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Effect of music and aromatherapy applied in palliative care on symptom management: a systematic review
No full textAbstract Introduction: Patients undergoing treatment in palliative care units often complain of symptoms such as nausea, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and pain. For individuals with life-threatening or limiting critical illnesses, effectively managing these symptoms is crucial to enhancing their quality of life, regardless of the remaining time. Due to the diversity of symptoms observed in palliative care patients, the treatment approach relies on multidisciplinary collaboration, incorporating traditional support and specialized palliative care, including complementary and integrative therapies. In this regard, aromatherapy and music therapy are utilized as potential complementary treatments for symptom management in palliative care. This study was conducted with the objective of systematically reviewing published studies related to the impact of aromatherapy and music applied to patients in palliative care on symptom management. The aim was to systematically examine the data obtained from the reviewed studies. Material Method :One of the studies included in the scope of the research is retrospective, one is quasiexperimental (a single-group study without a control group), and five have an experimental design (randomized controlled trials). The data collection tools utilized in these studies include the "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index," "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale," "Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale," "Baxter Nausea Face Scale," "Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale," "Children's Anxiety and Pain Scale," "Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire," and "Brief Fatigue Inventory." In general, the findings of the study indicate significant changes in scale scores, demonstrating the effectiveness of music and aromatherapy on commonly encountered symptoms in palliative care, such as pain, anxiety, and nausea-vomiting. The study was conducted by searching national and international studies on Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar databases, with a time range limited between 2018 and 2023. The search utilized keywords such as "palliative care," "aromatherapy," "music therapy," and various combinations thereof. Six studies have been included in the analysis. Conclusion :Based on these results, it can be concluded that these therapies are employed and can be utilized in the management of symptoms in patients receiving palliative care
Improving refugee ıntegration: the role of cooperatives in reduction of employment disadvantages
No full textKüresel çapta yerinden edilme oranlarının eşi benzeri görülmemiş seviyelere ulaştığı günümüz koşullarında, mültecilerin karşılaştığı ekonomik zorlukların ele alınması, sosyal uyumun sağlanması ve sürdürülebilir entegrasyonun teşvik edilmesi büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda, kooperatifler, mültecilere beceri geliştirme, sosyal entegrasyon ve ekonomik güçlenme fırsatları sunarak daha kapsayıcı bir işgücü piyasası yaratılmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, kooperatif işletmelerinin, mültecilerin ev sahibi toplumlara entegrasyonunu kolaylaştırmak ve istihdamdaki dezavantajlarını azaltmak için
stratejik bir mekanizma olarak taşıdığı potansiyeli incelemektedir. Araştırma kapsamında, mültecilerin istihdamına engel oluşturan dil bariyerleri, yasal mevzuatlar, yabancı niteliklerin tanınmaması ve sınırlı sosyal ağlar gibi temel sorunlar ele alınmaktadır. Mültecilerin çalışma haklarına ilişkin hem uluslararası mevzuatın hem de Türkiye’nin ulusal mevzuatının detaylı incelemesi yapılarak; mültecilerin Türkiye’deki işgücü piyasasına erişiminde karşılaştığı pratik zorluklara dikkat çekilmiş ve kooperatiflerin mülteci girişimciliğini teşvik etme, sürdürülebilir işletmelerin kurulması için uygun bir ortam yaratma konusundaki rolleri değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kooperatiflerin, mültecilerin entegrasyon sürecinde anlamlı
ekonomik faaliyetlerde bulunmalarına, özgüven kazanmalarına ve sosyal entegrasyonlarını desteklemelerine uygun bir ortam sağlayabileceği ön görülmüştür. Buradan hareketle,
mültecilerin çalışma hakkının etkin bir şekilde uygulanmasını sağlamak için ulusal mevzuatın
