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The effect of cold needle on the development of pain and ecchymosis in subcutaneous heparin injection in adults: a prospective, randomised controlled study
No full textBackgroundSubcutaneous injection is a practice frequently used by nurses and may result in complications.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold needle on pain, injection satisfaction and ecchymosis development in subcutaneous heparin injection.MethodsThe study was conducted as a prospective, parallel-group, randomised controlled study with single-blind design. Participants were randomly divided into two groups as chilled needle group (n = 30) and control group (standard needle group) (n = 30). Subcutaneous injections were given to the intervention group with a chilled needle at 0-2 degrees C and to the control group with a needle stored at room temperature. Patients were evaluated for ecchymosis for 72 h. Post-procedure pain and satisfaction levels were analysed. The Descriptive Characteristics Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale, Patient Satisfaction Form for Injection and Ecchymosis Follow-up Chart were used to collect the data.ResultsThe intervention group had significantly lower pain scores, compared to the control group (21.00 +/- 14.46 vs. 33.00 +/- 18.03). In addition, the mean injection satisfaction score of the intervention group (86.33 +/- 11.29) was significantly higher than the control group (73.00 +/- 17.04). In terms of ecchymosis development, higher rates of ecchymosis formation were observed in the control group, compared to the intervention group.ConclusionsThe findings support that the cooled needle in subcutaneous injection has the potential to reduce pain, increase injection satisfaction and prevent the development of ecchymosis
Role of Long Non-Coding RNA X-Inactive-Specific Transcript (XIST) in Neuroinflammation and Myelination: Insights from Cerebral Organoids and Implications for Multiple Sclerosis
No full textBackground/Objectives: X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST) is a factor that plays a role in neuroinflammation. This study investigated the role of XIST in neuronal development, neuroinflammation, myelination, and therapeutic responses within cerebral organoids in the context of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Methods: Human cerebral organoids with oligodendrocytes were produced from XIST-silenced H9 cells, and the mature organoids were subsequently treated with either FTY720 or DMF. Gene expression related to inflammation and myelination was subsequently analyzed via qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess the expression of proteins related to inflammation, myelination, and neuronal differentiation. Alpha-synuclein protein levels were also checked via ELISA. Finally, transcriptome analysis was conducted on the organoid samples. Results: XIST-silenced organoids presented a 2-fold increase in the expression of neuronal stem cells, excitatory neurons, microglia, and mature oligodendrocyte markers. In addition, XIST silencing increased IL-10 mRNA expression by 2-fold and MBP and PLP1 expression by 2.3- and 0.6-fold, respectively. Although XIST silencing tripled IBA1 protein expression, it did not affect organoid MBP expression. FTY720, but not DMF, distinguished MBP and IBA1 expression in XIST-silenced organoids. Furthermore, XIST silencing reduced the concentration of alpha-synuclein from 300 to 100 pg/mL, confirming its anti-inflammatory role. Transcriptomic and gene enrichment analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes are involved in neural development and immune processes, suggesting the role of XIST in neuroinflammation. The silencing of XIST modified the expression of genes associated with inflammation, myelination, and neuronal growth in cerebral organoids, indicating a potential involvement in the pathogenesis of MS. Conclusions: XIST may contribute to the MS pathogenesis as well as neuroinflammatory diseases such as and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and may be a promising therapeutic target
Mehmet Akif Ersoy’un “Süleymaniye Kürsüsünde” Adlı Kitabında Hindistan ve Hindistanlı Müslümanlar
No full textSTRATEJİK ULUSLARARASI HEDEF PAZAR SEÇİMİ İÇİN YENİ BİR ORANSAL BULANIK CRITIC-TOPSIS ÇERÇEVESİ
No full textAkım Sitometride Temel Uygulamalar ve Tanısal Kullanımı
No full textAkım sitometrik analiz başta hematolojik malignansiler ve immünsistem hastalıkları olmak üzere sıklıkla başvurulan bir laboratuvartanı yöntemidir. Gelişen teknolojiye bağlı olarak klinik tanı vebilimsel araştırmalarda uygulama alanı hızla genişlemekte. Akımsitometrinin başlıca özelliği binlerce hücrenin eş zamanlı, çokparametreli ölçüm ve karakterizasyonunun hızlı ve doğru bir şekildeyapılabilmesidir. Akım sitometri ile başta kan ve kemik iliği olmaküzere bütün vücut sıvıları, kültür sıvıları, hatta doku örneklerindenelde edilen sıvılarda bulunan hücrelerin analizi, hücresel yapılarıncanlılık değerlendirmesi ve gelişimsel aşamaları gösterilmesimümkündür. Ayrıca, çeşitli mitojenlerle uyarım sonrasında hücreiçi ve yüzeyindeki reseptör ekspresyonları ve fonksiyonlardakideğişimin belirlenebilir. Akım sitometri ile periferik kan analizindeilk aşamada floresan yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak süspansiyonhalindeki hücrelerin büyüklüğüne ve granülaritesine göre (FSC,SSC) ve ortak lökosit (CD45) kanalında farklı hücre gruplarınındağılım incelenir. Hasta ve sağlıklı kişilerden elde edilen kan/ kemik iliği vb. örneklerinin akım sitometride incelenmesipatolojik durumların ayırt edilmesine katkı sunan bir göstergedir.Teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak akım sitometri yöntemininklinik laboratuvar tanı, takip ve bilimsel araştırma uygulamalarındakullanımında dönemsel güncellenmeye ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.</p
