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Mezâlim, Rüşvet, Cinayet İthamları Karşısında Cizre Kâimmakamı Mustafa Paşa’nın Hukuk Mücadelesi
No full textTanzimat devri bürokratları devleti ve toplumu derinden etkileyen rüşvetle mücadeleye büyük önem verdiler. Ancak bu noktada başka bazı sıkıntıların meydana geldiği görülmektedir. Özellikle başarılı bazı devlet adamlarının rüşvet almakla suçlanmaları, sonrasında tahkikatın selameti bakımından görevlerinden alınmaları birtakım mağduriyetler doğurdu. Böyle şahsiyetlerden biri de Cizre Kâimmakamı Mustafa Paşa’dır. O, rüşvet almakla, cinayet işlemekle, halka zulüm yapmakla suçlandı ve görevinden azledildi. Hakkında defalarca yapılan tahkikatlar neticesinde, küçük bir görev kusuru dışında isnat edilen bütün suçlamalardan beraat etti. Ancak atılan iftiralar yüzünden üç yıl kadar devlet kurumlarında görev almaktan mahrum kaldı.The bureaucrats of the Tanzimat period attached great importance to the fight against bribery, which deeply affected the state and society. However, it is observed that some other problems occurred at this point. In particular, some successful statesmen were accused of taking bribes and then dismissed from their posts for the sake of the investigation, which led to some grievances. He was accused of taking bribes, committing murders, persecuting the people and was dismissed from his post. As a result of repeated investigations, he was acquitted of all the accusations, except for a minor defect of duty. However, he was deprived from taking office in state institutions for three years due to the slander.</p
Türkiye’de Belediyelerin Web Sitelerinin Tütün Kontrolü Açısından İncelenmesi
No full textAmaç: Halk sağlığının önlenebilir sorunları arasında ön sıralarda yer alan tütün kullanımı ile mücadele geniş kapsamlı çok disiplinli bir yaklaşım gerektirir. Bu yaklaşımın başarısı için merkezi kamu otoritesinin belediyelerle iş birliği içinde çalışması gerekmektedir. Türkiye’de belediyelerin tütün kontrolüyle ilgili sorumlulukları kanunlar ile belirlenmiştir. Dijital olanakların artması ile, yerel yönetimler web sitelerinde çalışmalarını yansıtabilmektedir. Web siteleri bu çerçevede tütün kontrolü çalışmalarının düzeyi hakkında ipuçları sağlayabilir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin il ve ilçe belediyeleri web sitelerinin tütün kontrolü açısından incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırmada Türkiye’deki 81 il ve 922 ilçenin web siteleri 20 araştırmacı tarafından 1-10 Ekim 2024 tarihleri arasında incelenmiştir. T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı web sitesinden alınan il ve ilçe belediye listesinin tamamına ulaşılmak hedeflenmiştir. Veri analizi için SPSS 23.0 istatistiksel paket programı kullanılmıştır. Açık veri kullanıldığı için kurumsal izin ya da etik onam alınmamıştır. Bulgular: 922 ilçe, 51 il, 30 büyükşehir belediyesi incelenmiştir. Toplam 1.003 belediyeden 182 belediyenin (%18,1) uluslararası ağlara üye olduğu, 825'inin (%82,3) web sitesinin 2024 yılında güncellenmiş olduğu, 70 belediyenin (%7,0) web sitesinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Belediyelerden 783'ünün (%78,1) web sitesinde tütün kontrolü ile ilgili içerik bulunamamıştır. Tütün kontrolü içeriği güncel olmayan, ancak tütün kontrolü ile uyumlu 100 belediye (%10,0), güncel ve tütün kontrolüyle uyumlu içerikler olan 32 belediye (%3,2) vardır. Üç belediyenin web sitesinde tütün endüstrisi reklamı, bir belediyenin web sitesinde tütün endüstrisi sponsorluğu belirlenmiştir. Toplam belediyelerin 832'sinin (%83,0) sosyal medya hesabı vardır. Sonuç: Tütün kontrolü konusunun web sitelerinde daha fazla yer alması ve güncel içeriklerle desteklenmesi, tütün mücadelesinde yerel yönetimlerin daha etkili olmalarına, kanunun yüklediği sorumluluklarını yerine getirmelerine ve genelde tütün kontrolüne katkı sağlayacaktır.Objective: Tobacco use, ranked among the leading preventable public health issues, requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. The success of this approach depends on collaboration between central government authorities and municipalities. In Türkiye, the responsibilities of municipalities regarding tobacco control are defined by legislations. With the rise of digital tools, local governments can reflect their activities on their websites. In this context, websites can provide insights into the level of tobacco control efforts. This study aims to evaluate the websites of provincial and district municipalities in Türkiye in terms of tobacco control. Methods: This descriptive study examined the websites of 81 provinces and 922 districts in Türkiye from October 1–10, 2024, by 20 researchers. The complete list of provincial and district municipalities was obtained from the Ministry of Interior's official website. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 statistical software package. As open data were used, no institutional permission or ethical approval was obtained. Results: A total of 922 district, 51 provincial, and 30 metropolitan municipalities were examined, comprising 1,003 municipalities in total. Of these, 182 municipalities (18.1%) were found to be members of international networks, 825 (82.3%) had websites updated in 2024, and 70 (7.0%) had no website. Among the municipalities, 783 (78.1%) had no tobacco control-related content on their websites. Additionally, 100 municipalities (10.0%) had content compliant with tobacco control standards but not updated, while 32 municipalities (3.2%) had updated and compliant content. Tobacco industry advertisements were found on the websites of three municipalities, and one municipality's website displayed tobacco industry sponsorship. A total of 832 municipalities (83.0%) had social media accounts. Conclusion: Including more tobacco control-related content on municipal websites and supporting this content with up-to-date information can enhance the effectiveness of local governments in tobacco control efforts, help them fulfill their legal responsibilities, and contribute to overall tobacco control
