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Robust and quality preserving 4D data watermarking for copyright protection
No full textThe use of 4D (3D dynamic mesh sequences) data, such as rendering objects and faces, has grown significantly with advancements in imaging, 3D printing, and V/AR technologies. However, there is currently a lack of 4D watermarking methods to protect copyright and prevent unauthorized distribution. Existing 3D mesh watermarking techniques are inadequate for 4D data, as they fail to address dynamic attacks, such as sequence reordering. To fill this gap, we propose a novel 4D watermarking technique for 4D face data, comprising two main components: watermarking for 3D mesh sequences and watermarking for texture images. Each component uses two watermarks: one to protect individual mesh/texture copyright and another to verify sequence order and detect reordering attacks. The Artificial Bee Colony algorithm optimizes embedding parameters to ensure watermark imperceptibility. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness and imperceptibility of our method, validating its effectiveness in protecting 4D data from unauthorized use and distribution
HERAKLEİOS DÖNEMİ BİZANS-SASANİ SAVAŞINDA MÜTTEFİK BİR GÜÇ: BATI TÜRK KAĞANLIĞI
No full text7. yüzyılın başı Bizans İmparatorluğu için çok kritik bir dönemdir. 610’da Bizans tahtına çıkan İmparator Herakleios, saltanatının ilk dönemlerinde Balkanlarda Avarlar, Yakın Doğu’da ise Sasanilerin imparatorluk topraklarına yönelik saldırılarıyla mücadele etmeye başlamıştır. Özellikle Sasanilerin Bizans toprakları olan Antakeia, Damaskos, Tarsos, Armenia ve Kudüs gibi kilit bölgeleri ele geçirmesi, Herakleios’u bu büyük tehlikeyi bertaraf etmesi için harekete geçirmiştir. Bunun üzerine Herakleios, 622’de Sasani Kralı II. Hüsrev üzerine ilk seferini tertip etmiş ancak başkent Konstantinopolis’in Avarlar tarafından tehdit edilmesi üzerine geri dönmek zorunda kalmıştır. Avar sorununu geçici olarak halleden imparator, Sasani Kralı II. Hüsrev’in Bizans aleyhindeki tehditkâr girişimlerini engellemek amacıyla 623’te tekrar sefere çıkmıştır. Herakleios hem Anadolu’da hem de Armenia’da II. Hüsrev’e karşı askerî başarılar elde etmiştir. Ancak II. Hüsrev’in Avarlarla anlaşarak Konstantinopolis’i düşürmeye yönelik politikası, Herakleios’u daha önce Bizans’ın müttefikleri olan Batı Türk Kağanlığı’yla tekrar ittifak yapmaya mecbur etmiştir. Herakleios, müttefikleri olan Türklerle birlikte Sasani topraklarına saldırılar yaparak Sasanilerin ele geçirdiği Bizans toprakları üzerinde tekrar egemenlik kurmak istemiştir. Batı Türk Kağanlığı ise Bizans’la müttefik olarak Doğu Kafkasya’daki hâkimiyetini pekiştirmeyi ve bu bölgeleri Sasani etki alanının dışında tutmayı tasarlamıştır. Karşılıklı çıkar esasına dayanan bu ittifak sonucunda Bizans ve Batı Türk Kağanlığı müşterek düşmanları olan Sasanilere yönelik hem askerî hem de diplomatik bir başarı elde etmeyi başarmıştır. Bu makalede, söz konusu ittifakın oluşum süreci ve bununla bağlantılı olarak bilhassa Kafkasya’da meydana gelen olaylar, siyasî ve askerî yönden incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.The early 7th century was a critical period for the Byzantine Empire. Emperor Heraclius, who ascended the Byzantine throne in 610, began his reign by confronting Avar incursions in the Balkans and Sasanian attacks in the Near East. The capture of key Byzantine territories such as Antioch, Damascus, Tarsus, Armenia, and Jerusalem by the Sasanians compelled Heraclius to take action against this significant threat. In response, he launched his first campaign against the Sasanian king Khosrow II in 622; however, he was forced to return due to the Avar threat against Constantinople. After temporarily resolving the Avar issue, Heraclius resumed his campaign in 623 to counteract Khosrow II’s aggressive moves against Byzantium. He achieved military successes in both Anatolia and Armenia. Nevertheless, Khosrow II's strategy of aligning with the Avars to capture Constantinople led Heraclius to re-establish an alliance with the Western Turkic Khaganate (Kök Turks), a former Byzantine ally. Together with the Turks, Heraclius aimed to launch attacks into Sasanian territory and restore Byzantine control over previously lost regions. The Western Turkic Khaganate, for its part, sought to strengthen its influence in the Eastern Caucasus and keep these areas outside Sasanian control. Based on mutual interests, this alliance enabled Byzantium and the Western Turkic Khaganate to achieve both military and diplomatic success against their common enemy, the Sasanians. This article examines the formation of this alliance and the related political and military developments, particularly those in the Caucasus region