uluslararası standartlarla uyumlu hale getirilmesinin önemi vurgulanmıştır. Mültecilerin kendi kendine yeterlilik ve topluluk entegrasyonu süreçlerinde kooperatiflerin daha etkin bir rol oynaması için ek araştırmalar yapılması ve politika geliştirilmesi çağrısında bulunulmuştur.With global displacement rates reaching unprecedented levels, it is crucial to address the economic challenges faced by refugees and promote social cohesion and sustainable integration. In this context, cooperatives contribute to creating a more inclusive labor market by providing refugees with opportunities for skills development, social integration and economic empowerment. This study examines the potential of cooperative enterprises as a strategic mechanism to facilitate the integration of refugees into host communities and reduce their disadvantages in employment. The research addresses the main barriers to refugee employment, such as language barriers, legislation, lack of recognition of foreign qualifications, and limited social networks. Through a detailed review of both international and Turkish national legislation on refugees' labor rights, we highlighted the practical challenges refugees face in accessing the Turkish labor market and assessed the role of cooperatives in promoting refugee entrepreneurship and creating an enabling environment for the establishment of sustainable businesses. As a result, it is suggested that cooperatives can provide an enabling environment for refugees to engage in meaningful economic activities, gain self-confidence and support their social integration. The importance of aligning national legislation with international standards to ensure the effective implementation of refugees'
right to work was therefore emphasized. It called for additional research and policy development to enable cooperatives to play a more effective role in refugee self-reliance and community integration
Turkish validation of the trans-questionnaire in trans men undergoing mastectomy
No full textBackground: TRANS-questionnaire (TRANS-Q), designed by Wanta et al. in 2019, was prepared for trans men to assess postmastectomy satisfaction. Aim: In our study, we aimed to perform the Turkish validation of the TRANS-Q questionnaire in patients who underwent periareolar mastectomy and double-incision mastectomy with nipple-Areolar complex (NAC) double-incision mastectomy with free nipple-Areolar complex graft (DIMFNG). Patients and Methods: Chest masculinization was performed on 92 patients between December 2019 and February 2021. The patients completed the TRANS-Q and BREAST questionnaires (BREAST-Q) reduction mammaplasty/mastopexy module preoperatively and at the 1 st year postoperatively. As only 41 patients completed both the TRANS-Q and BREAST-Q, we decided to conduct the study on 41 patients. Validity and reliability studies were performed on the TRANS-Q. The internal consistency reliability coefficient of TRANS-Q preoperative and postoperative questions was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Results: The reliability coefficient of the scale (0.60≤ α <90; α =0.82) was interpreted as a highly reliable scale for preoperative questions and (0.90≤ α <1; α = 0.94) for postoperative questions. There was a high and significant positive correlation between the preoperative questions of TRANS-Q and BREAST-Q (r = 0.7, P < 0.01). Discussion: The TRANS-Q questionnaire was an effective measurement tool in evaluating the postoperative satisfaction of transgender individuals, and it would be a correct approach to confirm these results with a large patient series. Conclusion: The Turkish-validated TRANS-Q is an effective and reliable measurement tool, and it is useful in revealing the patients' early and late surgical outcomes
A framework for the examination of urban coastal areas against the risk of sea level rise and evaluation of design strategies: the cases of Izmir and Thessaloniki
No full textThe aim of the study is to provide a framework for determining design and adaptation strategies for urban coastal area uses against sea level rise risk due to climate change. The main argument of the study is that strategies to be put forward at the scale of urban design and architecture are important in preventing the negative effects of sea level rise and common and developing strategies can be created for cities with similar urban morphologies, spatial and functional characteristics. Within this scope, Izmir and Thessaloniki cities are chosen as a case that have morphologically and spatially/functionally similar characteristics. In the research part, analysis parameters for the characteristics of urban coastal areas are grouped as; geographical/morphological and spatial/functional. According to these two parameters, possible impacts, also design and adaptation strategies in literature are classified in urban and architectural scales. In the case study, coastal area sections of cities were prepared to understand the morphological and spatial/functional characteristics. Then, sections were divided into sub-segments to understand urban space structures. Strategies includes suggestions for reorganizing urban space functions, designing urban landscapes, urban equipment and furniture, also creating infrastructure decisions and strengthening the existing building stock in the short term for flood risk
The effects of aromatherapy and music on pain, anxiety, and stress levels in palliative care patients
