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Mepolizumab: Which condition benefits more: Nasal polyps or eosinophilic asthma? Mepolizumab: Hangi durum daha fazla fayda sağlar: Burun polipleri mi, eozinofilik astım mı?
No full textMepolizumab: Which condition benefits more: Nasal polyps or eosinophilic asthma? Introduction: The negative effects of eosinophilic severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) on quality of life are well known. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of mepolizumab treatment on the quality of life of patients diagnosed with eosinophilic severe asthma and CRSwNP. Materials and Methods: Patients with CRSwNP and eosinophilic severe asthma who had been receiving mepolizumab 100 mg/month for at least six months as treatment were eligible for the study. Patients were assessed using quality of life and disease control questionnaires for both diseases before and during the sixth month of treatment. Results: Forty-nine patients were included in the present study. Compared to the pre-treatment period, there was significant clinical improvement in quality of life for both rhinitis and asthma following mepolizumab treatment. The changes before and after the treatment were found as follows: Rhinitis Quality of Life Scale [44 (23-72); 25 (6-57); p< 0.001], Nasal Congestion Symptom Assessment Scale [13.0 (8-20); 9.0 (0-20); p< 0.001], Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test-22 (63.16 ± 17.9; 44.16 ± 21.33; p< 0.001), Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (111.06 ± 25.17; 142.67 ± 28.04; p< 0.001), Asthma Control Test [16 (6-21); 22 (14-25); p< 0.001]. Before mepolizumab treatment, 20 patients defined that CRSwNP and 29 patients defined that asthma affected their quality of life primarily. After six months of mepolizumab treatment, 38 patients defined that CRSwNP and 11 patients defined that asthma affected their quality of life primarily. Conclusion: Our results showed that mepolizumab is an effective treatment option for eosinophilic severe asthma and CRSwNP in patients having both diseases. Before mepolizumab, most patients’ quality of life was affected by asthma symptoms, but this changed, and their quality of life began to be affected primarily by CRSwNP symptoms. This suggests that mepolizumab treatment is more effective in suppressing asthma symptoms than suppressing nasal polyp symptoms
Reliability of different formulas for estimating plasma Apolipoprotein B levels in a large cohort of South European individuals
No full textBackground and aims: Direct measurement of apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is not always standardized and is relatively expensive, making it unavailable in several low-income settings. To address this issue, several formulas have been developed to estimate ApoB levels. Therefore, our study aims to compare the reliability of 23 formulas for estimating ApoB levels in a large cohort of South-European individuals. Methods: We retrospectively assessed 4.577 clinical records in which ApoB measurements were obtained using the same standardized method. Overall concordance was defined as the proportion of cases where the directly measured ApoB level fell within the same category as the estimated ApoB level, based on ApoB quartiles (= 115 mg/dL). In addition, overall concordance was assessed for different lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) sub-levels. Ordinary least squares linear regression analyses were performed to compare estimated and measured ApoB values. Residual error plots were generated to visualize the difference between each estimation method and the actual ApoB measurements, stratified by Lp(a) and non-HDL-C levels. Results: Plasma ApoB levels were best predicted by a non-HDL-C based formula and a formula using Friedewald's low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), regardless of ApoB plasma levels. Non-HDL-C levels did not significantly affect the concordance between measured and estimated ApoB across the different formulas, except at low non-HDL-C levels. Similarly, Lp(a) levels did not significantly impact concordance. However, the highest concordance level was 41 %. Conclusion: Some simple formulas based on low-cost and widely available parameters can estimate ApoB levels independently of ApoB, non-HDL-C, and Lp(a) plasma levels. This approach may be particularly useful for estimating ApoB levels in low-resource settings
Effects of almond hulls on the chemical composition and <i>in vitro</i> ruminal protein degradation of lucerne silage
