Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Institutional Repository
Not a member yet
6557 research outputs found
Sort by
Molecular phylogenetic analysis resolving the taxonomic discrepancies among Salix L. species naturally found in Turkey
Get PDFDetailed phylogenetic relationships and molecular dating are still quite rare for the complex and diverse genus Salix L. Here we focus on the taxonomic status and phylogeny of twenty-six Salix taxa naturally found in Turkey using the chloroplast DNA regions (trn T-F, matK, and rbcL) to unravel the relationship among them. The status of Salix species was also checked in the phylogenetic tree constructed with the data from Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of nuclear gene, including 158 accessions from the GenBank and 126 newly generated sequences of 26 Salix taxa (24 species) naturally found in Turkey. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data from both the chloroplast (cpDNA) and nuclear (nrDNA) DNA regions enabled a reliable classification of the genus at the subgeneric level (Salix and Vetrix) with high posterior probability/ bootstrap values as 1/100. The study provides important information on the Salix phylogenetic placements and diverging times of S. pentandroides, S.apoda, S. armenorossica, S. pseudomedemii, S. pedicellata subsp. pedicellata, S. pseudodepressa, S. amplexicaulis, two subspecies of S.triandra, and two endemic species of Turkey (S. purpurea subsp. leucodermis and S. rizeensis) for the first time. Taxonomically, S. amplexicaulis and S. rizeensis previously classified under the subgenus Vetrix were clustered phylogenetically under the subgenus Salix. Subgenera Salix species appears to be diverged from the subg. Vetrix in Eocene (ca. 45.1 Mya) while the estimated divergence times of subg. Salix and subg. Vetrix dated back to 23.1 and 21.65 Mya, respectively. However, divergence times among species within Salix and Vetrix subgenera of Turkey seem to be around the Pliocene period. Molecular phylogenetic relationship between Salix species native to Turkey and Salix species from the world were mainly associated with taxonomic hierarchy, rather than geographic proximity
Ellagic Acid Inhibits TGFβ1/Smad-Induced Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Kidney Injury
Get PDFAim: Free radical formation increases due to hyperglycemia occurring in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), and as a result, oxidative stress occurs. Hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The antihyperglycemic, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects of ellagic acid (EA) have been demonstrated by many studies. In this study, it was aimed to demonstrate the antifibrotic effect of EA on TGFβ1/Smad signaling in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy. Material and Methods: A total of 24 male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 200-250 g, were used in this study. The animals were divided into four groups as control, EA, DM, and DM+EA. The kidney tissues were used for histological and immunohistochemical procedures. While the collagen density in kidney tissues was revealed by Masson's trichrome staining, the expression levels of fibrotic markers TGFβ1, p-Smad3, and αSMA were determined by the immunocytochemical method. Results: It was shown that the collagen density in the renal tissue of the DM group increased significantly in the intertubular area, while the collagen density in the EA-treated DM group was statistically significantly decreased. When TGFβ1, p-Smad3, and αSMA immunopositivity in kidney tissue sections of all groups were evaluated, the highest staining intensity was in the DM group, while the intensity of staining was close to the control group in the treatment group. It was observed that αSMA, TGFβ1, and p-Smad3 protein expression were down-regulated with EA treatment. Conclusion: EA reduced fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by returning profibrotic parameters to normal levels. © 2022, Duzce University Medical School. All rights reserved
Synthesis, antimicrobial and thermal studies of nitropyridine-substituted double armed benzo-15-crown-5 ligands; alkali (Na+ and K+) and transition metal (Ag+) complexes; reduction of nitro compounds
Get PDFNitropyridine substituted double-armed benzo 15-crown-5 compounds (1–4) were synthesized by the reactions of 4′,5′-bis(bromomethyl)benzo-15-crown-5 with hydroxypyridine derivatives. Na+ and K+ complexes (1a–4a, 1b–4b) of crown ether compounds (1–4) were prepared with sodium picrate and potassium picrate, respectively. Transition metal complexes (1c–4c) of the synthesized ligands (1–4) were prepared from Ag+ cation. In addition, nitro compounds (1, 2 and 4) were reduced by using Pd/C and hydrazine hydrate and new amine compounds (5, 6 and 8) were obtained. The structures of new double-armed crown ether compounds (2–4), their metal complexes (1a–4a, 1b–4b, 2c–4c) and amine compounds (5, 6 and 8) were elucidated by FTIR, HRMS, 1H–NMR, 13C–NMR spectroscopic methods. The thermal behaviors of these nitro group containing ligands (1–4) were compared with the resulting silver complexes (1c–4c) and amine compounds (5, 6 and 8). All synthesized compounds were examined for antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhi H, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Shigella dysenteria and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V
Rootstock Effect of Auto- and Allotetraploid Citron (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) on Hydroponically Grown Cucumber Under Salt Stress