Farklı Laktik Asit Bakteri Uygulamalarının Çim Bitkisinde (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Fide Gelişim Dönemine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi
No full textTÜRK CEZA KANUNU’NDA DÜZENLENEN SİSTEMİ ENGELLEME, BOZMA, VERİLERİ YOK ETME VEYA DEĞİŞTİRME SUÇLARI (TCK m. 244/1-2)
No full textGünümüzde teknolojik gelişmelerin hız kazanmasıyla beraber, bilişim sistemleri bankacılık, iletişim, ulaşım, güvenlik, sağlık, eğitim, ticaret ve sanayi gibi birçok alanda kullanılmaya başlanmış ve toplumsal hayatın vazgeçilmez bir unsuru haline gelmiştir. Kullanım alanının genişliği ve yaygınlığının art niyetli kişileri cezbetmesiyle, bilişim dünyası istismar edilmeye başlanmış ve bu durum, bu sistemlerin kullanıldığı birçok alanı tehlikeye sokmuştur. Bu tarz eylemlerin önlenmesi ve hukuki korumanın sağlanabilmesi için ise hem dünya genelinde hem de ülkemizde bilişim suçlarına yönelik düzenlemeler getirilmiş ve uluslararası anlaşmalar imzalanmıştır. Bu konuda yapılan önemli anlaşmalardan biri de; 2004 yılında yürürlüğe girmekle birlikte, ülkemizde onaylanıp yürürlüğe girmesi 2014 yılını bulan Avrupa Konseyi Siber Suç Sözleşmesi (AKSSS)’dir. AKSSS düzenlenmesine paralellik oluşturulan ve öğretide doğrudan bilişim suçları olarak isimlendirilen bilişim suçları Türk Ceza Kanunu (TCK)’nda “Topluma Karşı Suçlar” başlıklıüçüncü kısmın “Bilişim Alanında Suçlar” başlıklı onuncu bölümün de düzenlenmiştir. Bu bölümün içerisinde, yer alan bilişim suçlarından biri de TCK 244. maddede düzenlenen Sistemi Engelleme, Bozma, Verileri Yok Etme veya Değiştirme Suçları’dır. Söz konusu düzenleme AKSSS’nin 4. ve 5. maddelerinde yer alan sisteme müdahale ve verilere müdahale düzenlemelerine uyum sağlamaya yöneliktir. Ancak TCK m. 244 her ne kadar AKSSS baz alınarak getirilmiş bir düzenleme olsa da; doktrinde suçla korunan hukuki değer, suçun unsurları, nitelikli haller gibi birçok konuda tartışmalı hususlar görülmüş ve düzenlemeye eleştiriler getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada TCK 244. maddede yer alan Sistemi Engelleme, Bozma, Verileri Yok Etme veya Değiştirme Suçları incelenecek olup, bu konularda doktrinde yer alan tartışmalı konulara ve düzenlemede eksik görülen hususlara yer verilecektir.With the rapid advancement of technology in contemporary times, in-formation systems have become integral to numerous sectors, inclu-ding banking, communication, transportation, security, healthcare, education, commerce, and industry, establishing themselves as an indispensable component of societal life. The extensive scope and widespread adoption of these systems have attracted malicious ac-tors, resulting in the exploitation of the information technology do-main, thereby posing risks to the various fields reliant on these sys-tems. To counter such activities and ensure legal protection, regula-tory frameworks addressing cybercrimes have been established both globally and within our country, complemented by the signing of in-ternational agreements. A notable example in this context is the Eu-ropean Council Cybercrime Convention (ECCC), which entered into force in 2004 and was ratified and implemented in our country in 2014. Cybercrimes, explicitly categorized as information technology offenses within legal scholarship and aligned with the ECCC provisi-ons, are codified in the Turkish Penal Code (TPC) under Part Three, titled “Crimes Against Society,” specifically in Section Ten, titled “Crimes in the Field of Information Technology.” Among the offenses outlined in this section is the crime of Obstructing, Disrupting, Dest-roying, or Altering Data or Systems, as regulated by article 244 of the TPC. This provision is designed to conform to articles 4 and 5 of the ECCC, which address interference with systems and data, respecti-vely. Nevertheless, despite being modeled on the ECCC, article 244 of the TPC has sparked considerable debate within the doctrine concer-ning several aspects, including the legal interests it seeks to protect, the constituent elements of the offense, aggravating circumstances, and other related issues, leading to various criticisms of the regula-tion. This study will analyze the crimes of Obstructing, Disrupting, Destroying, or Altering Data or Systems as stipulated in Article 244 of the TPC, shedding light on the contentious issues within the doctrine and addressing perceived deficiencies in the regulatory framework