No full textContext. Enhancing protein efficiency in the diet or the use of by-products can reduce feed costs and the environmental impact of animal production. Aims. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of almond hull (AH) additions to lucerne silage (alfalfa silage) on some chemical parameters and in vitro protein degradability. Methods. The second-cut lucerne was chopped after withering to up to 2 cm length. Chopped feed was ensiled with 100 g kg(-1) DM of three varieties (Nonpareil, Ferragnes and Texas) of AHs dried and ground and each treatment was ensiled in vacuum-sealed polyethylene plastic bag for 90 days, as five replications. Key results. As a result, all AH treatments increased the dry matter of lucerne silage. Condensed tannin content in lucerne silage increased with addition of all AH varieties (P < 0.05). Catechin, which was high before ensiling in all AH groups, decreased after ensiling. Gallic acid content increased in all AH-supplemented groups (P < 0.05). In lucerne silage, NH3-N concentration decreased in all AH-supplemented groups, and in vitro ruminal undegradable protein was increased (P < 0.05). In the study, Fourier transform infrared spectra supported the findings, showing that chemical bonds were formed between tannins and proteins. Conclusions. As a result, it was shown that the addition of AH to lucerne silage could reduce ruminal protein degradability. Implications. This study offers strategies for converting AHs into a higher-value product and for enhancing the utilization of lucerne protein
Search for heavy long-lived charged particles with large ionization energy loss in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV
No full textA search for heavy, long-lived, charged particles with large ionization energy loss within the silicon tracker of the CMS experiment is presented. A data set of proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy at s = 13 TeV, collected in 2017 and 2018 at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb−1, is used in this analysis. Two different approaches for the search are taken. A new method exploits the independence of the silicon pixel and strips measurements, while the second method improves on previous techniques using ionization to determine a mass selection. No significant excess of events above the background expectation is observed. The results are interpreted in the context of the pair production of supersymmetric particles, namely gluinos, top squarks, and tau sleptons, and of the Drell-Yan pair production of fourth generation (τ′) leptons with an electric charge equal to or twice the absolute value of the electron charge (e). An interpretation of a Z’ boson decaying to two τ′ leptons with an electric charge equal to 2e is presented for the first time. The 95% confidence upper limits on the production cross section are extracted for each of these hypothetical particles
Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
No full textHypoxia can occur to varying degrees for different reasons during the perinatal period, affecting development. We aim to examine the consequences of mild to severe neonatal hypoxia in mice, focusing on its potential link to neurodegenerative fetal brain dysfunctions related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We induced hypoxia in neonatal mice by delivering them in controlled environments with varying oxygen concentrations. The results showed elevated levels of HIF-1α (a marker of hypoxia) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, as well as increased neurodegeneration in these regions. Moreover, we observed altered expression of ASD-related miRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-126-3p, and miR-499a-5p) in hypoxic groups, consistent with previous results in human and animal models of ASD. These molecular alterations were accompanied by behavioral changes such as decreased movement, speed, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors, as well as an increased tendency to exhibit corner-seeking behavior in mice subjected to hypoxic conditions. Although behavioral and molecular changes were detectable in the 12% O2 group (mild hypoxia), the most pronounced changes were observed in the more severe hypoxia groups, at 10% O2 and 8% O2. Overall, the results suggest that neonatal hypoxia can induce lasting molecular changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases with behavioral consequences. Moreover, even in normal birth, exposure to hypoxia during early development can impair memory and learning. The results highlight the need for early detection and intervention in newborns exposed to hypoxia to prevent long-term neurological problems. miRNA levels are regulated during development, and their modifications in tissues, especially in germ cells, constitute a risk factor for the next generation. The analyses provide a basis for studying the regulatory pathways that affect functional and behavioral changes under hypoxia
DENEYSEL EPİLEPSİDE FARKLI MAGNEZYUM FORMLARININ ANTİEPİLEPTİK İLAÇ İLE ETKİLEŞİMİNİN İNCELENMESİ