Get PDFA hydroponic experiment was conducted to assess whether grafting with citroides rootstocks could improve the salt tolerance of cucumber. One cucumber cultivar (Mercur F1) was grafted onto six diploid and tetraploid (auto and allo) citroides genotypes and the commercial rootstocks Argentario and RS841. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture at two electrical conductivity (EC) levels (control at 1.5 dS m−1 and salt at 6.0 dS m−1). Hydroponic salt stress led to a significant reduction in biomass growth of both grafted and nongrafted cucumbers. However, the plants least affected by salt stress were those grafted onto tetraploid citroides rootstocks. The leaf nutrient uptake of cucumber plants was significantly (p < 0.001) affected by salt, graft combination, and the salt × graft interaction. Ion leakage was significantly increased by salt application, and rootstock genotypic variation was significant. While the highest amount of proline was measured in plants grafted onto RS841 and N7T, the lowest amount of proline was determined in nongrafted control plants. Antioxidative enzyme activities were significantly affected by rootstocks under both control and salt-stress conditions. In this study, all graft combinations showed increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities with salt application, which differed according to rootstock genotypes. Tetraploid citroides cultivars have high rootstock potential for cucumber and their significant contribution to salt tolerance was closely associated with inducing physiological and biochemical responses of scions. These traits could be useful for the selection and breeding of salt-tolerant rootstocks for sustainable agriculture in the future. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, part of Springer Nature
On The Complex Mıxed Dark-Brıght Wave Dıstrıbutıons To Some Conformable Nonlınear Integrable Models
Get PDFIn this research paper, we implement the sine-Gordon expansion method to two governing models which are the (2+1)-dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation and the Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kotera equation. We use conformable derivative to transform these nonlinear partial differential models to ordinary differential equations. We find some wave solutions having trigonometric function, hyperbolic function. Under the strain conditions of these solutions obtained in this paper, various simulations are plotted. © 2022 The Author(s)
Investigating Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Definitions, Formulas, and Graphs of Directly and Inversely Proportional Relationships
Get PDFThis study investigates 48 preservice middle school teachers’ formal textbook definitions, formulas, and graphs of the directly and inversely proportional relationships. The connections among these three types of representations and how preservice teachers’ representations differ according to the two relationships are also examined. The data of the study included the preservice teachers’ responses to a paper-and-pencil test with two items. An explanatory research design model was followed when developing this study. The study findings indicated the preservice teachers’ over-attention to the simultaneous increases and/or decreases when representing the directly and inversely proportional relationships. Only four preservice teachers stated in their definitions that the ratio was constant in the directly proportional relationship. Whereas none of them stated constant product in their inversely proportional definition. Although the preservice teachers were slightly better at writing the direct proportion formula than the inverse proportion formula, this difference was much greater in terms of drawing the direct and inverse proportion graphs. Sixty percent of the preservice teachers drew their inverse proportion graphs as linear with negative slopes. Moreover, the analysis showed that the preservice teachers’ definitions were not well-linked with their graphs and formulas. On the other hand, the preservice teachers who were better at providing correct formulas were also better at drawing the correct graphs. Implications for teaching and future study suggestions are discussed. © 2022. The Author(s) & Dept. of Mathematical Sciences-The University of Montana
Reinvestigating the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis by a composite model constructed on the Armey curve hypothesis with government spending for the US States
Get PDFThis study reinvestigates the EKC hypothesis for US states with a new methodology that differs from all previous empirical studies using traditional EKC models. To this aim, this methodology, for the first time, unifies two seemingly different but strongly interrelated hypotheses (models), namely the Armey curve (AC) and traditional EKC models, into one single composite model. The rationale for creating this composite model is twofold. First, the functional propositions of these two hypotheses are depicted with inverted U-shaped curves. Second, they also have economically interrelated-causal relationships. This means that rising government spending (through the AC hypothesis) increases real GDP per capita (RGDPPC) and, consequently, increases in RGDPPC (through the EKC hypothesis) increase CO2 emissions. The composite model created may also allow US state policymakers to determine a single maximum spending level that will maximize or minimize CO2 emissions. Empirical findings indicate that the composite model is capable of testing the EKC hypothesis for 7 US states. Additionally, for 7 US states, maximum spending level was calculated to be around 15% of their RGDPPCs. Hence, with this calculated spending level, policymakers of these states may be able to determine-adjust their golden spending levels so as not to cause environmental degradation and declines in GDP. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
Determining the proper sowing time for the mixture of hungarian vetch and triticale under continental climate conditions
Get PDFThe research was conducted to determine forage yield and some quality characteristics of Hungarian vetch + triticale mixture, sowed in five different times under rainfed conditions of Central Anatolia, Turkey. The mixture was sowed in the second, third and fourth week of October, and the first and the second week of November in 2017 and 2018. Depending on the sowing times, plant height (PH) of Hungarian vetch and triticale was between 46.7 and 59.4 cm, and 85.9 and 93.4 cm, respectively. Green forage yield (GFY) was between 1746.2 and 2059.4 kg da-1, dry matter yield (DMY) was between 541.0 and 707.6 kg da-1, crude protein yield (CPY) was between 80.4 and 110.3 kg da-1, digestible dry matter yield (DDMY) was between 340.8 and 453.9 kg da-1, acid detergent fiber (ADF) ratio was between 31.8 and 33.7%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio was between 44.7 and 49.5%, total digestible nutrient (TDN) was between 57.9 and 60.4% and relative feed value (RFV) was between 118.6 and 133.8. Sowing time had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on PH of triticale, while it has a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on GFY, DMY, CPY, DDMY, NDF ratios and RFV. Delaying the sowing time caused a decrease in the GFY, DMY and quality of the mixture. Results revealed that the first week of October is the most appropriate sowing time to obtain high dry matter yield with high quality under continental climate conditions of the Central Anatolia. © 2022, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. All rights reserved
Estimation of genetic and phenotypic parameters for body condition score, milk yield and milk composition, and factors affecting related traits during the first 150 days of lactation in Holstein cows
Get PDFThis study aimed to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters for BCS, milk yield and its composition in Holstein cows. The data were collected in the first 150 days in milk (DIM) of 317 Holstein cows calved between 2017 and 2018 raised at a pri-vate dairy cattle farm located in Kırşehir of Turkey. In this study, parity and DIM were included as fixed factors in the model. The cows were grouped according to their BCS: low (BCS≤2.50), moderate (BCS=2.75-3.00) and high (BCS≥3.25). The results showed that effects of parity and DIM on BCS, test-day milk yield (TDMY), solids-non-fat (SNF), protein content (PC), lactose (LACT), fat yield (FY) and protein yield (PY) were significantly important (P<0.05), whereas fat content (FC) was not. The highest TDMY, FY and PY were determined in cows with low BCS. FC, SNF, PC and LACT were the highest in cows with high BCS compared to those with low BCS and moderate BCS. The estimated heritability were 0.188, 0.301, 0.184, 0.197, 0.194, 0.223, 0.196 and 0.342 for BCS, TDMY, FC, SNF, PC, LACT, FY and PY, respectively. Repeatability for these traits was estimated to vary from 0.257 to 0.521. Genetic correlations between BCS and milk yield traits were generally low and ranged from-0.175 to 0.191. Low to moderate phenotypic correlations were also observed between BCS and milk yield traits (-0.234 to 0.217). Despite estimated low heritability and correlations during the early lactation period in our study, these results showed that cows with lower BCS had higher milk yield and lower milk contents, and selection programs including BCS will lead to slight improvements of milk yield traits in Holstein cows. © 2022, Massimo Morgante. All rights reserved
Biopsychosocial Approach in Identifying Risk Factors of Kinesiophobia in Persons with Subacromial Pain Syndrome and Developing a Clinical Prediction Tool
Get PDFIntroduction Although the negative effects of kinesiophobia on functional status in subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS) patients are clearly demonstrated, no study examines the risk factors of kinesiophobia in individuals with SAPS from a biopsychosocial perspective. The present study aims to determine the risk factors of kinesiophobia in individuals with SAPS using a biopsychosocial approach. This study also aims to explore the compounding effects of multiple associative risk factors by developing a clinical prediction tool to identify SAPS patients at higher risk for kinesiophobia. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study included 549 patients who were diagnosed with SAPS. The Tampa-Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) was used to assess kinesiophobia. Visual analog scale (VAS), The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, the presence of metabolic syndrome, using any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Illness Perception Questionnaire-revised (IPQ-R), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), behavioral pattern of the patient, sociodemographic characteristics, and treatment expectancy were outcome measures. Results Thirteen significant risk factors of having kinesiophobia were: VAS(at rest) (>= 5.2), VAS(during activity) (>= 7.1), DASH (>= 72.1), presence of metabolic syndrome, PCShelplessness (>= 16.1), IPQ-R-personal control (= 7.9), avoidance behavior type, being female, educational level (<= high school), average hours of sleep (<= 6.8), and treatment expectancy (<= 6.6). The presence of seven or more risk factors increased the probability of having high level of kinesiophobia from 34.3 to 51%. Conclusions It seems necessary to address these factors, increase awareness of health practitioners and individuals