Fabrication and Characterization of Calcium Alginate Beads with a Specially Designed Magnetic Pulse Encapsulator
No full textIn this study, a novel encapsulator system based on magnetic field principles was developed to produce gallic acid-loaded beads with an adjustable particle size and high production capacity. A dripping device was designed and optimized using the response surface methodology with a central composite design. Alginate concentration, nozzle diameter, frequency, distance, and flow rate were selected as independent variables. Bead properties, including encapsulation efficiency, production yield, loading capacity, particle diameter, aspect ratio, circularity, sphericity, polydispersity index, span, D10, D50, and D90, values were evaluated as response variables. In vitro release kinetics of the beads were investigated. Particle shape was mainly affected by all parameters except flow rate, while size distribution was predominantly governed by the alginate concentration, nozzle diameter, and frequency. Bead morphology strongly affected the release behavior, with smaller and more spherical beads showing faster release rates. The developed system successfully produced small-sized beads with high encapsulation efficiency (up to 60.7%). These findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed magnetic encapsulation system for the efficient encapsulation of gallic acid and other water-soluble phenolic compounds. Furthermore, its adaptability to multi- or interchangeable nozzle configurations makes it suitable for pilot- or industrial-scale production
Experimental analysis of a phase change material (PCM) enhanced solar air heater for thermal energy storage
No full textSolar air heaters are widely used heat exchangers that transfer energy from the sun to the working fluid. However, their thermal performance decreases significantly in cloudy weather and at night due to the absence of real-time solar energy. In this experimental study, heat storage was aimed by using phase change material integrated into a storage unit with rectangular fins on the absorber surface. The absorber was made of copper material and commercial Paraffin Wax was used as the phase change material. The thermal energy storage capacities of solar air heaters with and without phase change material were compared under irradiance intensities of 800 W/m2 and 1000 W/m2, and mass flow rates differing from 0.002 kg/s to 0.003 kg/s, using artificial radiation. As a result of the experiments, the highest heat storage amount of 477.4 kJ was obtained for the solar air heater using paraffin as phase change material in the storage unit, with a flow rate of 0.002 kg/s and an irradiance intensity of 1000 W/m2. The lowest heat storage amount of 11.7 kJ was obtained for the solar air heater with no paraffin in the storage unit, a flow rate of 0.003 kg/s, and an irradiance flux of 800 W/m2. The findings demonstrate that incorporating paraffin significantly enhances the system's heat storage capability
Öğretmenlerin Algılanan Stres, İş Doyumu ile Zihinsel Dayanıklılık Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki
No full textBu çalışmada farklı branş öğretmenlerinin algılanan stres, iş doyumu ile zihinsel dayanıklılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Çalışmaya Kayseri İlinde görev yapan 176 erkek ve 143 kadın katılımcı olmak üzere toplam da 319 öğretmen katılmıştır. Çalışmada betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgileri toplamak için Kişisel Veri Formu, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği, Minnesota İş Doyumu Ölçeği ve Yetişkinler İçin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel yöntemlerden bağımsız gruplar için independent-T testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır.Bulgularımız öğretmenlerin algılanan stresin; cinsiyet, medeni durum, yaş, eğitim durumu, meslek yılı, branş değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılığın olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin iş doyumu; eğitim durumları değişkenine göre anlamlı farklılığın olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Psikolojik dayanıklılık açısından ise; cinsiyet, yaş, görev yaptığı okul türü değişkenlerine göre anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Öğretmenlerin algılanan stres ile iş doyumu arasındaki ilişkiler incelendiğinde algılanan stres ile iş doyumu arasında negatif yönlü ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır.Anahtar Sözcükler - algılanan stres, iş doyumu, psikolojik dayanıklılık, öğretmenThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived stress, job satisfaction and mental toughness levels of different branch teachers.A total of 319 