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A Transnational Approach to Wartime Press Photography: The Case of Randall Chase Gould (1898–1979) and His Coverage of the Battle of Shanghai (August–November 1937)
No full textThis article focuses on the role of photography in the context of the Battle of Shanghai (August–November 1937), one of the first major conflicts of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). An examination of the written and photographic work by American journalist Randall Chase Gould (1898–1979), editor of the American-owned, English-language Shanghai Evening Post and Mercury (SEPM), addresses the question of how he covered the Battle of Shanghai for various transnational audiences. In pursuing an interdisciplinary approach based on transnational journalism history combined with the theoretical framework of the photographic message according to Roland Barthes, this study traces how Gould’s photographs were ‘read’ by multiple audiences in different transnational contexts. An examination of two of Gould’s photographs will highlight the dynamic interrelation between texts and images and will show how images constituted a crucial part of the intended message(s) in media reports on the Battle of Shanghai addressed to transnational audiences
Web browser characterisation, emulation, and preservation
Get PDFThis report is written for archivists and conservators who are preserving websites, either through server-side preservation or web archiving. It may also be interesting for artists or other individuals who have websites based on obsolete web technology that they would like to keep accessible. The report focuses on the impact of web browsers on the (online) websites they render and describes how web browsers can be preserved
MIMEHIST: Annotating Eye’s Jean Desmet Collection
No full textFocussing on the CLARIAH pilot project MIMEHIST: Annotating EYE’s Jean Desmet Collection, this short article discusses how the MIMEHIST project took inspiration from previous decades’ multimedia and video annotation scholarship in film studies to conceptualise video annotation functionalities for studying Eye Filmmuseum’s Jean Desmet Collection in the Media Suite. The article first discusses how MIMEHIST situated itself in relation to past and current approaches to video annotation and scholarly video editions of archival film. Subsequently, a few examples are offered of how the Desmet Collection may be studied in the Media Suite using such approaches, as a way to point to their future potential for scholars and students
GDR Cinema on Swedish Television: The Formation of Cultural Contacts and the Reception of East-German Narratives
No full textThis article studies the import of East German films by Swedish public service broadcaster Sveriges Radio, and their reception in the Swedish public sphere. While few GDR films reached theatrical distribution, Swedish television imported and broadcasted over 30 productions by the state-owned film studio DEFA during the 1970s and 1980s, making this the primary distribution window for East German film in Sweden. Relying on sources such as Sveriges Radio’s in-house correspondence and screening reports, the weekly Sveriges Radio magazine Voices in Radio/Television (Röster i Radio/TV) and the public service corporation’s annual reports, this study sheds light on the political, economic and ideological considerations involved in the cultural exchange between Sweden and the GDR
The Process of Establishing the Hungarian Television: Resolution, Failure, New Resolution
No full textThe study discloses the secretly held facts of the establishment of Hungarian Television. It analyses the four-year-long process, including fiascos of political decisions, infighting in governmental economic and political organizations, financial aspects, as well as personal conflicts and battles. It discusses the factors leading to the original resolution of establishing Hungarian Television and also the factors contributing to the failure of the resolution. Beyond showing the role and activities of the Television Department itself, the article presents the peculiarities of Hungarian Television stemming from the changes sweeping the Hungarian political, economic and social life between 1952 and 1957
Your Race Sounds Familiar?: Blackface, Cross-Racial/Cross-Gender Drag and the Your Face Sounds Familiar Franchise (2013–) on Post-Yugoslav Television
