (%39,5) anlamında görüldüğü saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar, hataların özellikle dönüşüm basamağında yoğunlaştığını ve öğrencilerin problem durumunu matematiksel bir ifadeye dönüştürmede güçlük yaşadığını göstermiştir. Bu doğrultuda kesir öğretiminde kesrin farklı anlamlarına dayalı problem çeşitliliğinin artırılması ve öğrencilerin matematiksel ifade kurma süreçlerini destekleyecek öğretim uygulamalarına yer verilmesi önerilmektedir.The This study aims to analyze the errors made by 6th-, 7th-, and 8th-grade middle school students when solving fraction problems, using Newman’s Error Analysis steps. It also seeks to explore how these errors differ across grade levels and on different meanings of fractions. The study was conducted using qualitative research methods and the descriptive analysis technique. The sample included 152 students from a private middle school in Bursa, Turkiye. Data was collected through a tool containing 10 open-ended problems related to various meanings of fractions, based on students’ written answers. These responses were examined according to the reading, comprehension, transformation, process skills, and encoding steps in Newman’s Error Analysis. Additionally, errors were further categorized using subcategories developed by Wijaya et al. (2014) within Newman’s framework. Findings showed that out of 1,520 responses, 956 (62.9%) were coded as errors, 504 (33.2%) as no error and 60 (3.9%) as uncodable. Among the errors, the highest occurrence was at the transformation step (37.4%), followed by comprehension (23.5%), process skills (21.2%), and encoding (17.8%). When analyzed by grade level, error rates were 71.7% in Grade 6, 65.4% in Grade 7, and 51.2% in Grade 8, demonstrating a decline as students progressed. Error rates also showed significant differences across various meanings of fractions. The highest error rate was in the measurement interpretation (74.7%), while the lowest was in the ratio interpretation (39.5%). Overall, the results indicated that errors were mostly concentrated during the transformation step, suggesting students struggle to convert problem situations into mathematical expressions. Based on these findings, it is recommended to diversify problems based on different meanings of fractions and incorporate instructional strategies that help students develop skills in expressing mathematical ideas
The effect of Python-based programming instructıon in number teaching on middle school students’ conceptual understanding and computational thinking skills
No full textBu çalışma, ortaokul 6. sınıf matematik dersinde Python temelli programlama etkinliklerinin öğrencilerin kavramsal anlama düzeyleri (kümeler ve tam sayılar) ile bilgi işlemsel düşünme (BİD) becerilerine etkisini incelemeyi ve uygulama sürecinde sınıf içi etkileşim/katılımın ICAP (pasif–aktif–yapıcı–etkileşimli) çerçevesi üzerinden nasıl yapılandığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, gömülü karma yöntem deseni ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubu, Bursa ilinin Yıldırım ilçesinde bir devlet okulunda öğrenim gören toplam 46 erkek öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Uygulama sürecinde mevcut iki sınıftan biri deney grubu olarak belirlenmiş ve ilgili konular Python destekli etkinlikler aracılığıyla işlenmiş; diğer sınıf ise kontrol grubu olarak belirlenerek öğretim kâğıt-kalem temelli biçimde yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama sürecinde nicel boyutta kavramsal anlama testleri ile BİD testi ön test, son test ve kalıcılık testi olarak uygulanmış; nitel boyutta ise Python uygulamaları sırasında alınan ekran-ses kayıtları ve sınıf içi gözlem notları üzerinden öğrencilerin problem çözme süreçleri, söylemsel etkileşimleri ve katılım düzeyleri ICAP kategorileri doğrultusunda analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, Python destekli öğretimin öğrencilerin BİD becerilerinde ve kavramsal içeriklerde kontrol grubuna kıyasla daha yüksek gelişim sağladığını göstermektedir. Nitel bulgular, kod–çıktı–yorum döngüsü üzerinden gerekçelendirme, hata fark etme ve akranlarla ortak anlam inşa etme davranışlarının güçlendiğini ve katılımın pasif/aktif düzeylerden yapıcı ve etkileşimli düzeylere ilerlediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma, Python entegrasyonunun ortaokul matematik öğretiminde ICAP çerçevesinde etkileşimli öğrenme süreçlerini destekleyebileceğini göstermektedir.This study aims to examine the effects of Python-based programming activities on sixth-grade middle school students’ levels of conceptual understanding (sets and integers) and computational thinking (CT) skills, as well as to reveal how classroom interaction and participation are structured during the implementation process within the ICAP framework (passive–active–constructive–interactive). The research was conducted using an embedded mixed-methods design. The study group consisted of a total of 46 male students attending a public middle school in the Yıldırım district of Bursa, Türkiye. During the implementation process, one of the two existing classes was assigned as the experimental group, in which the relevant topics were taught through Python-supported activities, while the other class served as the control group and received instruction through paper-and-pencil–based methods. In the quantitative phase, conceptual understanding tests and a computational thinking test were administered as pre-tests, post-tests, and a retention test. In the qualitative phase, students’ problem-solving processes, discursive interactions, and participation levels were analyzed in accordance with the ICAP categories based on screen–audio recordings obtained during Python activities and classroom observation notes. The findings indicate that Python-supported instruction resulted in higher gains in students’ computational thinking skills and conceptual understanding compared to the control group. Qualitative findings further reveal that behaviors such as justification through the code–output–interpretation cycle, error detection and correction, and collaborative meaning-making with peers were strengthened, accompanied by a shift in participation from passive/active levels toward constructive and interactive levels. Overall, the study demonstrates that Python integration can support interactive learning processes in middle school mathematics instruction within the ICAP framework