6277 research outputs found
Sort by
Ensembling Vision Transformers and ResNet-50 for interpretable lung cancer diagnosis with feature fusion and XAI techniques
No full textLung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, primarily due to diagnostic inconsistencies and limitations of conventional methods. This study addresses the critical need for accurate, transparent, and clinically viable diagnostic systems by proposing a novel deep learning framework for histopathological lung cancer classification. Our research introduces a hybrid ensemble architecture that combines the hierarchical feature extraction capabilities of ResNet-50 with the global contextual understanding of Vision Transformer (ViT). Input images are processed in parallel through both pathways: ResNet-50 extracts 2048-dimensional spatial features via convolutional and residual blocks followed by global average pooling, while ViT generates 768-dimensional features from patch embeddings and a transformer encoder. These features are then fused into a 2816-dimensional combined vector, which is fed into a classification head comprising three fully connected layers with Batch Normalization, ReLU activation, and Dropout regularization, culminating in a 3-class softmax output. The ensemble model demonstrated superior performance, achieving a mean cross-validation accuracy of 99.96% ± 0.0004%, a holdout test set accuracy of 99.94%, and a separate test set accuracy of 99.82%. Furthermore, the integration of a multi-disciplinary Explainable AI (XAI) strategy, including Grad-CAM, LIME, SHAP, Saliency Maps, Integrated Gradients, and Occlusion Sensitivity, provided crucial interpretability, with attention heatmaps showing 87.3% overlap with pathologist-identified regions of interest. This work significantly advances AI-assisted lung cancer diagnosis by offering a robust, highly accurate, and interpretable solution that addresses the current clinical gaps and holds huge potential for improving patient outcomes. [Abstract copyright: © 2025. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine.
Are small-sided games an efficient re-warm-up strategy in women football? A randomised crossover study
No full textThis study investigated the acute effects of three re-warm-up conditions (small-sided games (SSG), jogging, and inactivity) on physical performance in youth female footballers. Sixteen under-15 players (14.06 ± 0.66 years) participated in a randomised crossover design over three weeks. Each intervention consisted of 4 min of either SSG (4v4, 25 m × 25 m), jogging, or passive rest, applied after a standardised warm-up. Physical performance was assessed using 10 m and 30 m sprint tests and the countermovement jump (CMJ) at six time points: baseline (Pre-Wu), immediately after warm-up, and at 5-, 10-, and 15-min post-re-warm-up. SSG produced meaningful improvements in CMJ height, with increases of +5.9% to +6.9% vs. baseline (ε2 = 0.22–0.36, p < 0.01). Jogging also improved CMJ (+0.9% to +4.6%), although with slightly smaller effect. In the 30 m sprint, SSG helped maintain performance (≤1.0% variation), whereas jogging resulted in consistent performance decline (+1.9% to +3.1% slower than baseline, p < 0.05). Passive rest led to significant decrements in both CMJ and sprint performance (CMJ −5.6% at 15 min; 30 m sprint +2.1% to +3.0% slower, p < 0.05). No between-condition differences were observed for the 10 m sprint. In conclusion, both SSG and jogging are effective short re-warm-up strategies for preserving or enhancing CMJ performance, but SSG demonstrates greater practical relevance, sustaining jump performance while preventing sprint deterioration
Virtual reality (VR) simulators in maritime education: adoption factors among students in Norway and the United Kingdom
No full textVirtual Reality (VR) technology offers novel opportunities for education and training along with grounds for critical evaluation of its implications. This study explores maritime students? perceptions towards VR simulators utilising constructs from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with VR-specific factors, learner-centric attributes, and external considerations associated with VR simulators. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 221 maritime students in Norway and the United Kingdom (UK). Data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method to operationalise the extended TAM framework. The findings highlight the importance of perceived cognitive benefits of VR simulators and students? enjoyment during VR training. Further, students with higher perceived self-efficacy report greater perceived ease of use of VR simulators and stronger behavioural intentions. Meanwhile, learners? autonomy has a significant negative association with perceived ease of use, while regulatory uncertainty reduces learners? intention to use VR simulators. The results highlight the uniqueness of maritime students? perspectives on VR simulators
Consuming queerness: Jeffree Star and the paradox of profit and pleasure in the queer male beauty influencer
No full textChen and Kanai (2021) raise debates about a privileged subset of gay men occupying the beauty space as equal, if not more compelling, in fulfilling contradictory postfeminist demands of authenticity and femininity. The suggestion is that queer beauty influencers can embody idealistic postfeminist traits without the stigma a woman may face for doing the same. This paper explores a counterargument for this performance of hybridised gender and sexuality, in that the repetition of gender performatives through the queer body is an attempt to ‘re-present’ the social media beauty sphere through a queer lens where wearing makeup is an act of resistance. Using the influencer and makeup brand owner Jeffree Star as a case study, I argue that the queer beauty influencer exists as a body for fantasy projection, with makeup acting as the mediator for affective transference to bestow the audience with the transformative effect of queer resistance. However, the influencer and audience become bound back to the neoliberal ideals from which they attempt to break free. In positioning their own brand of cosmetics as a conduit through which their audience can obtain a sense of queer resistance, it ties the influencers and their audiences back to a capitalist framework
Fiction feature filmmaking: research and practice in screenwriting, production, distribution, exhibition, and beyond