No full textAim: Pain and anxiety levels in palliative care patients negatively impact their quality of life, highlighting the need for research on non-pharmacological methods. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of music and aromatherapy interventions on pain, anxiety, and stress levels in these patients. Material and Methods: The research was designed as a single-blind, four-group, randomized controlled trial. The sample consisted of 88 patients hospitalized in a palliative care center (receiving palliative care services with terminal or advanced diseases). Patients were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 22, music, aromatherapy, music and aromatherapy, and control group). Patients in the experimental groups received the intervention to which they were assigned for 20 min each day for three consecutive days: music, aromatherapy, or music accompanied by aromatherapy. No intervention was applied to the control group. The patients' levels of pain, anxiety, and stress were assessed before and after the intervention using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the Facial Anxiety Scale (FAS), and the Distress Thermometer. Results: No significant differences were found in the demographic characteristics of the groups (p > 0.05). The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Kruskal–Wallis tests indicated statistically significant differences in pre- and post-intervention scores for VAS, FAS, and Distress across all experimental groups on all follow-up days (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Implementing music, aromatherapy, and their combination effectively reduced pain, anxiety, and stress levels in palliative care patients, suggesting these non-pharmacological interventions can improve their quality of life
Laparoskopik kolesistektomiden açık kolesistektomiye geçişin belirleyicileri: Türkiye örneği
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of patients who required conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy. In addition, we compared the health outcomes of laparoscopic and converted cholecystectomy. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures performed in hospitals of the Turkish Ministry of Health in 2016 were examined. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results: There were 103,387 laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Of these, 102,294 (98.9%) were laparoscopically completed, whereas 1,093 (1.1%) were converted to open cholecystectomy. The majority (75.9%) of the patients were female. The rate of conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy; in men ≥65 years of age, patients with chronic renal failure, hypertension, diabetes, malign neoplasm, and cerebrovascular disease were found to be statistically significantly higher than those in the opposing groups. Mortality, complications, intensive care unit treatment rates, and average hospitalization time were found to be statistically significant in cholecystectomy converted to open surgery. Conclusion: Patients who had converted cholecystectomy had more negative health outcomes than those who had completed the procedure laparoscopically. Old age, being male, and having comorbidities and malignancies increase the risk of conversion to open cholecystectomy. These factors can help determine the conversion risk of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to an open procedure.Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı laparoskopik kolesistektomiden açık kolesistektomiye geçilmesi gereken hastaların özelliklerini belirlemektir. Ayrıca laparoskopik ve dönüştürülmüş kolesistektomilerin sağlık sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif, kesitsel bir çalışmadır. 2016 yılında Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı hastanelerinde gerçekleştirilen laparoskopik kolesistektomi işlemleri incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde ki-kare ve Mann-Whitney U testleri kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: 103.387 laparoskopik kolesistektomi yapılmıştır. Bunların 102.294’ü (98,9) laparoskopik olarak tamamlanmış, 1.093’ü (%1,1) açık kolesistektomiye çevrilmiştir. Hastaların çoğunluğu (%75,9) kadındır. Laparoskopiden açık kolesistektomiye geçiş oranının, kronik böbrek yetmezliği, hipertansiyon, diyabet, malign neoplazm ve serebrovasküler hastalığı olan erkeklerde ≥65 yaş, karşı gruplara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek olduğu, ölüm, komplikasyon, yoğun bakım ünitesi tedavi oranları ve ortalama hastanede kalış süresinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç: Kolesistektomiye dönüşen hastalar, laparoskopik olarak tamamlayanlara göre daha olumsuz sağlık sonuçlarına sahip olmuştur. İleri yaş, erkek olmak, komorbidite ve malignite varlığı açık kolesistektomiye geçiş riskini artırmaktadır. Bu faktörler, laparoskopik kolesistektominin açık
prosedüre dönüşme riskinin belirlenmesine yardımcı olabili
The effect of air pollution quality on lung cancer rates in middle-income and high-income countries: a panel data analysis approach