No full textEpilepsi dünya genelinde her yaşta yaygınolarak görülen anormal deşarjlar ile ortaya çıkan nöbetlerle karakterize kroniknörolojik bir hastalıktır. Penisilin indüklü epilepsi modeli en yaygın akutmodellerden biri olup hızlı sonuç alınabilen bir modeldir. Magnezyum,N-metil-D-aspartat (NMDA) reseptörü antagonistidir. Levetirasetam (LEV),epilepsi tedavisinde kullanılan yeni nesil bir antiepileptiktir. Sıçanlardapenisilinle oluşturulan epileptiform aktivite üzerine Magnezyum L-Treonat(MgLT), Magnezyum Sülfat (MgS) ve Magnezyum Biglisinat (MgB)’ın tek başına velevetirasetam ile etkileşiminin incelenmesi amacıyla Erciyes ÜniversitesiDeneysel ve Klinik Araştırma Merkezi’nden temin edilen 90 adet albino erkekWistar sıçan, Kontrol, Penisilin (500 IU, i.c), Penisilin+Levetirasetam (40mg/kg, i.p) Penisilin+MgLT/MgB/MgS (300 mg/kg, i.p) ve Penisilin + MgLT/MgB/MgS+LEV(40 mg/kg, i.p) olmak üzere dokuz gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubunda hiçbirenjeksiyon işlemi yapılmadı. Penisilin grubunda ise epileptik nöbetlerintrakortikal penisilin uygulaması ile uyarıldı. Penisilin + Magnezyumgruplarında penisilin uygulamasından 30 dakika sonra bütün magnezyum formları 300mg/kg i.p. olarak verildi. Penisilin+Magnezyum formları +LEV etkileşim gruplarındaise penisilinle epileptiform aktivite oluşturulduktan 30 dk. sonra magnezyumdozlarının enjeksiyonundan 10 dk. sonra da LEV verildi. Bütün deney gruplarındason madde enjeksiyonundan sonra en az 180 dk. boyunca LabChart 7.0 yazılımı ileelektrofizyolojik kayıt alındı. Sonuç olarak, magnezyumun bütün formları hemtek başına hem de LEV ile verildiğinde spike frekansını ve amplitüdünüistatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda azalttı. Diğer magnezyum formlarına göre MagnezyumL-Treonat, LEV ile en güçlü etkileşimi gösterdi. Epileptiform aktivite üzerindemagnezyum ve LEV’in farklı yolaklar üzerinden sinerjistik bir etki gösterdiğibulundu. </p
Perspectives of Science Teachers on Arduino-Based Robotic Coding Activities
No full textThis research will analyze the issues encountered by two science teachersimplementing Arduino-based robotic coding projects. This research employed acase study design. This research has used a criterion sampling group. This studyused semi-structured observation, interviews, and video observations as datacollection tools. The teachers conducted three activities in physics, chemistry, andbiology. The data was analyzed through content analysis. The authors havedetermined that teachers do not fully utilize their time and assessment tools, nordo they effectively promote entrepreneurial skills. The authors propose thatteachers incorporate additional Arduino-based robotic coding activities into theircurricula.</p
Leaf Physiological and Root Morphological Characteristics Contributing to Salt Tolerance of Snake Melon (<i>Cucumis Melo</i> Var. Flexuosus) Genotypes Under Hydroponics
No full textThe present study aimed to evaluate the physiological and root morphological responses of six distinct snake melon (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) genotypes under varying salinity levels. The experiment was implemented in a hydroponic system within climate-controlled environment in 2024 growth season. Six genotypes (Badem, Ege, Iraq 1, Iraq 2, Kerem, and Selin) were cultivated in 8 L pots filled with continuously aerated nutrient solution under control conditions and two salinity treatments (6 and 12 dS/m). Electrical conductivity (EC) levels were regulated by supplementing the nutrient solution with NaCl. Key parameters assessed included shoot and root fresh and dry weights, total root length, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, carotenoid concentration, average root diameter, total root volume, ion leakage, and macro- and microelement composition. The plants grown under 6 and 12 dS/m usually showed a lower crop growth performance than the control plants, illustrating that salt stress adversely affected crop growth under hydroponics. However, the genotypes Badem and Ege showed a moderate salt tolerance at 6 dS/m, while the genotypes Iraq 1 and Selin exhibited a high salt tolerance at 12 dS/m, indicating a significant genotypic variation and genotype x salinity interaction. Tolerance was linked to vigorous root morphology and leaf physiological activity under both moderate (6 dS/m) and high (12 dS/m) salinity
SİMMENTAL IRKI BİR DANADA SAĞA ABOMASUM DEPLASMANI (SAD) OLGUSU
No full textSunulan bu olguyu, Erciyes Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Eğitim, Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi İç Hastalıkları Kliniği’ne iştahsızlık şikâyeti ile getirilen simental ırkı bir dana oluşturdu. Sekiz aylık erkek dananın anemnezinde, pazardan alımından takriben üç hafta sonra rasyon değişikliği yapıldığı hayvan sahiplerince ifade edildi. Verilen anamnez bilgisine göre dananın yem değişiminden sonra yavaş yavaş iştahsızlaştığı fakat bu süreçte su alımının devam ettiği ancak, kliniğe getirilmeden bir gün önce tamamen yem alımının durduğu rapor edildi. Klinik muayenede rektal vücut sıcaklığının 38.6 ℃, nabız frekansının 100 (vurum/dakika) ve solunum frekansının 40 (nefes/dk) olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca durgunluk, hafif dehidrasyon, mukozalarda solgunluk, rumen hareketlerinin olmaması, dışkılamanın uzun aralıklarla, çok az, çamur kıvamında, kahve renginde ve parça parça olması dikkat çekti. Sağ tarafta 11.