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Almancadan Türkçeye çevrilen felsefi eserler (1923-2024): Nicel veriye dayalı kapsamlı bir değerlendirme
No full textFelsefi metinlerin farklı kültürlere aktarımı, yalnızca dilsel bir çeviri süreci değil; aynı zamanda kavramsal ve düşünsel yapıların yeniden üretimini içeren çok katmanlı bir kültürel etkileşim alanıdır. Türkiye'de felsefi düşüncenin evrimi, büyük ölçüde bu tür çeviri hareketleri aracılığıyla şekillenmiş; özellikle Batı felsefesinin temel metinleri, entelektüel modernleşmenin taşıyıcı unsurlarından biri olmuştur. Almanca kaynaklı eserlerin Türkçeye kazandırılması, Türkiye'nin kültürel ve akademik gelişimi üzerinde derin etkiler yaratmış; felsefi söylemin çeşitlenmesine ve kavramsal altyapının zenginleşmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Bu bağlamda gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, 1923- 2024 yılları arasında Almancadan Türkçeye çevrilen felsefi eserler nicel veriler ışığında sistematik olarak incelenmiş; dönemsel eğilimler ve kurumsal yönelimler nitel bir çözümleme ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesi, çeviri faaliyetlerini kültürel dizge içerisindeki işlevleri üzerinden açıklayan Çoğuldizge Kuramı'na dayandırılmış; çeviri etkinliklerinin yalnızca dil transferi değil, kültürel yeniden üretim süreci olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Çalışmada betimsel istatistiklere dayalı nicel araştırma yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Oluşturulan katalog çevrilen eserlerin yazar, çevirmen, yayınevi, yayın yılı ve felsefenin alt alanı bilgilerine göre sistematik biçimde sınıflandırılmasıyla yapılandırılmıştır. Veriler, frekans ve yüzde dağılımları temelinde analiz edilmiş, elde edilen bulgular grafiksel gösterimler aracılığıyla görselleştirilerek yorumlanmıştır. Bulgulara göre, incelenen dönemde toplam 966 felsefi eser Almancadan Türkçeye çevrilmiştir. 1930'lu ve 1940'lı yıllarda çeviri faaliyetlerinin devlet destekli kurumların öncülüğünde yoğunlaşmış, 1960'lı yıllarda akademik çevrelerin etkisiyle ivme kazanmış ve 1980 sonrası özel yayınevlerinin devreye girmesiyle çeşitlenerek yayılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Almancadan Türkçeye yapılan felsefi çeviriler, Türkiye'nin entelektüel modernleşme sürecinde kurucu bir rol oynamıştır. Yeni kavramların ve düşünce biçimlerinin oluşumuna zemin hazırlayan bu süreç, nicel ve nitel veriler ışığında sistematik olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, söz konusu değerlendirmeyle hem çeviri tarihi hem de düşünce tarihi literatürüne özgün bir katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.The transmission of philosophical texts to different cultures is not only a linguistic translation process, but also a multi-layered field of cultural interaction involving the reproduction of conceptual and intellectual structures. The evolution of philosophical thought in Türkiye has been shaped to a great extent through such translation movements; especially the basic texts of Western philosophy have been one of the carrier elements of intellectual modernisation. The translation of German-language works into Turkish had a profound impact on Türkiye9s cultural and academic development and contributed to the diversification of philosophical discourse and the enrichment of the conceptual infrastructure. In this study, philosophical works translated from German into Turkish between 1923 and 2024 are systematically analysed in the light of quantitative data; periodical trends and institutional tendencies are evaluated through a qualitative analysis. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the Multilanguage Theory, which explains translation activities through their functions in the cultural system; it is emphasised that translation activities are not only language transfer but also a process of cultural reproduction. The study adopted a quantitative research method based on descriptive statistics. The catalogue was structured by systematically classifying the translated works according to author, translator, publishing house, year of publication and subfield of philosophy. The data were analysed on the basis of frequency and percentage distributions, and the findings were visualised and interpreted through graphical representations. According to the findings, a total of 966 philosophical works were translated from German into Turkish during the period analysed. In the 1930s and 1940s, translation activities intensified under the leadership of state-sponsored institutions, gained momentum in the 1960s with the influence of academic circles, and diversified and spread after 1980 with the entry of private publishing houses. In conclusion, philosophical translations from German into Turkish played a founding role in Türkiye's intellectual modernisation process. This process, which paved the way for the formation of new concepts and ways of thinking, has been systematically evaluated in the light of quantitative and qualitative data. This study aims to make an original contribution to the literature on both the history of translation and the history of thought