No full textThis book examines fiction feature filmmaking as a mode of creative practice research, offering an innovative framework Fictsearch for investigating the challenges of creating intersex-themed films in the United Kingdom. Through the author's embodied experience in film conception, screenwriting, direction, production, distribution, festivals, and exhibition it reveals the current standing of intersex subjects in commercial filmmaking and why British cinema has yet to embrace these narratives. Key concepts include the impact of filmmakers' lack of awareness and the conflation of intersex with LGBT themes on funding opportunities. The book critically reflects on societal taboos and the hesitancy of financiers to invest in intersex narratives, often relegating such films to indie productions. It highlights the underrepresentation and misrepresentation of intersex individuals in English-language feature films from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and Canada. This book is essential for scholars, filmmakers, and students interested in feature filmmaking, film sales and distribution, film studies, gender studies, and representation in media. It demonstrates how fiction filmmaking can serve as a rigorous method for generating new knowledge, particularly when addressing socially sensitive topics, and raises vital questions about creating more visible and nuanced portrayals of marginalized identities in mainstream cinema
Simple rules for creating and sustaining an anti-racist sport and exercise organisation
No full textThe murders of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor in 2020 incited a surge in anti-racism efforts across the world. Many organisations, including those related to sport and exercise, were quick to make their stances on racism clear. In efforts to promote anti-racism, new equality, equity, diversity and inclusion (EEDI) groups were formed, while many individuals joined protests and took to social media to raise awareness of the racism that Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour (BIPOC) continue to face. In the sporting world, a significant burden and labour is placed on athletes of colour to make strides towards anti-racism. However, every individual working with the sport and exercise industry must act to condemn and eradicate racism. Sport and exercise organisations are in an opportune place to contribute to anti-racism efforts because of their wide reach, yet there is a need for clear advice on how to make change. Therefore, we provide commentary on 10 simple ?rules? that can support sport and exercise organisations in creating and sustaining an anti-racism
Unilateral high-load resistance training increases absolute but not relative muscular endurance in the contralateral untrained limb
No full textTo investigate whether unilateral resistance training can enhance absolute and relative muscular endurance in a trained arm and an untrained arm (cross-education of muscular endurance), and if this is mediated by increases in strength. 160 participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 1) training on the dominant arm followed by non-dominant arm (D + ND), 2) training on the dominant arm (D-Only), 3) training on the non-dominant arm (ND-Only), and 4) a time-matched non-exercise control (Control). Training involved 6-week (x3/week) of elbow flexion exercise. Each training session started with 1RM training (≤five attempts), followed by four sets of high-load exercise (8?12RM). Changes in muscular endurance and 1RM strength of the non-dominant arm were compared among groups. Mediation analysis was used to investigate the influence of 1RM strength changes on muscular endurance. Changes in absolute muscular endurance of the non-dominant arm were greatest in D + ND (10.7 reps) and ND-Only (10.1 reps), while the changes were greater in D-Only (4.9 reps) when compared to Control (1.2 reps). Changes in relative muscular endurance of the non-dominant arm were only observed in D + ND (1.6 reps) and ND-Only (2.0 reps). Increased 1RM strength positively mediated the changes in absolute muscular endurance, whereas it negatively mediated the changes in relative muscular endurance. Unilateral high-load resistance training increased absolute muscular endurance in both a trained and untrained arm, likely driven by increased strength. In contrast, no cross-education of relative muscular endurance was observed
Implementing peer teaching in Maritime undergraduate education to improve inclusivity and student engagement in the classroom
No full textMaritime education in universities and colleges entails teaching various academic and practical courses, ranging from navigation and management modules to advanced courses such as firefighting and medical training. These modules are very compressed and must be completed within a set time frame, particularly for short courses. This study investigates thefeasibility and usefulness of implementing peer teaching for those modules and whether it can be done for just a few courses or all of them. For this project, experimental peer teaching in the classroom and a qualitative method will be employed, including an online survey of approximately a hundred students studying in various phases at Warsash Maritime Academy(Solent University). The author studies the effectiveness of peer teaching by pre-selecting volunteer students and notifying them that they will teach their peers a portion of a particular module in the classroom, with at least two weeks to prepare. Later in the session, a JISC- prepared survey was distributed in the classroom using a QR code. The study explores thechallenges, restrictions, benefits, and drawbacks of the peer teaching technique and its impact on ensuring appropriate training for deck cadets
Context matters: weaknesses in port State control enforcement of work/rest hours regulations
No full textThe decades of research showing the prevalence of seafarers’ non-compliance with work/rest hours regulations suggest ineffective compliance monitoring and enforcement. This paper examines the practice of inspections by port State control (PSC) officers through 55 semi-structured interviews. Findings show that initial inspections remain simple document consultation. Cross-checking records accuracy is scarce, allowing many instances of non-compliance to go unnoticed. Additionally, PSC officers reported that seafarers skilfully align records, complicating the detection of inconsistencies. Current guideline limitations, time and resource constraints, and the pressure on PSC officers drive them towards prioritising technical issues over human factors-related issues such as fatigue and work/rest hours. Consequently, considering the impacts of PSC officers’ working context, enhancing initial inspections, implementing tamper-proof recording systems, strengthening inspection teams, and updating guidelines are possible options to enforce work/rest hours regulations
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Solent University Research Portal? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!