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    Odysseus' entrance at Sophocles Philoctetes 974

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    Early references in Philoctetes to the cave's two mouths are cited as evidence that Philoctetes entered from the cave at 219—it is said that Sophocles inserted them to inform the audience that there is an off-stage mouth. This note suggests that the only other mention of the two mouths, just before Odysseus' entrance at 974, is intended to remind the audience of the off-stage mouth so that it is comprehensible when Odysseus enters from the cave. This is speculative, but the coincidence of collocation that must otherwise be assumed should not be underestimated

    Music festival experience: cyclic place and cyclic sociality

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    The hedonistic freedoms and social experience of the festival sector are, as shown by numerous studies, the primary motivational factors for attendance, though they are by no means the only ones. For instance, the “search for authentic experience” and “transcendence of the self” are also important. Furthermore, “socializing” may be extended, for annually occurring events, into a “sense of belonging” associated with an event, its location, and with festivalgoers who return each year. It is this sense of belonging which underpins the “cyclic sociality” and “cyclic place” of an event – theoretical developments which lie at the heart of this presentation. Festivals that are held over many years may develop a coherent “sense of place” (Relph 1976), one that is imbued with personal meaning—a spatial identification with the event and its host location that helps develop brand loyalty and encourage regular attendance. Festivals become part of how people think about themselves, and the activities and memories become part of their collective experience. Drawing on fieldwork at a number of British festivals, these theoretical developments will be explored to help understand further the social experience of the outdoor music festival sector

    DVMISSION 48 Hour Film Challenge: Things to come!

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    DVMISSION 48 Hour Film Challenge: Things to come! A themed 48 Hour Film Challenge and live cinema experience staged in The Wedgewood Rooms

    Myoelectric activity during electromagnetic resistance alone and in combination with variable resistance or eccentric overload

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    The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of electromagnetic resistance alone, as well as in combination with variable resistance or accentuated eccentric methods, with traditional dynamic constant external resistance exercise on myoelectric activity during elbow flexion. The study employed a within-participant randomized, cross-over design whereby 16 young, resistance-trained male and female volunteers performed elbow flexion exercise under each of the following conditions: using a dumbbell (DB); using a commercial electromagnetic resistance device (ELECTRO); variable resistance (VR) using a setting on the device that attempts to match the level of resistance to the human strength curve, and; eccentric overload (EO) using a setting on the device that increases the load by 50% on the eccentric portion of each repetition. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was obtained for the biceps brachii, brachioradialis and anterior deltoid on each of the conditions. Participants performed the conditions at their predetermined 10 repetition maximum. " The order of performance for the conditions was counterbalanced, with trials separated by a 10-min recovery period. The sEMG was synced to a motion capture system to assess sEMG amplitude at elbow joint angles of 30°, 50°, 70°, 90°, 110°, with amplitude normalized to the maximal activation. The anterior deltoid showed the largest differences in amplitude between conditions, where median estimates indicated greater concentric sEMG amplitude (~ 7-10%) with EO, ELECTRO and VR compared with DB. Concentric biceps brachii sEMG amplitude was similar between conditions. In contrast, results indicated a greater eccentric amplitude with DB compared to ELECTRO and VR, but unlikely to exceed a 5% difference. Data indicated a greater concentric and eccentric brachioradialis sEMG amplitude with DB compared to all other conditions, but differences were unlikely to exceed 5%. The electromagnetic device tended to produce greater amplitudes in the anterior deltoid, while DB tended to produce greater amplitudes in the brachioradialis; amplitude for the biceps brachii was relatively similar between conditions. Overall, any observed differences were relatively modest, equating to magnitudes of ~ 5% and not likely greater than 10%. These differences would seem to be of minimal practical significance.</p

    Drafting behind LGB: Transgender athletes in the sport of cycling

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    Using data from an online survey of 211 heterosexual and 148 sexual and gender minority-identifying cyclists, this article examines the attitudes of both sexual and gender majorities towards sexual and gender minorities as well as the experiences of sexual and gender minorities in relation to each other, within the sport of cycling. The results show a culture of acceptance for LGB athletes with heightened antipathy towards transgender cyclists. However, this variance is not as large as might be expected given the media attention on transgender athletes in cycling, and sport more broadly. It therefore appears that the transgender social movement is drafting closely behind LGB inclusion within this sport

    Quantifying the econometric loss of a cyber-physical attack on a seaport

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    Modern Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) show increasing levels of automation, intelligence, and optimization capabilities. Both creators and adopters of these technologies emphasize the benefits: safety, cost-savings, and efficiencies. Existing literature under-represents the potential risks associated with the adoption of individually complex systems and interconnected Systems-of-Systems (SoS). Research primarily focuses on the potential benefits, and many recent deployments of new technology have received little rigorous scrutiny. The studies that do explore issues, such as cyber-attacks on CPS, often lack an analysis of the potential impact based on the way cyber-physical risks are communicated. Due to high levels of interaction and inter dependencies in CPS, disruptions in one sector can propagate to other sectors. The initial economic impacts may start locally but will often lead to global effects if response mechanisms prove insufficient. This case study aims to address a research gap in modeling, and quantifies how a cyber-attack, with physical consequences, can affect local and global trade if a single maritime port is affected. Additionally, to further understanding of the public's perception of risk about cyber-attacks and its emergent threat to global supply chains, members of the public were asked to react to the potential econometric losses. This study produced the five-part CyPEM ( Cy ber P hysical E conometric M odel) that has the capability to translate a cyber-attack to an econometric loss. Each framework part may also be swapped out to analyze different CPS. With this, we discovered a gap in the perceptions of cyber-physical risk regarding maritime transport

    Mistrust issues: how technology discourses quantify, extract and legitimise inequalities

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    AI-based UAV swarms for monitoring and disease identification of brassica plants using machine learning: a review

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    Technological advances in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) pursued by artificial intelligence (AI) are improving remote sensing applications in smart agriculture. These are valuable tools for monitoring and disease identification of plants as they can collect data with no damage and effects on plants. However, their limited carrying and battery capacities restrict their performance in larger areas. Therefore, using multiple UAVs, especially in the form of a swarm is more significant for monitoring larger areas such as crop fields and forests. The diversity of research studies necessitates a literature review for more progress and contribution in the agricultural field. In this review, the comparative analysis of existing literature surveys is explored. This paper aims to provide an overview of AI-based UAV swarms, different cameras and sensors, image processing, and machine learning (ML) algorithms for image analysis having the purpose of monitoring and disease identification. Brassica plants are focused as they are grown on wider scales globally. Brassica species, the commonly infected diseases, and different types of disease detection methods are discussed. Investigations show the significance of using UAV swarms for growth monitoring growth for yield estimation, health monitoring, water status monitoring and irrigation management, nutrition disorders monitoring, pest and disease detection, and pesticide and fertilizer spraying in Brassica plants. Finally, some challenges of swarm-based applications are also addressed that require future consideration. The significance of this paper is that it suggests its readers embrace swarm-based technologies in the pursuit of more efficient production with relevant economic benefits

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