Mekanik alaşımlama ve FAST sinterleme yöntemleriyle gözenekli %7 Ni içeren Mg alaşımı (Mg7Ni) geliştirilmesi ; hidrojen depolama uygulamaları için incelenmesi
Get PDFBu tez çalışması, esas itibarı ile H2 depolama için uygun mikro yapıda gözenekli ve göreceli dayanımı yüksek toz metalurji tekniği (mekanik alaşımlama ve FAST sinterleme) ile %7 Ni içeren Mg7Ni alaşımı geliştirmesi amaçlanmıştır. Önce, ağırlıkça %93 magnezyum ve %7 nikel içeren toz karışımları mekanik öğütmeye tabi tutulmuş, öğütme sırasında ve sonrası toz yüzeylerinin fiziksel ve kimyasal kirlenmesini önlenmesi amacıyla silika ile kaplanmış ardından göreceli kısa süre AC-elektrik alan destekli sinterleme yöntemiyle (FAST) sinterlenmiştir. Üretilen numunelerin yoğunluk ölçümleri, XRD, SEM-EDS analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş, ayrıca basma dayanımı ve sertlik testleri yapılarak malzeme özellikleri detaylı şekilde incelenmiştir. Mekanik alaşımlandırma yöntemi ile ticari saflıktaki magnezyumun kristal kafes yapısına nikel tozlarının yer alması sonucu oluşması muhtemel katı toz çözeltisi gerilme alanları oluşturacağı varsayılmıştır. Bu gerilme alanları kafes içerisindeki dislokasyon hareketlerini engelleyerek veya sınırlayarak mukavemet, sertlik ve basma dayanımı gibi mekanik özelliklerde artış sağlayacağı düşünülmüştür. Ayrıca nikel ilavesi, özellikle öğütme işleminde etkin olarak magnezyum tanelerinin ince yapılı olmasına katkı sağlayacağı (Hall-Petch etkisi) ve ince yapılı tanedeki artan tane sınırı sayısı mekanik değerlerin artışına sebep olacağı şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu varsayımlar MÖ teorisine ve literatüre uygundur. Bu varsayımlar ışığında, mekanik öğütülmüş/alaşımlandırılmış Mg-Ni tozları, FAST gibi kısa süreli ve göreceli düşük sıcaklıklarda sinterlenmesi ile yukarıda bahsedilen MÖ üstünlükleri korunması amaçlanmıştır. Neticede yapılan deneysel çalışmada, sinterlenmiş Mg7Ni alaşımın mekanik özelliklerinin artışı, MÖ ve FAST sinterlemeye atfedilmiştir. Ayrıca, Nikel ilavesiyle, literatürde belirtildiği gibi, az da olsa süreksizliğe neden olması neticesinde, saf magnezyuma kıyasla bir miktar gözeneklilik artışı sağladığı söylenebilir. Bu artış, malzemenin birim hacmindeki aktif yüzey alanının genişlemesine neden olarak, potansiyel hidrojen adsorpsiyon bölgelerinin sayısını artırmış ve böylece hidrojen depolama kapasitesinin iyileştirilmesine olanak sağlayabilir. Yapısal analizlerde, silika kaplanmış numunelerin yapısında, silika varlığı XRD analizlerinde saptanamamıştır. Buna karşılık silika varlığı SEM-EDS analizlerinde açıkça görülmüştür. Silika kaplanmamış olanlarda MgO varlığı açıkça görülürken, kaplanmış numunelerde oksit ve benzeri yapılara rastlanmamıştır. Silika kaplanmış numunelerde, yalnızca Mg, Ni ve Mg2Ni fazları görülmüştür. Silika kaplamanın oksit ve benzeri yapıların oluşumunu engellediği anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca, silika kaplanmış numuneler göreceli daha yüksek mekanik değerlere sahip olduğu test edilmiştir. Bu durum "temiz MgNi metalik toz yüzeyleri (kaplanmış numuneler), literatürde ön görüldüğü gibi sinterlenebilirliliği artırmasına atfedilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, yapılan deneysel çalışmalarda silika kaplama yapılan numunelerin daha yüksek oranda gözenekli veya daha düşük yoğunlukta olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu durum metalik tozlar arasında yer alan silika varlığı ile açıklanabilir. Gözeneklilik doğrudan "silika varlığının diğer bir kanıtı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kaplama yapılmış numunelerin hem gözenekli hem de yüksek dayanım sahip olması, ilk bakışta çelişkili görünse de tozlar arasında yer alan silikanın sinterlenemeyişi iki yönde etkilemesi ile açıklanabilir. Birincisi, metal tozları arasına sinterlemeyi engelleyecek oradan bulunması gözenek oluşumuna sebep olurken, çok düşük oranlarda ve/veya kısmı kaplama durumunda, temiz metalik yüzeyler arasında sinterleme sonucu güçlü ve kaliteli metalik bağların gelişmesi ila izah edilebilir. SEM-EDS görüntülerindeki parlaklık noktalar ve element yüzdeleri, silikanın mikro yapıda ince veya seyrek bir yapıda dağıldığını göstermektedir. Yoğun silika birikiminin olduğu bölgelerde, silikanın sinterleme işlemini engellediği ve sinterleme kalitesini düşürdüğü gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum, gözenekli bir yapının oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Öte yandan, silikanın kısmen seyrek olduğu bölgelerde sinterleme kalitesinin artması, olası kontaminasyonun engellenmesi ve göreceli metal-metal sinterleme sinterlenme etkisini artırdığı söylenebilir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada seçilen düşük sürelerde bile kısa sinterleme süresi değişimi, beklendiği gibi sinterleme teorisine uygun biçimde sinterleme etkinliğini artırdığı bir kez daha gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucu elde edilen göreceli yüksek dayanımlı ve gözenekli yapı, hidrojen depolama ve benzeri absorpsiyon işlemlerine uygun numuneler elde edilebileceğin göstermiştir.This thesis primarily aims to develop a Mg7Ni alloy containing 7 at.