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Unveiling Complexity: Cinematic Representations of Apartheid History and the Post-Apartheid Dutch- Afrikaner Relationship in Black Butterflies (2011) and An Act of Defiance (2017)
No full textThe cinematic representation of Apartheid, and in particular the tendency of using white protagonists to narrate the story of black suffering, has been the object of much scholarly enquiry but this has never included Dutch films. This article explores the representation of Afrikaner anti-Apartheid activism in Dutch cinema through an analysis of the films Black Butterflies (2011) and An Act of Defiance (2017). It investigates how these films perpetuate or challenge the paradigm of ‘white heroism’ and ‘white saviourism’ prevalent in cinematic portrayals of colonial and Apartheid history. Through a comparative study, it reveals nuanced narratives of white protagonists, highlighting their complexities as ‘tragic heroes’ rather than conventional ‘white saviours,’ yet at the same time suggesting a societal inclination towards absolving their past sins, echoing a broader post-Apartheid narrative of forgiveness and reconciliation. By contextualising these representations within broader societal discourses on colonialism and post-Apartheid reconciliation, the article sheds light on evolving Dutch attitudes towards Afrikaners, as the descendants of Dutch colonists, and their historical culpability, offering insights into contemporary Dutch engagement with issues of race, identity, and historical memory
Exploring New Dimensions of Archives: Finding Audiovisually Similar Programmes with the Help of Neural Networks
No full textSearching for programs with audiovisually similar keyframes offers a completely new way of finding related content. It enables researchers to analyse the re-use and spread of imagery. We have implemented a ‘Similarity’ tool in the Media Suite, a Research Environment for analysing content from audiovisual archives. User evaluation of this tool produced enthusiastic responses, and also interesting reflections on the expectations of users - ‘what do we regard as similar?’
Me and AAC - Alternative and Augmented Communication in West Germany from a Biographical and Media Archaeological Perspective
No full textThe article presents a case study on the history of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) in West Germany from the 1980s to the early 2000s, with a regional focus on the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The conceptual framework guiding this study is the question of how the meaning and individual experience of assistance evolve in conjunction with the technical development and practical use of speech computers. The article sheds light on the interplay between historical contingency and individual socio-technical situatedness of disabled AAC-users. It brings together two disciplinary perspectives in a dialogue based on interviews, published primary sources, and the description of historical hardware and software. Biographical narratives of AAC users in NRW are combined with a media archaeological case study of the institutional and technological formations and developments of AAC in the region. We discuss assistive technologies as a historically variable phenomenon. Assistance is a precarious undertaking that is constantly renegotiated by new technological developments. Each stage of assistive technology has consequences for everyday communication practices and the provision of communicative assistance, creating possibilities and impossibilities for the use of technology. For AAC users, this means that they find themselves in specific constellations that affect both their relationship with the device and their subjective preferences and established routines.
We argue that so-called assistive technologies are involved in the co-constitution of disability, and therefore suggest referring to them as ‘assistive media.&rsquo
Biblioscope and the Variety of Disability Media: The Construction and Institutionalisation of a Swedish Reading Device for People with Physical Impairments, 1954-1966
No full textIn the mid-1950s, the Gothenburg-based photographer Andrej Gavrjusjov constructed a microfilm reading device called Biblioscope, intended for hospital patients with physical impairments. Throughout the following years, reading devices and microfilmed books were distributed to hospital libraries across Sweden, but in the mid-1960s, the Biblioscope was taken out of distribution. By analysing this now largely forgotten technology, the article makes several contributions to the field of disability media studies. With a focus on material and economic factors, and intermedial relations, the article analyses the construction and institutionalisation of the Biblioscope. Although the Biblioscope was mainly aimed at hospital patients with physical impairments, the article highlights speculations about its future potential for a wider set of users, anticipating today’s reading of digital books on portable screens. In conclusion, the analysis shows how media technologies, which today seem self-evident, often have forerunners that were developed for individuals with disabilities
Archival Images of AI
No full textDrawing from digital heritage collections, Archival Images of AI is a hands-on toolkit for anyone who wants to remix, reuse, and rethink AI imagery. Whether you’re a journalist, educator, designer, or community organizer, this playbook provides the tools, techniques, and inspiration to create visuals that break stereotypes and spark meaningful conversations about AI
VIEW Journal: Time for a Jubilee
No full textEditorial letter to reflect on twelve and a half years of VIEW Journal
COLLECT*MAKE*SHARE #2
No full textCOLLECT*MAKE*SHARE biedt ruimte aan makers om zich te laten inspireren door archiefmateriaal en dit door experimenten met grafische technieken eigen te maken. Het werkproces van elke maker wordt vastgelegd in een zine, bestaande uit visuele essays, schetsen en reflecties op het collectiemateriaal van Beeld & Geluid. Zo geven de zines een inkijk in beeldend onderzoek met archiefmateriaal als vertrekpunt
Television, Animals, and History: The Early Years of the BBC
No full textAnimals have been a part of television’s offerings since its inception. Yet animals are largely absent in television’s histories; indeed, animals are largely absent in most histories, with history itself a practice that reproduces anthropocentrism. But animal histories remain methodologically problematic, given the kinds of records usually understood as historical evidence are not those produced by non-humans. And recent attempts to widen television’s histories have adopted methods – such as oral histories – that inadvertently reinforce animal exclusion, given non-humans lack of access to human-centred notions of communication and speech. This paper begins rectifying this omission, through analysis of the BBC’s early output and the purposes to which animals were put during this period. It captures how animals were enmeshed within that early experimental broadcasting, when programme-makers were still conceptualising what television was for and what attractions it could offer its viewers. That animals were drawn on as part of this process indicates how non-humans are enmeshed in anthropocentric representational strategies: and that television histories have usually all but ignored animals indicates how history as a process functions to legitimise anthropocentrism
Images as Archival Material: Understanding the Circulation of Media Content About Europe (the Project Crossing Border Archives)
No full textIn recent years, the question of the circulation of images has garnered interest from a variety of disciplinary and theoretical perspectives. This paper proposes a theoretical paradigm for analyzing the circulatory logics of audiovisual content, which serves as the foundation for the research project Crossing Border Archives (CROBORA). We advocate for the consideration of media images as archival material. The archival paradigm conceptualizes video sequences as components of larger units, enabling an understanding of how they are annotated, stored, and reused. CROBORA has collected and annotated 35,000 reuses of audiovisual archives from six French and Italian national newsreels from 2001 to 2020, focusing on themes related to the European Union. A case study examining the genealogy of the reuse of the video sequence of the Schuman Declaration will further elucidate this perspective