No full textYour Face Sounds Familiar, a celebrity talent television format developed by the Dutch production company Endemol and first broadcast in Spain in 2011, has entertained audiences in more than forty countries with the sight of well-known professional musicians impersonating foreign and domestic stars through cross-gender drag and, on many national editions, cross-racial drag, with results that would widely be regarded as offensive blackface where this has already been extensively challenged as racist in public. In central/south-east Europe, however, blackface is sometimes justified by arguing that it cannot be a racist practice because these countries have not had the UK and USA’s history of colonialism and racial oppression. Through a study of the Croatian edition Tvoje lice zvuči poznato (2014–), where until 2020 blackface had rarely been publicly challenged, this paper explores how far a critical race studies lens towards blackface can also be applied there
Telling Holocaust Jokes on German Public Television: The German-Israeli Comedian Shahak Shapira and His Satirical Show on Jews, Antisemites and the Rest
No full textSince 2015, Israeli-born German artist Shahak Shapira has initiated several satirical campaigns targeting antisemitism and racism in Germany and the country’s relation to the Holocaust. These interventions set Shapira’s career in motion, and in 2019 he landed a slot on the ZDF public broadcasting channel for the talk show Shapira Shapira. The show mocked antisemitism and far-right movements in Germany and reminded the viewers of the country’s history with Jews. His jokes about concentration camps and their contemporary perceptions proved to be especially effective. This article shows how Shahak Shapira and his show challenged the official narratives about Jews, antisemitism and the Holocaust. It argues that Shapira’s jokes might empower Jews and foster Holocaust awareness among the general public in Germany
Currents of Revolution: The Cuban Revolution’s Impact on the US News Media Industry, US Spanish-Language Media, and Latina/o Consumption
No full textThis article explores how the US news media was impacted by events in mid-twentieth century Cuba, namely, the 1959 Revolution and the demise of Havana as a Latin American media capital. This study argues that the Cuban Revolution and its exiles influenced the US news media industry in three significant ways: 1) propelled the expansion of US Spanish-language media, particularly the news, by incorporating Cuban media professionals and serving immigrant audiences from Cuba and later other Latin American nations; 2) removed and limited programs that angered the Cuban community by accommodating Cuban exile activists; and 3) dramatically increased coverage of Cuba and its refugees with an often anti-revolution position. By weaving together primary source materials and scholarly literature, this study reverses the conceptual direction of influence from the US shaping the Caribbean to the Caribbean’s impact on the US for a fuller picture of their transnational exchanges
Eleanor Roosevelt: Het sociale geweten van Amerika
Get PDFIn de jaren ‘40 en ‘50 legde Anna Eleanor Roosevelt historische bezoeken af door heel Europa. Als voormalig Amerikaanse presidentsvrouwe, officieel diplomaat voor de Verenigde Naties, journalist, bondgenoot en vriendin van het Nederlands Koninklijkhuis verscheen zij daardoor geregeld in de Nederlandse media. Ook vanuit het buitenland informeerde zij het Nederlandse volk over vrede, mensenrechten, de VN, vrijheden, de rassenkwestie in Amerika en sociale gelijkheid. Waarom gebruikte juist zij de Nederlandse media om deze zaken aan te kaarten? En hoe reageerden documentairemakers en journalisten hierop? Dit verslag tracht hier antwoord op te geven. Bovendien onderzoekt het de wijze waarop Eleanor Roosevelt aandacht schonk aan de thema’s die na zo’n 70 jaar nog steeds, in vele mate, de revue passeren op het Nederlandse 8 uurjournaal en in vele documentaires en reportages
Transcending Boundaries: Daily Express Correspondent Annie Christitch’s Reporting from First World War Serbia
No full textAmong the female war reporters of the First World War, Annie Christitch stands out as a journalist, lecturer and Catholic suffragist whose biography and career transcended national boundaries. Of Irish-Serbian descent, she was raised in a renowned family in Belgrade and St Petersburg, went to university in London and became fluent in several languages. During the war, she acted as correspondent for the London Daily Express and as a nurse and relief worker in Serbia, where she was subsequently detained by the Austro-Hungarian occupying forces. Christitch produced intimate eyewitness accounts that helped spread knowledge about the appalling war conditions in Serbia, Britain’s smallest ally. In 1915, she raised money and equipment for Serbian hospitals through a campaign in the Daily Express and public lectures in Britain and Ireland. Her war stories were reprinted in newspapers in the United States and the British Empire and newspapers around the world reported on her charitable work in Serbia