% Ni via powder metallurgy techniques (mechanical alloying and FAST sintering) in order to obtain a porous microstructure with relatively high mechanical strength, suitable for hydrogen storage. Initially, powder mixtures containing 93 wt.% magnesium and 7 wt.% nickel were subjected to mechanical milling. To prevent physical and chemical contamination of powder surfaces during and after milling, the powders were coated with silica. Subsequently, the mixtures were sintered using a relatively short-duration AC-assisted electric field sintering method (FAST). The produced samples were characterized by density measurements, XRD, and SEM-EDS analyses. Furthermore, compression strength and hardness tests were conducted to examine the material properties in detail. It was assumed that during the mechanical alloying process, nickel powders might incorporate into the crystal lattice of commercially pure magnesium, forming solid solution strain fields. These strain fields are expected to hinder or restrict dislocation movements within the lattice, thereby enhancing mechanical properties such as strength, hardness, and compressive strength. In addition, the presence of nickel is anticipated to contribute to grain refinement during the milling process (Hall–Petch effect), and the increased number of grain boundaries in the fine-grained structure is expected to improve mechanical performance. These assumptions are in line with the theory of mechanical alloying and consistent with literature. Based on these assumptions, the aim was to preserve the advantages of mechanical alloying by sintering the mechanically milled/alloyed Mg-Ni powders using a rapid and relatively low-temperature process such as FAST. As a result of the experimental studies, the improvement in the mechanical properties of the sintered Mg7Ni alloy was attributed to mechanical alloying and FAST sintering. Additionally, as reported in the literature, the addition of nickel caused a slight increase in porosity due to discontinuity, compared to pure magnesium. This increase is believed to enhance the active surface area per unit volume of the material, thereby increasing the number of potential hydrogen adsorption sites and consequently improving hydrogen storage capacity. In structural analyses, the presence of silica in silica-coated samples was not detected in XRD results, whereas SEM-EDS clearly revealed the presence of silica. While MgO was clearly observed in uncoated samples, oxide or similar structures were not detected in coated samples. Only Mg, Ni, and Mg₂Ni phases were observed in the silica-coated samples. This indicates that silica coating prevents the formation of oxide and similar phases. Furthermore, the silica-coated samples exhibited relatively higher mechanical values. This improvement was attributed to the increased sinterability of clean MgNi metallic powder surfaces, as predicted in the literature. On the other hand, experimental studies revealed that silica-coated samples exhibited higher porosity or lower density. This is explained by the presence of silica between the metallic powders. The porosity was also evaluated as additional evidence of silica presence. Although it may initially seem contradictory that the coated samples exhibited both higher porosity and greater mechanical strength, this was explained by the dual effect of silica, which does not sinter. On one hand, the presence of silica between the metal powders inhibits sintering and leads to pore formation. On the other hand, in cases of low silica content or partial coating, strong and high-quality metallic bonds may develop between clean metallic surfaces during sintering. The brightness points and elemental ratios observed in SEM-EDS images suggest that silica is distributed in a fine or sparse structure within the microstructure. In regions with dense silica accumulation, silica was observed to hinder sintering and reduce sintering quality, resulting in a porous structure. In contrast, in areas where silica was sparsely distributed, improvements in sintering quality, prevention of contamination, and enhanced metal-to-metal bonding were observed. Moreover, even short sintering durations in this study demonstrated that reduced sintering time, as expected, improved sintering efficiency in accordance with sintering theory. The relatively high-strength and porous structure obtained from this study shows that such samples are suitable for hydrogen storage and similar absorption processes
An Examination of Relationships Between Postural Habits and Awareness of Fatigue and Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Nurses
No full textIntroduction: Prolonged fatigue, caused by the hospital's demanding workload and physical demands, can increase strain on the musculoskeletal system, leading to musculoskeletal issues that may negatively impact nurses' job performance and quality of life. High postural awareness, on the other hand, can help nurses develop correct posture and movement habits, reducing the risk of experiencing discomfort, thus preserving their physical health and supporting workforce sustainability. Therefore, it is of particular importance to determine the relationship of postural awareness to fatigue and musculoskeletal discomfort in nurses working in a hospital environment with heavy working conditions and many ergonomic risks. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the postural habits, awareness, occupational fatigue levels and musculoskeletal disorders of nurses working in hospitals and to examine the relationships between these factors. Method: This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 132 nurses working in a hospital in Türkiye. The data for the study were collected between July and October 2023 using the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion/Recovery Scale (OFER), Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) and Postural Habits and Awareness Scale (PHAS). Results: A significant positive, low-level correlation was found between the Recovery subscale of the OFER scale and the Postural Habits subscale of the PHAS scale (r = 0.277, p < 0.05). A significant negative, moderate-level correlation was observed between the Chronic Fatigue subscale of the OFER scale and the Postural Habits subscale of the PHAS scale (r = ?0.311, p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant negative, moderate-level correlation was found between the Acute Fatigue subscale of the OFER scale and the Postural Habits subscale of the PHAS scale (r = ?0.326, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study found that as nurses' correct postural habits improved, both acute and chronic fatigue decreased, whereas recovery increased. It is suggested that interventions aimed at enhancing postural awareness and promoting correct postural habits in nurses may also positively influence occupational fatigue and exhaustion. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
The effects of separatıon-individuation characteristics in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
No full textAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı yeme bozukluğu tanılı ergenlerdeki ayrılma-bireyleşme özellikleri ile, beden kitle indeksleri (VKİ) ve yaşam kaliteleri arasındaki ilişkiyi saptayabilmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı Hastalıkları birimine başvuran ve anoreksiya nervoza tanısı alan 21 olgu araştırma örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada Sosyodemografik Veri Formu, Adölesan Ayrılma Bireyleşme Testi [AABT], Çocuklar İçin Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (ÇİYKÖ) formları kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Olguların ayrılma bireyleşme alt ölçeklerinden reddedilme beklentisi ve ihtiyacı inkâr etme skorlarıyla; yaşıtlarıyla ilişkileri ile ilgili yaşam kalitesi işlevselliği arasında negatif yönde korelasyon saptanmıştır (r=-0.67; r=-0.61; p=0.002; p=0.007). Olguların pratik yapma-aynalama skorları ile duygulanımla ilişkili yaşam kalitesi işlevselliği arasında ise pozitif yönde bir korelasyon saptanmıştır (r=0.55; p=0.018). Sonuç: Bu çalışmada AN tanılı ergenlerdeki ayrılma bireyleşme güçlüklerinin yaşam kalitesinde düşüş ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. AN gelişiminde, psikodinamik etiyolojide yeri olduğu düşünülen ayrılma-bireyleşme ile ilgili güçlüklerin fark edilip desteklenmesi, yaşam kalitesinin artırılması ve etkin tedavi açısından göz ardı edilmemesi gereken bir konudur.