No full textBackground: Air pollution is one of the biggest problems in societies today. The intensity of indoor and outdoor air pollutants and the urbanization rate can cause or trigger many different diseases, especially lung cancer. In this context, this study's aim is to reveal the effects of the indoor and outdoor air pollutants, and urbanization rate on the lung cancer cases. Methods: Panel data analysis method is applied in this study. The research includes the period between 1990 and 2019 as a time series and the data type of the variables is annual. The dependent variable in the research model is lung cancer cases per 100,000 people. The independent variables are the level of outdoor air pollution, air pollution level indoor environment and urbanization rate of countries. Results: In the modeling developed for the developed country group, it is seen that the variable with the highest level of effect on lung cancer is the outdoor air pollution level. Conclusions: In parallel with the development of countries, it has been determined that the increase in industrial production wastes, in other words, worsening the air quality, may potentially cause an increase in lung cancer cases. Indoor air quality is also essential for human health; negative changes in this variable may negatively impact individuals' health, especially lung cancer
Sosyal hizmet alanında güncel yaklaşımlar ve dijital eğilimlerin değerlendirmesi
No full textSosyal hizmet alanı, toplumun değişen ihtiyaçlarına yanıt vermek amacıyla sürekli dönüşen/gelişen bir disiplindir. Son yıllarda hızla gelişen teknoloji, dijitalleşmenin artması ve bilgiye erişim yollarının çeşitlenmesi, sosyal hizmet alanında da köklü değişimlere yol açmıştır. Günümüzde, sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının karşılaştığı sorunlar ve hizmet sundukları toplulukların ihtiyaçları, dijital dünyanın sunduğu olanaklarla birlikte yeniden şekillenmektedir (Firsov vd., 2021; Gencer ve Aktan, 2021; Birinci, 2023 ). Bu bağlamda, sosyal hizmetlerin geleneksel yaklaşımlarına ek olarak, dijital teknolojilerin sunduğu yeni fırsatlar ve zorluklar da önemli hale gelmiştir
Age-friendly city from the perspective of city residents: A qualitative study in Izmir city
No full textThis study aims to reveal the evaluations of city residents regarding the age-friendly city context; it is a qualitative study conducted through in-depth interviews with older adults, local and central government representatives, academics, and NGO representatives in İzmir, Türkiye, adopting a qualitative methodology. The findings obtained through phenomenological approaches were subjected to thematic analysis. The findings, conceptualised within the framework of WHO's age-friendly city criteria, revealed differences and similarities in the city's needs for each resident group
Gerı̇atrı̇k onkolojı̇ hastalarında tedavı̇ye uyum
No full textThis study focuses on assessing cancer treatment adherence in the elderly population amidst the global increase in aging. While the relationship between aging and cancer is not fully understood, they are believed to influence each other. Common cancers in the elderly include breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer. The study aims to evaluate adherence to treatment for age-related cancers and identify influencing factors. Treatment adherence, crucial for treatment effectiveness, is found to be lower in the elderly compared to younger individuals. Factors affecting adherence include age, gender, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, treatment duration, and polypharmacy. Lack of social support and polypharmacy contribute to non-adherence. With the rise in age-related diseases, polypharmacy becomes more common, emphasizing the need for social support. Enhancing adherence is vital for managing cancer effectively with age. However, studies reveal that many elderly individuals struggle to adhere to treatment due to polypharmacy and lack of support, impacting their survival. Few studies focus on treatment adherence in elderly cancer patients, highlighting the need for more research in this area to improve patient outcomes.Bu çalışma, küresel yaşlanma artışının ortasında yaşlı nüfusta kanser tedavisine bağlılığı değerlendirmeye odaklanmaktadır. Yaşlanma ve kanser arasındaki ilişki tam olarak anlaşılmamış olsa da, birbirlerini etkilediklerine inanılmaktadır. Yaşlılarda sık görülen kanserler arasında meme, akciğer, prostat ve kolorektal kanser yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, yaşa bağlı kanserler için tedaviye uyumu değerlendirmeyi ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Tedavinin etkinliği için çok önemli olan tedaviye bağlılık, yaşlılarda genç bireylere kıyasla daha düşük bulunmuştur. Bağlılığı etkileyen faktörler arasında yaş, cinsiyet, sosyoekonomik durum, komorbiditeler, tedavi süresi ve polifarmasi yer almaktadır. Sosyal destek eksikliği ve polifarmasi uyumsuzluğa katkıda bulunmaktadır. Yaşa bağlı hastalıkların artmasıyla birlikte polifarmasi daha yaygın hale gelmekte ve sosyal desteğe duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır. Yaşla birlikte kanseri etkili bir şekilde yönetmek için bağlılığı artırmak hayati önem taşımaktadır. Ancak çalışmalar, birçok yaşlı bireyin polifarmasi ve destek eksikliği nedeniyle tedaviye uymakta zorlandığını ve bunun da sağkalımlarını etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çok az sayıda çalışma, yaşlı kanser hastalarında tedaviye uyuma odaklanmakta ve hasta sonuçlarını iyileştirmek için bu alanda daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır