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Finding Traces in YouTube’s Living Archive: Exploring Informal Archival Practices
No full textThis article addresses the challenges that media historians face when they aim to reconstruct the early history of YouTube. Since the platform is constantly adapting its policies, there is a great level of uncertainty as to what is still there or what is no longer traceable. Therefore, addressing the question if and/or how YouTube can be understood as an archive is crucial and, in addition, the issue of how YouTube related content can be used as historical sources. Although many people, including media scholars, treat YouTube like an online open access archive, there are reasons to be cautious. The article will explore strategies dealing with formal but also with informal web archival practices. These informal archival practices concern users who curate early YouTube videos, user profiles and comments or even old layout versions of the website. Developing methods that critically acknowledges user-generated archival practices, and uses the insights of early generation of users’ reconstructions of the platform’s history, even if it might seem anecdotal evidence, can lead to deeper knowledge of that early community. By actively participating in reconstructing YouTube’s recent past these users shape nostalgic narratives while they also collect and share useful information that guide historians finding new traces
Everyone a Photographer: The Rise of Amateur Photography in the Netherlands 1880-1940
No full textBook review of: Mattie Boom, 'Everyone a Photographer: The Rise of Amateur Photography in the Netherlands 1880-1940', Rijksmuseum/nai010 publishers, 2019, 250 pp., isbn 978-94-6208-477-
Scherper en breder
Get PDFHet medialandschap is voortdurend in beweging. Media zijn altijd en overal om ons heen. Informatie is afkomstig uit talloze bronnen, uit de media, of komt van vrienden en influencers. Met het dagelijkse gebruik van sociale media zijn de ‘ontvangers’ van weleer zelf ook massaal afzender geworden, op zoek naar een klein of groot publiek. Deze eruptie van media brengt nieuwe uitdagingen voor het instituut Beeld en Geluid, dat de mediageschiedenis en de impact van media op mens en maatschappij wil ‘vangen’ en duurzaam wil bewaren voor raadpleging en hergebruik. Dit collectieplan informeert de vormers en gebruikers van onze collectie over de wijze waarop ons instituut met zijn collectie omgaat en de keuzes die we maken bij het vormen, het beheren en het beschikbaarstellen ervan. Het vormt de basis voor samenwerking met mediaprofessionals, erfgoedprofessionals, onderzoekers, docenten en particulieren die de collectie gebruiken en haar samen met ons verder willen ontwikkelen
‘Het onzichtbare zichtbaar maken’.
Get PDFDocumentairemaker Wim van der Velde heeft dit jaar diverse documentaires geschonken aan het archief van Beeld en Geluid. Catherine Vroon, stagiaire bij de afdeling 'Vereeuwigen' heeft naar aanleiding hiervan een klein onderzoek gedaan naar zijn oeuvre. Zo kon ze - goed beslagen ten ijs - de documentairemaker en cineast interviewen over zijn visie op de ontwikkeling van de Nederlandse documentairefilm
De Preserverings Metadata Dictionary als praktisch instrument
Get PDFDe implementatie van een standaard voor preserveringsmetadata draagt bij aan de duurzaamheid van het archief. In het algemeen is een standaard generiek opgezet teneinde een zo groot mogelijk toepassingsbereik te bedienen. Om de standaard te implementeren is een vertaalslag nodig naar de eigen praktijk. Dit artikel vertelt hoe deze vertaalslag door Beeld en Geluid is gemaakt. Het resultaat is een praktisch instrument, de Preserverings Metadata Dictionary, dat ons dagelijks helpt bij het inrichten en managen van archiveringsprocessen
Jahvetti’s Letterbox and Finnish War Propaganda on the Radio
No full textDuring World War II, radio was recognised globally as an essential propaganda machine used by all sides. At the time in Finland, one particular radio programme, Jahvetin kirjelaatikko (Jahvetti’s Letterbox), aimed to discuss and resolve citizens’ everyday worries and to simultaneously utilise a network of secret proxies who could gather information about and help to manipulate public opinion. Javetti’s Letterbox came to be the most popular broadcast in Finland during the so-called Continuation War of 1941-1944 against the Soviet Union and provides evidence of radio’s power in information warfare where citizens’ trust in Finland’s battle was at stake
Television Sound Operators: Who Were They and What Exactly Did They Do?
No full textThe working practices of below the line television operators is an area of television studies that continues to be under-researched. Despite notable recent efforts, this lack of academic engagement is perhaps at its most pronounced in regards to the sub group of television operators who record, mix, and edit the soundtrack of British television. However, hands on methodologies continue to gain traction in the area of film and television research and, in doing so, create new opportunities to engage with below the line practices and bring into focus the hidden work of production personnel. This article, aims to explore these new methodologies and assess how they can bring new affordances to researchers engaging with communities who’s practices are often seen as routine and unremarkable. Focusing specifically on the work of television sound operators this article hopes to add to the growing body of work that sheds light on the practices of sound operators and the skills, codes, and identities that shape their work. By doing so through using hands on methods, it hopes to show the benefits of such approaches to wider television and film research
From Text Mining to Visual Classification: Rethinking Computational New Cinema History with Jean Desmet’s Digitised Business Archive
No full textFocusing on the specific case of cinema owner and film distributor Jean Desmet’s digitised business archive, this article discusses how computational approaches may facilitate the archive’s unlocking for researchers in the Dutch national research infrastructure – CLARIAH –Media Suite. To this end, the article considers previous computational approaches to film- related sources in New Cinema History research in a historical perspective, suggesting a novel approach which combines text mining and visual classification. The article argues that such a combination is necessary to yield results which reflect the archive’s material heterogeneity and complexity, and that it offers a new direction for computational approaches in New Cinema History and their conceptualisations of film-related materials as historical sources
The Database ‘Revolution’: The Technological and Cultural Origins of the Big-data-based Mindset in American Management, 1970s–1980s
No full textIn this article, I counter persistent claims of big data revolutionising managerial decision making, by tracing the technological and cultural origins of data-based management in the United States back to the 1970s and 1980s using historical source materials from the trade magazine Datamation. I argue that innovations in database technology within this period – database management systems and the relational database model – shaped and reinforced a data-based mindset. This mindset, I demonstrate, is manifested in four interlinked concepts of data: data as asset, data as raw, data as reality, and data as relatable. These concepts, I argue, provide a basis for current associations of big data with ideological values of objectivity and truthfulness. The article contributes to a growing body of work in media and communication studies that deconstructs the ideological discourses facilitating big data’s unquestioned integration in the business world
Describing Gender Equality in French Audiovisual Streams with a Deep Learning Approach
No full textA large-scale description of men and women speaking-time in media is presented, based on the analysis of about 700.000 hours of French audiovisual documents, broadcasted from 2001 to 2018 on 22 TV channels and 21 radio stations. Speaking-time is described using Women Speaking Time Percentage (WSTP), which is estimated using automatic speaker gender detection algorithms, based on acoustic machine learning models. WSTP variations are presented across channels, years, hours, and regions. Results show that men speak twice as much as women on TV and on radio in 2018, and that they used to speak three times longer than women in 2004. We also show only one radio station out of the 43 channels considered is associated to a WSTP larger than 50%. Lastly, we show that WSTP is lower during high-audience time-slots on private channels. This work constitutes a massive gender equality study based on the automatic analysis of audiovisual material and offers concrete perspectives for monitoring gender equality in media.The software used for the analysis has been released in open-source, and the detailed results obtained have been released in open-data