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between separation-individuation characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and quality of life in adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN). Materials and Methods: The study included a sample of 21 cases who were presented at the Ege University Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit and received a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. The study utilized the Sociodemographic Data Form, the Separation-Individuation Test of Adolescence (SITA), and the Children’s Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Results: Negative correlations were found for the scores of rejection expectancy and need denial from the separation-individuation subscales with peer enmeshment and quality of life functionality (r = -0.67; p = 0.002; r = -0.61; p = 0.007). A positive correlation was found between the practicing-mirroring scores of the cases and the affect-related quality of life functionality (r = 0.55; p = 0.018). Conclusion: The study suggests that difficulties in separation-individuation among adolescents with anorexia nervosa are linked to a decline in quality of life. Recognizing and addressing separation-individuation challenges, which are believed to contribute to the development of anorexia nervosa and its psychodynamic etiology, is crucial for improving quality of life and ensuring effective treatment
Taban izolasyonlu yapılar ile ayarlı kütle sönümleyici sistemlerin yapısal davranış ve performans değerlendirmesi
No full textBu tez çalışması kapsamında, kauçuk sismik izolatörlerin deprem etkilerini ne ölçüde azalttığını incelemek amacıyla SAP2000 yazılımı kullanılarak 5 katlı ve 30 katlı binaların sismik davranışı analiz edilmiştir. İzmir ili Bayraklı ilçesi gibi yüksek katlı yapıların yoğun olduğu bir bölge temel alınarak, farklı deprem ivme verileri üzerinden gerçekleştirilen modelleme çalışmalarıyla izolatörlerin performansı değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca özellikle sismik aktivitesi yüksek bölgelerde yüksek katlı binaların deprem performansının değerlendirilmesinde önemli bir parametre olan Ayarlı Kütle Sönümleyicisi (AKS) üzerine deneysel bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla öncelikle literatürde mevcut tüm yapı kontrol sistemleri kısaca sunulmuştur. Özellikle yüksek binalarda konfor ve güvenlik açısından daha verimli bir alternatif olan ve bu tez çalışmasının esas konusunu oluşturan AKS üzerine detaylı bir literatür araştırması yapılmıştır. Kapsamlı bir literatür incelemesi göstermiştir ki, AKS hakkında yapılan çalışmalar genel olarak teorik araştırmalardır. Bu tezde ise deneysel bir çalışma yürütülerek farklı kütle oranlarının ivme-zaman grafiğine etkisi incelenmiştir. Kütle oranı arttıkça ivme değerlerinin sönümlendiği bulgulanmıştır. Son olarak, Phyton yazılımı kullanılarak farklı kütle oranları için frekans tepki oranları incelenmiştir. Artan kütle oranları ile elde edilen frekans tepki oranları göstermiştir ki AKS kullanımı ile rezonans durumundan kaçınılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgular, kauçuk izolatörlerin düşük katlı yapılarda üstün bir performans sergilediğini, aynı zamanda yüksek katlı yapılarda da etkili bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, kauçuk sismik izolatörlerin deprem etkilerini azaltmada sunduğu avantajlar hem yapı güvenliğini artırmak hem de can kaybını önlemek adına önemli bir tasarım yaklaşımı olarak değerlendirilmektedir.Within the scope of this thesis, the seismic behavior of 5-storey and 30-storey buildings was analyzed using SAP2000 software in order to investigate the extent to which rubber seismic isolators reduce earthquake effects. Based on a region with a high density of high-rise buildings such as Bayraklı district of Izmir province, the performance of isolators was evaluated by modeling studies based on different earthquake acceleration data. In addition, an experimental study on Tuned Mass Damper (TMD), which is an important parameter in evaluating the earthquake performance of high-rise buildings especially in regions with high seismic activity, has been carried out. For this purpose, all existing building control systems in the literature are briefly presented. A detailed literature review on TMD, which is a more efficient alternative in terms of comfort and safety especially in high-rise buildings and which constitutes the main subject of this thesis, has been carried out. A comprehensive literature review has shown that the studies on TMD are generally theoretical researches. In this thesis, an experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of different mass ratios on the acceleration-time graph. It is found that the acceleration values are damped as the mass ratio increases. Finally, frequency response ratios for different mass ratios were analyzed using Phyton software. The frequency response ratios obtained with increasing mass ratios show that resonance can be avoided with the use of TMD. The findings obtained in this study show that rubber isolators exhibit superior performance in low-rise buildings and can also be used effectively in high-rise buildings. In this context, the advantages of rubber seismic isolators in mitigating earthquake effects are considered as an important design approach both to increase building safety and to prevent loss of life