-12. intercostal aralıktan sağ fossa paralumbalisin orta hattına kadar kuvvetli ping sesi alınması nedeni ile ultrasonografik görüntüleme, rektal palpasyon ve liptak testi yapılmasına karar verildi. Ultrasonografik görüntülemede abomasumun karnın sağ ve üst kısımlarına doğru büyüdüğü ve içerisinde hipoekojen sıvı olduğu görüldü. Rektal muayenede dilate abomasum sağ karın bölgesinin dorsalinde palpe edildi. Liptak testi için ping sesi alınan alanının 10 cm kadar altından yaklaşık 4 ml abomasum içeriği aspire edildi. Abomasum içeriği pH indikatör stribinde 5 olarak tespit edildi. Kan gazı sonuçlarında hipokloremi (93 mmol/L) ve baz açığı +20.2 mmol/L olduğu belirlendi. Yapılan klinik ve laboratuvar uygulamaları neticesinde danaya sağa abomasum deplasmanı teşhisi konularak operasyon için Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı’na sevk edildi. Orada hastaya ayakta sağ paralumbar omentopeksi operasyonu yapıldı. Operasyon için sağ fossa paralumbalis bölgesi tıraş edildi. Distal paravetrabral anestezi ve kat infiltrasyon anestezsi uygulandı. Deri, external ve internal abdominal oblik kaslar, m. transversus abdominus ve periton diseke edilerek karın boşluğuna ulaşıldı. Deplase olmuş abomasumun sıvı dekompresyonu için 10-14 gauge’lı bir iğne, bu iğneye takılmış 3-6 cm çaplı lastik sonda kullanıldı ve abomasumdaki gaz/sıvı içeriğinin boşaltılması gerçekleştirildi. Abomasum, fundus bölgesine uygulanan el masajları ile normal pozisyonuna getirildi ve omentopeksi işlemi ile karın duvarına sabitlendi. Operasyonda torsiyonsuz abomasum deplasmanı teyid edildi. Böylece, abomasun torsuyonu şekillenmemiş 8 aylık simmental ırkı erkek bir danada rasyon değişimine bağlı sağ abomasum deplasmanı olgusu kliniğimizde ilk kez belirlenmiş oldu.A Simmental breed calf was submitted to the Internal Medicine Clinic at Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Education, Research and Practice Hospital, with a complaint of anorexia. The medical history of the 8-month-old bull calf revealed that the diet was altered roughly three weeks postacquisition from the market. The patient's owners reported that the calf progressively exhibited a loss of appetite following a change in its diet; however, water consumption persisted throughout this time, and feed intake ceased entirely one day before to its arrival at our clinic. The clinical examination revealed a rectal temperature of 38.6 ℃, a pulse rate of 100 beats per minute, and a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute. Furthermore, stagnation, slight dehydration, pale mucosa, lack of rumen motility, and infrequent, scant, muddy, coffee-colored, and fragmented feces were seen. Ultrasonographic imaging, rectal palpation, and liptak test were deemed necessary due to the pronounced ping sound detected in the 11th-12th intercostal space on the right side, extending to the midline of the right paralumbar fossa. Ultrasonographic imaging revealed that the abomasum had shifted towards the right and superior regions of the abdomen, accompanied by the presence of hypoechogenic fluid. The rectal examination revealed the palpation of a dilated abomasum in the dorsal region of the right abdomen. For the liptak test, approximately 4 ml of abomasal content was aspirated from 10 cm beneath the region of the ping sound. The pH indicator strip indicated a value of 5 for the abomasum content. Blood gas analysis indicated hypochloremia (93 mmol/L) and a base excess of 20.2 mmol/L. Following clinical and laboratory evaluations, the calf was diagnosed with right abomasal displacement and then sent to the Department of Surgery for surgical intervention. The patient received a right paralumbar omentopexy procedure in an upright position. The right paralumbalis fossa region was shaved in preparation for the procedure. Distal paravertebral anesthesia and layered infiltration anesthesia were administered. The skin, external and internal abdominal oblique muscles, transversus abdominus muscle, and peritoneum were excised to access the abdominal cavity. A 10-14 gauge needle and a rubber catheter with a diameter of 3-6 cm, affixed to the needle, were utilized for fluid decompression of the displaced abomasum, facilitating the evacuation of gas and liquid contents within the abomasum. The abomasum was repositioned to its natural location with manual manipulation of the fundus region and secured to the abdominal wall using an omentopexy operation. The procedure confirmed abomasal displacement without torsion. Consequently, a case of right abomasal displacement resulting from a dietary alteration in an 8-month old Simmental bull calf, without abomasal torsion, was identified for the first time in our clinic. </p