Can Inflammatory Index Parameters Be an Indicator of Complexity in Perianal Fistula?
No full textIntroduction: Perianal fistulas, although benign, may cause significant morbidity and impaired quality of life, particularly when associated with complex anatomical features. Accurate preoperative assessment is crucial to optimize surgical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate whether routine inflammatory indices could predict fistula complexity. Methods: This retrospective study included 134 patients who underwent surgery for perianal fistula at a single tertiary care center between 2013 and 2021. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings were re-evaluated by a single blinded radiologist. Inflammatory indices, including lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein (CRP) ratio (LCR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and neutrophil-to-CRP ratio (NCR), were analyzed in relation to magnetic resonance imaging–determined complexity criteria. Statistical analyses included receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Abscess formation was present in 30.9% of patients, and perifistular inflammation in 52.5%. LCR, CAR, and NCR demonstrated significant associations with tract length, tract thickness, abscess presence, and perifistular inflammation. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed high diagnostic accuracy of these indices for predicting complex features. Multivariate analysis identified LCR 1.52, NCR 3.2 mm, and tract length >47 mm as independent predictors of fistula complexity. Conclusions: Preoperative inflammatory indices, particularly LCR, CAR, and NCR, may serve as accessible and valuable markers for predicting perianal fistula complexity. Integrating these parameters into preoperative evaluation may assist in identifying patients who require further imaging and more meticulous surgical planning, potentially improving clinical outcomes
Erken sistemik sklerozlu hastalarda artrit tanısında klinik, görüntüleme ve laboratuvar verileri: SOLAR ulusal kayıt kütüğü
No full textExact soliton solutions for the (n+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation via two novel methods
No full textIn this study, we deal with the (n + 1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation (gKPE). This equation is an extension of the classical KP equation to higher dimensions, allowing for the study of nonlinear wave propagation in (n + 1) dimensions. Like the original KP equation, the (n+ 1)-dimensional version can support soliton solutions, which are stable waveforms that retain their shape while traveling. The (n+1)- dimensional gKPE has several applications in different physical systems, such as optical fibers, Bose-Einstein condensates, fluid physics, and plasma physics. We use two efficient methods to search for analytical solutions to the equation we consider. One of these methods is the generalized unified method and the improved F-expansion method. Using these techniques, we obtain many soliton solutions of rational, hyperbolic, and trigonometric types. We present 3D, contour, and density plots to observe the behavior of some of the solutions we obtained. The acquired results constitute an essential resource for the study of hydrodynamic waves, plasma fluctuations, and optical solitons and offer useful information for understanding the behavior of the KPE under different physical situations. The methodologies used in this study are robust, influential, and practicable for diverse nonlinear partial differential equations; to our knowledge, these methods of investigation have not been explored before for this equation. The accuracy of each solution has been verified using the Maple software program