teachers, 176 male and 143 female, working in Kayseri Province participated in the study. A descriptive scanning model was used in the study. Personal Data Form, Perceived Stress Scale, Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale and Adult Resilience Scale were used as data collection tools in the study to collect personal information. Independent-T test for independent groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data.Our findings showed that there was a significant difference in perceived stress of teachers according to gender, marital status, age, education level, years of service and branch variables. In addition, teachers' job satisfaction; It was concluded that there was a significant difference according to the educational status variable. In terms of psychological resilience, there was a significant difference according to the variables of gender, age, and the type of school they work in. When the relationships between perceived stress and job satisfaction of teachers were examined, it was determined that there was a negative relationship between perceived stress and job satisfaction.Keywords – perceived stress, job satisfaction, psychological resilience, teacher</p
Organ Transplantation Readiness Scale: A Scale Development Study
No full textIntroduction: The aim of this study was to determine the transplant readiness levels of patients awaiting organ transplantation, to assess the ability of the patient to adjust to life post-transplant, and to conduct a validity and reliability assessment of the organ transplant readiness scale to be able to offer patients the support they require. Method: This Methodological descriptive study was conducted between December 2023 and February 2024 on 227 patients awaiting kidney transplantation. The data were evaluated using IBM SPSS Statistics 23 and IBM SPSS AMOS 23 programs. Descriptive statistics (n, %) were given for categorical variables. In evaluating the scores given by experts, the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Rates (CVR) were calculated. The characteristics of the participants were examined with frequency and percentage distributions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and item-total correlation were used to evaluate the data for construct validity. Results: The total Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Turkish scale was 0.94. From the confirmatory factor analysis, the results of the model-fit index were: RMSEA: 0.099, GFI = 0.829, NFI: 0.886, IFI: 0.919, CFI = 0.918, RFI: 0.85. According to the explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, 11 items with low factor loads were discarded, and the scale was finalised as 21 items. The Organ Transplant Readiness Scale was determined to have a 5-factor structure: knowledge, treatment compliance, healthy living, cognition, and social support. Test–retest reliability evaluated using intraclass correlation was found to be 0.99. Conclusions: The Turkish version of the Organ Transplant Readiness Scale, prepared for patients waiting for organ transplantation, would be a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish society. The findings showed that the Turkish version of the scale consists of 5 subscales, and the Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was high. This scale can determine the needs of patients preparing for organ transplantation and guide nurses in planning the nursing care. Thus, it can give healthcare professionals an idea about how ready patients are for organ transplantation and how patients will be able to adapt after organ transplantation
Experimental Investigation of The Manufacturability of The Rear Cargo Door Actuation Cavity Component in Airbus A321 Aircraft Using Hydroforming Method with Al 2024 T3 Material
No full textHydroforming is a process for shaping metal sheet materials using high-pressure fluid, whichis gaining importance and becoming more widely used every day. Due to the incompressibilityof liquids, the same pressure is applied at every point, allowing for the easier creation ofcomplex shapes. This method enables the production of higher-strength parts as a single piece.It is possible to manufacture many components using hydroforming without the use ofexpensive tooling costs, additional expenses, and weight-adding fasteners.In this study, design and finite element method (FEM) analyses were performed for theproduction of the rear cargo door actuation cavity in Airbus A321 passenger aircraft, followedby mold design and production. Suitable shaping was achieved using fluid at a pressure of 1600psi (110 bar). A commercial hand pump was used to obtain the required pressure. The materialused was 1.2 mm thick Al 2024 T3. The produced sheet material was examined using nondestructive testing methods to ensure it met the necessary quality requirements. The results ofthe simulation and experimental studies of the product shaped by hydroforming were compared,and the results were found to be highly compatible.The study demonstrated that hydroforming technology could be used in the production of morecomplex workpieces that require higher strength, thanks to the more controllable and preciseforce application in later stages. Guiding results were obtained regarding material and pressureselection for the production of the rear cargo door actuation cavity in Airbus A321 passengeraircraft. </p