Elasmobranch Species Composition in Otter Trawl Fisheries (Eastern Aegean Sea)
No full textThe Eastern Aegean Sea hosts a diverse assemblage of elasmobranchs, many of which are vulnerable or endangered. This study presents a fishery-independent assessment of species composition, catch characteristics, and spatial patterns in bottom trawl fisheries between Lesvos Island and Ayvalik. A total of 48 surveys were conducted between September 2022 and October 2024, identifying nine elasmobranch species, with Scyliorhinus canicula (small-spotted catshark) and Mustelus mustelus (common smooth-hound) dominating the catch. Biological parameters, sex ratios, and condition upon capture and release were recorded, while catch per unit effort (CPUE) and diversity indices were used to evaluate temporal patterns. The survival probability was negatively affected by the trawl duration and elevated temperatures, emphasizing the need for mitigation measures. Spatial models revealed high-density zones that likely function as foraging or nursery grounds. Seasonal shifts in community composition were also evident. Many non-commercial species were discarded irrespective of their size or condition. These findings underscore the ecological importance of this understudied region and support the need for spatially explicit, species-specific management strategies, including gear selectivity improvements, seasonal closures, and Electronic Monitoring. The study offers a critical baseline for enhancing the sustainability of elasmobranch populations in the Eastern Mediterranean. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
One pot conversion of fructose to alkyl levulinates catalyzed by deep eutectic solvents in microwave reactor
No full textThe conversion of biomass into valuable chemicals has emerged as a promising alternative to replace the current manufacturing of products derived from petroleum feedstocks. Methyl and ethyl levulinate are important chemicals derived from biomass, and they have the potential to be converted into other useful molecules. This work revealed the capability of acidic deep eutectic solvents (DES) to convert fructose into alkyl levulinates. DESs have attracted significant interest owing to their exceptional characteristics and broad variety of practical applications. Fructose conversion was conducted using ChCl-pTSA and ChCl-OxAc deep eutectic solvents, which possess high Br & Oslash;nsted acidity. The results indicated that ChCl-pTSA provided complete transformation of fructose and high yields of ethyl levulinate (59.2 %) and methyl levulinate (76.3 %) under optimal conditions within 20 min. An investigation was conducted to examine the influence of temperature and reaction duration on the one pot approach to converting fructose into alkyl levulinates. The synthesis of alkyl levulinate was increased by increasing the temperature and reaction duration, up to certain critical values
Plant-based fermented foods: General concepts, improvement of the quality, metabolites, and health-related functions
No full textPlant-based fermented foods and beverages (FFB) offer a sustainable, nutrient-dense alternative to conventional animal-based products, playing a crucial role in promoting health with low environmental impact. Fermentation enhances protein quality, reduces glycemic index, impacts the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of micro-nutrients, and eliminates anti-nutritional factors present in plant-based foods. Additionally, fermentation-derived bioactive compounds, including peptides, polyphenols, vitamins and short-chain fatty acids, contribute to various health benefits such as improved gut microbiota, immune modulation, and provide anti-inflammatory effects. These bioactives have been linked to the reduced risk of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and gastrointestinal conditions. Emerging evidence also highlights the role of FFBs in supporting gut-brain interactions, as microbial metabolites may influence neurotransmitter production and cognitive functions. This review explores novel fermentation techniques, such as precision fermentation, co-culture systems, and controlled microbial consortia, which enhance the functional, sensory, and nutritional properties of plant-based FFBs. The development of plant-based FFBs further expands their potential in supporting digestive health and overall well-being. Additionally, the role of plant-based FFBs in promoting sustainable food systems is highlighted, as they use fewer resources, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and contribute to global food security. By integrating traditional fermentation knowledge with biotechnological innovations, plant-based FFBs are evolving into functional foods that support human health and environmental sustainability. Moreover, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements and future directions in the field, offering insights for researchers, food technologists, and industry stakeholders aiming to optimize the nutritional and functional potential of fermentation of plant-based materials