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHER SELF-EFFICACY AND SKILL TEACHING COMPETENCE PERCEPTION: A STUDY ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS TEACHERS
No full textThe evaluation of posterior superior alveolar Canal in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate using cone-beam computed tomography
No full textBackground: This study evaluates the location and supero-inferior diameter of the posterior superior alveolar canal (PSAC) in adolescent patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT scans of sixty adolescent patients (30 male, 30 female) having unilateral CLP were included in the study. The visibility of PSAC, its location relative to the maxillary sinus (upper, middle and lower parts of the sinus and alveolar crest level), and the supero-inferior diameter of the PSAC were evaluated. Additionally, the entry point of the PSAC into the maxillary sinus was assessed relative to the teeth. Results: The average age of the patients was 15.5 ± 1.6 years. PSAC is located significantly more in the middle (61.7%) and superior (38.3%) third of the maxillary sinus in cleft side (CS) (p < 0.001). The mean PSAC supero-inferior diameter in the CS (1.08 ± 0.2 mm) was significantly higher than in the non-cleft side (NC) (0.96 ± 0.2 mm) (p < 0.001). When the position of the PSAC relative to the teeth was evaluated, it was seen that it entered the maxillary sinus more from the first premolar tooth level in CS and from the first molar tooth level in NC (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PSAC location in CS was most commonly found in the middle and superior thirds of the maxillary sinus compared to NC. The mean supero-inferior diameter of PSAC was larger in CS compared to NC. The entry point of PSAC into the maxillary sinus was more anteriorly positioned in CS compared to NC
Extracellular vesicles therapy alleviates cisplatin-ınduced testicular tissue toxicity in a rat model
No full textPurpose Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapy agent effective against various cancers, however it induces significant gonadotoxicity and infertility due to its adverse effects on testicular function. The underlying mechanisms of cisplatin-induced testicular damage include oxidative stress and dysregulated autophagy. This study investigates the potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to mitigate cisplatin-induced testicular damage through their regenerative, antioxidant, and autophagy-modulating properties. Methods In the testicular toxicity model, thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): control, EVs-only, Cis-only, and Cis + EVs. A single intraperitoneal dose of 7.5mg/kg cisplatin was administered on the first day. On the six day, the EVs treatment group received a single dose of EVs (8x107/100μl) intravenously. Animals were sacrificed on day eight. Testicular histoarchitecture was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Sperm parameters, including motility and count, were measured using light microscopy. Hormone levels (testosterone and inhibin) were determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress markers, such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and is a metabolite malondialdehyde (MDA), were quantified using colorimetric assays. Autophagy and steroidogenesis were evaluated through immunohistochemical analysis of Beclin-1, p62, LC3–2, SF-1, and StAR. Results Cisplatin exposure caused significant testicular damage, characterized by reduced germinal epithelium and degeneration of seminiferous tubules (p < 0.001). These structural changes led to hormonal imbalances, as evidenced by declines in testosterone (p < 0.005) and inhibin (p < 0.001). Additionally, sperm motility (p < 0.05) and count (p < 0.001) were adversely affected. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed upregulation of autophagy markers (p < 0.001), indicating heightened autophagic activity, alongside downregulation of steroidogenic factors (p < 0.001), which contributed to impaired steroidogenesis. Elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.01) and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes—GSH-PX, SOD, and CAT (p < 0.001) pointed to increased oxidative stress as a contributing mechanism. In contrast, treatment with extracellular vesicles (EVs) significantly improved testicular histoarchitecture (p < 0.001) and restored hormonal levels toward normal (testosterone p < 0.005, inhibin p < 0.001). Furthermore, EVs reduced the expression of autophagy markers (p < 0.001) and enhanced the levels of steroidogenic factors (p < 0.05). Notably, MDA levels decreased (p < 0.001), while antioxidant activities increased (p < 0.001), suggesting a protective effect of EVs against oxidative stress. Conclusion EVs protect against cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity by modulating oxidative stress and autophagy pathways, preserving testicular function and fertility. These findings suggest that EVs may be a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating cisplatin’s negative effects on reproductive health. Further exploration of dosing regimens and localized applications is recommended for improved efficacy