Global Research on Cyberchondria: Scientometric and Visual Analysis From 2003 to 2022
No full textThis study aims to summarise the research themes, hotspots, and boundaries in the field of cyberchondria using scientometrics and visual analysis methods. Until 31 December 2022, 181 publications (165 articles, 16 reviews) were identified under the topic of 'cyberchondria' in the Web of Science Core Collection database. VOSviewer was used for analysis. It was observed that publications related to cyberchondria have rapidly developed into a research area in the last 4 years, constituting 79.0% (n = 143) of the total publications. The most common co-occurring keywords are 'cyberchondria', 'health anxiety', and 'COVID-19'. Clusters representing three different themes were obtained by conducting co-occurring keyword analysis. The first and largest cluster comprises 'COVID-19', 'anxiety', and 'internet addiction', the second cluster includes 'cyberchondria' and 'health anxiety', and the third cluster centres around 'health information' and 'health education' keywords. This study has mapped out the information landscape of cyberchondria research over the past 20 years using scientometric and visual analysis methods. The significant increase in recent years indicates a diversification and continued growth in studies conducted in this field. By presenting the general state of the field, this study provides valuable insights for future research endeavours
Effects of Supplementation with Encapsulated Different Postbiotics, Alone or with Inulin, on Growth Performance, Carcass and Organ Characteristics, Blood Parameters, Growth Hormone, and Insulin-like Growth Factor mRNA in Broilers
No full textThe poultry industry is one of the most dynamic sectors of agriculture, and the broiler industry has contributed to providing the growing global demand for animal protein. The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) as growth performance and feed conversion ratio enhancers has long been an accepted practice. However, due to concerns regarding antibiotic resistance and consumer health, AGPs have been banned in many countries, compelling the search for effective alternatives. Postbiotics, metabolite compounds derived from probiotics, have gained attention as promising feed additives due to their potential benefits in improving gut health, immunity, and growth performance. This study investigated the effects of encapsulated postbiotics (0.30%) derived from different probiotics, alone or in combination with inulin (1.0%), on male broilers. The results demonstrated that encapsulated postbiotics (0.30%) derived from different probiotics, either alone or in combination with inulin (1.0%), significantly improved growth performance, carcass characteristics, and immune responses in male broilers.; This study aimed to evaluate the effects of encapsulated postbiotics derived from various probiotic microorganisms, alone or in combination with inulin, on the growth performance, carcass traits, organ weights, blood parameters, and mRNA expression of selected hormones in broilers. A total of 588 one-day-old male Ross-308 chicks were randomly designated to six replicates of seven dietary treatments (initial body weight: 40.85 ± 0.56 g, per replicate, n = 14 chicks). The treatments consisted of a basal diet (C), supplemented with encapsulated postbiotics (0.30%) derived from Lactobacillus plantarum (ELP), Bacillus subtilis (EBS), or Enterococcus faecium (EEF), as well as combinations of these encapsulated postbiotics with 1.0% inulin (ELPI, EBSI, and EEFI) for six weeks. The results demonstrated that the body weight and body weight gain of birds that were fed diets supplemented with encapsulated postbiotics or their combinations with inulin significantly increased in comparison to the C group (p 0.05). However, FCR improved during days 1–21, and FI increased during days 22–42 and 1–42 (p 0.05), the relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius increased (p 0.05). The mRNA expression of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor was upregulated in the supplemented groups (p < 0.001). In conclusion, encapsulated postbiotics (0.30%) derived from different probiotics, alone or combined with inulin (1.0%), positively influenced growth performance, carcass traits, and immunity in male broilers. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved