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Evaluation of dental treatments under nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation sedation in pediatric patients with dental anxiety: a 10-Year retrospective study
No full textBackgroundThis study assessed the use of nitrous oxide-oxygen (N2O-O2) inhalation sedation in pediatric dental treatments, focusing on patient demographics, general health status, and the types of procedures performed.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed clinical records of 96 pediatric patients (aged 4-12 years) treated at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, Ege University, School of Dentistry, under N2O-O2 inhalation sedation between 2010 and 2020. The study statistically examined archival data to analyze patient demographics, health status, adverse effects. success rates, and dental procedures performed.ResultsIn 96 pediatric patients (33 girls, 63 boys) with dental anxiety, 128 sedation applications were performed to conduct 162 dental treatments. The participants were categorized as ASA I and ASA II based on their overall health condition, and their ages spanned from 4 to 12 years. The patients treated under N2O-O2 inhalation sedation underwent 52 restorative fillings, 1 vital pulp treatment, 4 endodontic treatments, 103 tooth extractions, 1 impression for space maintainer, and 1 gingival surgery. None of the 128 sedation procedures resulted in reported adverse effects.ConclusionDental treatments under N2O-O2 inhalation sedation in pediatric dentistry are a safe method used for patients with dental anxiety. These procedures can facilitate the provision of appropriate treatments for uncooperative patients, ultimately leading to improved quality of life
Comparative Analysis of Weighting-Factor-Free Predictive Control Strategies for Direct Torque Control in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines
No full textDirect torque control (DTC) based on the finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) provides a straightforward and intuitive solution for controlling permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). However, conventional FCS-MPC relies on appropriately tuned weighting factors in the cost function, which have a significant impact on the control performance and increase design complexity. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental comparison of emerging FCS-MPC strategies for DTC of PMSMs that eliminate the need for weighting factors. Specifically, a sequential FCS-MPC approach is benchmarked against decision-making-based FCS-MPC methods that employ Euclidean distance normalisation. Extensive experimental results, obtained across a wide range of operating conditions, are used to assess current total harmonic distortion (THD), torque and flux ripple, and transient performance. Results indicate that while all methods yield comparable current THD, decision-making-based strategies achieve superior torque and flux regulation with reduced ripple compared to the sequential approach. These findings demonstrate that decision-making-based FCS-MPC methods provide additional flexibility in defining control objectives, eliminating the need to design weighting factors, such as those used in the sequential method while offering superior performance. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Duygusal zekanın rolü: Sporcu ve sporcu olmayanları yeme tutumu ve sosyal fizik kaygı ile ele almak
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı, sporcu ve sporcu olmayan bireylerin duygusal zeka, yeme tutumu ve sosyal fizik kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırma örneklemini İstanbul ve İzmir ilinde, 18-35 yaş aralığındaki 146 erkek ve 154 kadın olmak üzere 300 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplamak amacıyla sırasıyla, demografik bilgi formu, Sporda Duygusal Zeka Envanteri, Yeme Tutumu Testi-26, Sosyal Fizik Kaygı Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Veri analizi, lisanslı SPSS 27 programı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Demografik bulgular için frekans analizleri, ölçek düzeylerinde ise ortalama, standart sapma, minimum ve maksimum değerler hesaplanmıştır. Değişkenlerin normal dağılımdan gelip gelmediği çarpıklık ve basıklık değerleriyle kontrol edilmiştir. Varyans homojenliği için Levene testi, güvenilirlik için Cronbach alfa katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Gruplar arasındaki farklılıklar, bağımsız gruplar t-testi ve Anova testi ile analiz edilmiş, ayrıca Pearson korelasyon ve çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Değişkenlerin sporcu olup olmama durumuna göre karşılaştırılmasının yapıldığı bağımsız örneklemler t-testi sonuçlarına göre sporcuların duygusal zekanın başkalarının duygularını değerlendirme, kendi duygularını değerlendirme, duyguları düzenleme ve duyguların kullanımı alt boyutlarında, ayrıca toplam puanda sporcu olmayan bireylere göre anlamlı şekilde daha yüksek puan aldığını göstermektedir. Yeme tutumu testinde ise sporcular, yeme meşguliyeti ve kısıtlama alt boyutlarında, ayrıca yeme tutum testi toplam puanında daha yüksek puanlar almıştır. Sosyal fizik kaygı envanterinde ise sporcular, fiziksel görünüm rahatlığı alt boyutunda ve sosyal fizik kaygı envanteri toplam puanında sporcu olmayan bireylere göre anlamlı şekilde daha düşük puan almıştır. Değişkenlerin cinsiyete göre karşılaştırıldığı t-testi sonuçlarına göre ise duygusal zeka ölçeğinin başkalarının duygularını değerlendirme ve sosyal beceriler alt boyutlarında kadın sporcular, erkek sporculara kıyasla daha yüksek puan almıştır. Ayrıca, duyguların kullanımı alt boyutunda, sporcu olmayan grupta kadınlar, erkeklere göre daha yüksek puan almıştır. Yeme tutumu testinde ise cinsiyete göre gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Sosyal fizik kaygı puanlarında da gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki korelasyona bakıldığında, duygusal zeka, yeme tutumu ve sosyal fizik kaygı alt boyutları arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada tüm gruplarda duyguları düzenleme, duyguların kullanımı, olumsuz değerlendirilme beklentisi ve fiziksel görünüm rahatlığı değişkenleri arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu saptanmıştır. Yapılan regresyon analizi sonucunda tüm gruplarda değişkenler arasında duygusal zeka düzeyinin yordayıcı etkisi bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir.The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, eating attitudes, and social physical anxiety levels in athletes and non-athletes. The research sample consists of 300 participants, including 146 men and 154 women aged 18-35, from Istanbul and Izmir provinces. To collect data, the following instruments were used in sequence: demographic information form, Emotional Intelligence Inventory in Sports, Eating Attitude Test-26, and Social Physical Anxiety Inventory. Data analysis was performed using licensed SPSS 27 software. Frequency analyses were conducted for demographic findings, while means, standard deviations, minimum, and maximum values were calculated at the scale level. The normality of the variables was checked using skewness and kurtosis values. The Levene test was used for variance homogeneity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for reliability. Differences between groups were analyzed using the independent groups t-test and ANOVA test, and Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were also applied. The significance level was set at p<0.05. According to the results of the independent samples t-test, which compared the variables according to whether the participants were athletes or not, athletes scored significantly higher than non-athletes in the subdimensions of emotional intelligence, namely evaluating the emotions of others, evaluating their own emotions, regulating emotions, and using emotions, as well as in the total score. In the eating attitude test, athletes scored higher in the eating preoccupation and restriction subdimensions, as well as in the total score of the eating attitude test. In the social physical anxiety inventory, athletes scored significantly lower than non-athletes in the physical appearance comfort subdimension and in the total score of the social physical anxiety inventory. According to the t-test results comparing the variables by gender, female athletes scored higher than male athletes on the emotional intelligence scale in the sub-dimensions of evaluating others' emotions and social skills. In addition, in the sub-dimension of emotion use, women in the non-athlete group scored higher than men. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of gender in the eating attitude test. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of social physical anxiety scores. When looking at the correlation between the variables, statistically significant relationships were found between emotional intelligence, eating attitude, and social physical anxiety subdimensions. The study found significant relationships between the variables of emotion regulation, emotion use, expectation of negative evaluation, and physical appearance comfort in all groups. The regression analysis revealed that emotional intelligence level did not have a predictive effect on the variables in any of the groups
Managing penicillin resistant pneumococcal meningitis: an international id-iri study
No full textPenicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis (PRPM) is a challenging and fatal infection. We conducted a multicentre international retrospective study to evaluate the clinical features, outcomes, predictors of outcomes antimicrobial efficacy and drug susceptibility in patients with PRPM. The study, conducted through the Infectious Diseases-International Research Initiative across 33 centers in 11 countries, analyzed PRPM patients treated between 2019 and 2024 using univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 138 patients were included. Of these, 83 (60.1%) were fully cured, 27 (19.6%) died, and 28 (20.3%) survived with sequelae. Mortality was associated with ICU admission (OR 14.886; p = 0.021), mechanical ventilation (OR 7.205; p = 0.049), and vasopressor use (OR 8.983; p = 0.025). Higher CSF leukocyte count (OR 0.854; p = 0.060) and blood leukocyte count (OR 0.283; p = 0.021) were linked to lower mortality risk. Patients who developed sequelae were more likely to require mechanical ventilation (OR 9.354; p = 0.001), experience recurrent meningitis (OR 5.562; p = 0.081), and have lower platelet counts (OR 0.001; p = 0.050), compared to those who fully recovered. Sequelae patients had higher GCS scores (OR 1.365; p = 0.014), more corticosteroid use (OR 5.301; p = 0.061), and less vasopressor use (OR 0.205; p = 0.019) compared to those who died. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolates in our PRSP cohort were: Ceftriaxone (75/134, 55.9%), meropenem (26/44, 59%), moxifloxacin (47/48, 97.9%). PRPM is a fatal disease in which mortality and sequelae occurring in two-fifths of cases. Severe illness markers such as ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor use, along with recurrent meningitis are linked to worse outcomes. Thrombocytopenia, low leukocyte counts, and lower GCS scores are indicators of poor prognosis, while corticosteroid therapy appears protective in PRPM. Therapeutic optimization is challenged by rising resistance and pharmacokinetic limitations, though moxifloxacin shows the highest susceptibility; further research is warranted
Sürdürülebilir üniversite modeli açısından Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi’nin yeşil yönetim sistemi kapsamında performans değerlendirilmesi
No full textObjective: As a sustainable campus model, by using UI GreenMetric criteria, it was aimed to take protective measures against the changing world and to create a sustainable campus model. Material and Method: UI GreenMetric Ranking Guide, UI GreenMetric Measurement System Criteria and Indicators were utilized. In addition, plans, layouts, etc. of the study area constitute the main source of the planning phase. Research Findings: In the planning and design of a sustainable campus, issues such as carbon footprint and climate change mitigation, storm water management, wastewater recycling, solid waste recycling, qualities and quantities of campus open-green areas were found to be important, and a proposed campus landscape planning was made. Conclusion: It is important to report and evaluate the work done for a sustainable and green university. It needs to be reprogrammed and planned according to change and development.Amaç: Sürdürülebilir kampüs modelinde, UI GreenMetric kriterleri kullanılarak, değişen dünyaya karşı koruyucu önlemler alması, sürdürülebilir kampüs modelinin oluşturulması hedeflenmiştir. Materyal ve Yöntem: UI GreenMetric Dünya Üniversiteler Sıralaması Kılavuzu, UI GreenMetric Ölçüm Sistemi Kriterleri ve Göstergeleri’nden faydalanılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma alanına ait planlar, paftalar vb. kaynaklar planlama aşamasının temel kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma Bulguları: Sürdürülebilir kampüs planlama ve tasarımlarda, karbon ayak izi ve iklim değişikliğinin azaltılması, yağmur suyu yönetimi, atık suların geri kazanılması, katı atıkların geri dönüştürülmesi, kampüs açık-yeşil alanların nitelikleri ve miktarları gibi konuların önemli olduğu görülmüş ve öneri kampüs peyzaj planlaması yapılmıştır. Sonuç: Sürdürülebilir ve yeşil üniversite için yapılan işlerin raporlanması ve değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Değişim ve gelişime göre yeniden programlanması ve planlanması gerekmektedir
Association between Patellar Instability and Increased Supratrochanteric Torsional Malalignment
No full textBackground: Recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) is a common condition, particularly in adolescents, with several anatomic factors, such as increased femoral torsion, contributing to its development. Accurate assessment of these factors is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment planning.Purpose: To examine the correlation between femoral torsion and RPD and to measure the level of torsion using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods: A total of 212 individuals were initially screened. Of these, 22 patients (31 femurs) who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis as the study group. The control group consisted of 28 patients (28 femurs) without a history of RPD. MRI measurements were conducted across 3 distinct axial sections. Supratrochanteric torsion (STT) value, infratrochanteric torsion (ITT) value, and femoral anteversion were analyzed utilizing T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sections. The distribution of the variables was determined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The independent-samples t test and chi-square test were used to analyze quantitative independent data. The Fisher exact test was used when the conditions appropriate for the chi-square test were not met.Results: The mean femoral anteversion was higher in the patellar dislocation group, with a statistically significant difference (20.1 +/- 3.8 vs 11.5 +/- 1.8; P = .0001). The mean STT was significantly greater in the patellar dislocation group (41.3 +/- 7.6 vs 35.2 +/- 3.1; P = .0002). The mean ITT values were comparable between the groups (22.7 +/- 2.8 vs 23.7 +/- 2.3; P = .14).Conclusion: Our results indicate that increased femoral anteversion in RPD originates from the supratrochanteric region of the femur. Future large-scale studies, specifically focusing on the relationship between femoral anatomic variables and patellar instability, could yield significant insights into this matter
Avrupa Hunları Dönemi Sanatına Sembolizm ve Şamanizm Açısından Bir Bakış
No full textThe archaeological sites of the Huns (European Huns) include some of the most notable areas, such as the lands between the Ural Mountains and the Ob River. Additionally, significant finds have been discovered in the Saratov region, the central part of the North Caucasus, near the Caspian Sea, and in Dagestan. Traces of the European Huns are also observed in regions like Lower Dniester, the Crimean Peninsula and its surrounding steppes, the Kherson region, Eastern and Western Moldova, the Buzau Valley, and Dobruja. Excavations in these areas have revealed artifacts, including cauldrons used in shamanistic and funeral ceremonies, stylized bird-headed diadems found in Kerch, cicada-shaped fibulae symbolizing rebirth, sun ray-like serrated temple pendants, belt buckles adorned with animal figures, rings symbolizing cosmic diagrams and celestial elements, bracelets decorated with fantastic animal motifs, mirrors, as well as ceramic and metal vessels such as as bowls, and jugs. It should be noted that many elements reflected in the artworks of the European Huns possess characteristics related to symbolism and, consequently, especially to Shamanism. These artifacts, bearing traces of shamanistic beliefs and rituals, also reflect elements linked to Central Asian and Turkic-Islamic arts. Among the most commonly encountered symbols in the artworks of the European Huns period are gold; animals such as eagles, deer and other hoofed animals, cicadas, and dragons; as well as the world tree and the tree of life. Among the points that drew our attention is the presence of deer antler branches or deer depictions either in the form or the motifs of the temple pendants worn by women. This is significant in terms of interpreting woman as being symbolically connected to one of the sacred animals considered as animal ancestors—either the animal father or the animal mother. Additionally, certain elements such as bells and motifs on strap plaques found in some horse harness equipment contain details associated with Shamanism. In other words, the importance and symbolic value attributed to the horse in Turkish culture becomes evident once again here. For instance, the bells attached to the horse reins from Altinkazgan bear a strong resemblance to those found on shamanic costumes. In other words, the artworks of the European Huns, which we have addressed, share similarities in terms of symbolism and Shamanism not only with early period Central Asian art but also with those found in Eastern Europe and Turkish-Islamic art. Within this context, these works represent an important link in the chain that preserves the connection between Turkish symbolism, iconography and Shamanism. This study will evaluate the archaeological finds from the European Hun Period in terms of symbolism and Shamanism, while drawing parallels with examples from Central Asian and Turkic-Islamic arts. The cultural heritage of the European Huns will be examined more deeply through artistic and religious elements.Avrupa Hunlarının buluntu yerlerinin başında, Ural Dag?ları ile Obi Irmag?ı arasındaki topraklar gelir. Tanınmış Avrupa Hunları Dönemibuluntularından bir grup Saratov dolaylarındadır. Avrupa Hunlarına ait kalıntılar bakımından, Kuzey Kafkasya’nın orta kesimi, Hazar Denizi yakınında Dağıstan, Aşağı Dinyeper’den Kırım yarımadasına kadar uzanan Kerson, Kırım yarımadası ve bozkır çevresiyle Kerç, Dinyester kıyıları, Doğu ve Batı Moldava, Buzau Vadisi ve Dobruca önemli buluntu alanları olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Söz konusu yerlerde ele geçen eserler arasında şaman ve cenaze törenlerinde kullanılan kazanlar, Kerç’teki gibi stilize kuş başlı diademler, yeniden doğuşa işaret eden ağustos böceği şeklindeki fibulalar, güneş ışınlarını anımsatan dişli şakak pandantifleri, bir takım hayvan formlarındaki kemerler (genelde kemer tokaları), evren şeması ve göğe ait unsurları anımsatan yüzükler, özellikle gerçeküstü hayvan formlarındaki bilezikler gibi takılar, aynalar; keramik ya da madeni kaplar gibi daha pek çok buluntu ve eser konumuz açısından dikkate değerdir. Bu objelerin çoğunun hem kendisinin hem üzerlerindeki süslemelerin, sembolik anlamlarının bulunduğu ve yine bazılarının Şamanizmle ilişkili oldukları görülmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda yukarıda bahsedilen yerlerde ele geçen Avrupa Hunları Dönemi’ne ait arkeolojik buluntular, sembolizm ve Şamanizmle ilişkili unsurlar açısından Orta Asya Türk sanatından örnekler de göz önüne alınarak değerlendirilecektir
Lithium Recovery from Reverse Osmosis Concentrate of Geothermal Water by Spinel Type ?-MnO2 -Batch Tests
No full textPowder and granulated forms of lithium selective spinel type manganese oxide adsorbents (lambda-MnO2) were evaluated for adsorption of lithium from the reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate of geothermal water. The interaction between lithium ions and lambda-MnO2 adsorbents, in terms of adsorption capacity and uptake rate, was investigated by equilibrium and kinetic studies. In terms of adsorption equilibria, Langmuir isotherm adsorption model accurately represented the adsorption of lithium ions by powder and granulated lambda-MnO2 adsorbents from the RO concentrate of the geothermal water. The best description of lithium uptake onto powdered and granulated adsorbents was provided by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Additionally, research was carried out with an objective of removing the inhibitory impacts of boron and arsenic on separation of lithium. The lambda-MnO2 adsorbent showed no affinity for boron uptake from the solution. However, it exhibited some increasing uptake to arsenic with an increase in amount of the lambda-MnO2 adsorbent. But it is possible to eliminate arsenic by means of arsenic selective ion exchange resins Lewatit FO36 and ArsenXnp prior to separation of lithium from the RO concentrate of geothermal water.ALIYE USTER FOUNDATIONThe work was supported by the ALIYE USTER FOUNDATION
Eligibility of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies: cohort of cystic fibrosis registry of Türkiye
No full textBackground. Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) variants are essential for determining eligibility for CFTR modulator drugs (CFTRms). In contrast to Europe and the USA, the treatment eligibility profile of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in Türkiye is not known. In this study we aimed to determine the eligibility of CF patients in Türkiye for the CFTRms. Methods. The Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Türkiye (CFrT) data was used to determine the age of patients in the year 2021 and the genetic variants they were carrying. Age-and CFTR-variant appropriate modulator therapies were determined using the Vertex® algorithm. Results. Among a total of 1930 registered patients, CTFR gene analysis was performed on a total of 1841 (95.4%) patients. Mutations were detected in one allele in 10.7% (198 patients), and in both alleles in 79% (1455 patients) of patients. A total of 855 patients (51.7% for whom at least 1 mutation was detected) were eligible for the drugs. The most appropriate drug among genotyped patients was found to be elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor for 486 patients (26.4%), followed by ivacaftor for 327 patients (17.7%) and lumacaftor/ivacaftor for 42 patients (2%). Conclusions. Only half of patients registered in CFrT were eligible for CFTRms, which is a significant difference from the CFTR variant profile seen in USA and Europe. However, access to treatment is hampered for some patients whose genes are not analysed. Further studies in CF populations, where rare mutations are relatively more common, will contribute to the field of CFTR modulator treatments for such rare mutations. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Gelişimsel olarak mülkiyet aktarımı ve bilişsel-duygusal becerilerin ilişkisi
No full textMülkiyet kavramı, bir nesnenin kime ait olduğunu belirlemeye yönelik ve erken çocukluk döneminde gelişmeye başlayan önemli bir sosyal-bilişsel beceridir. Bu kavramın temel yönlerinden biri, bir nesnenin ilk sahibinden başka bir kişiye aktarılabilmesidir. Mülkiyet aktarımları çalma, verme, kaybetme ve bırakma şeklinde dört farklı şekilde gerçekleşen bilişsel bir beceridir. Aktarıma konu olan nesneler çoğu zaman duygusal bir anlam da taşır. Özellikle hediyeleşme ya da kaybetme gibi durumlar, çocukların günlük yaşamında güçlü duygusal izler bırakabilir. Erken çocuklukta bu tür mülkiyet değişimlerinin nasıl anlaşıldığı, çocukların bilişsel, ahlaki ve duygusal gelişimleriyle yakından ilişkilidir. Aştırmalar, üç yaşındaki çocukların çalma gibi durumlarda doğru mülkiyet aktarım atfı yapabildiğini; ancak verme gibi daha karmaşık durumlarda yaşa bağlı gelişimsel farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Vazgeçme ve kaybetme gibi aktarım türlerinin belirsizliği çocuğun mülkiyet aktarım atıflarını performanslarını önemli ölçüde etkileyebilmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı erken çocukluk döneminde, aktarım senaryolarına eklenen üzüntü ve mutluluk gibi duygusal ipuçlarının mülkiyet aktarımı atıfları üzerindeki etkisi gelişimsel olarak incelemektir. Ek olarak çocukların mülkiyet aktarımları atıflarındaki gelişimsel farklar incelenmek istenmiştir. Bu amaçla araştırmada mülkiyet aktarım görevleri duygusal ipucu içeren ve nötr olacak şekilde ayrı senaryolarda sunulmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemi İstanbul'da ikamet eden 3, 4 ve 5 yaşındaki (Ort.ay =55, SS=11.25) arasında 135 çocuktan oluşmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında katılımcılara Mülkiyet Aktarım Ölçümü, Duygu Kavrama Testi, Türkçe Alıcı Kelime Testi uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizi için betimsel istatikler, K;-Kare test;, McNemar test;, kovaryans analiz; (ANCOVA), Spearman's rho korelasyon analizi ve Lojistik Regresyon analizi yürütülmüştür. Çocukların duygu kavrama becerisi arasındaki yaş farkı dil ve cinsiyet kontrol edilerek incelendiğinde 3 ile 5 yaş ve 3 ile 4 yaş arasında anlamlı fark olduğu görülmüştür. Bulgular çalma aktarımlarında anlamlı yaş farkı olmadığını göstermiştir. Duygusal ipucu içeren verme aktarımında anlamlı yaş farkı yokken nötr verme aktarımında 3 ile 5 yaş grubunda anlamlı yaş farkı vardır. Nötr kaybetme aktarımında anlamlı yaş farkı yokken duygu içeren kaybetme aktarımında 3 ile 4 yaş ve 3 ile 5 yaş grupları arasında anlamlı fark vardır. Nötr bırakma aktarımlarında anlamlı 3 ile 5 yaş arasında marjinal düzeyde yaş farkı varken duygu içeren bırakma aktarımında 3 yaş grubunun 4 ve 5 yaş gruplarından anlamlı düzeyde farklı olduğu bulunmuştur. Çocukların nötr ve duygu içeren aktarım türlerindeki başarı karşılaştırmaları ise çalma aktarımında 3 yaşta nötr ve duygu içeren aktarım performansları arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı, 4 ve 5 yaşta ise anlamlı fark olduğunu göstermiştir. Verme aktarımında 3 yaş grubunda da anlamlı farklılık gözlenmemiş; kaybetme ve bırakma aktarımlarında tüm yaş gruplarında da anlamlı farklılık görülmüştür. Bu duygusal ipuçlarının özellikle kaybetme ve bırakma aktarımlarında etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Dil becerisindeki yaş farklılıklarını incelenmek üzere duygu kavrama becerisi ve cinsiyetin etkisi kontrol edildiğinde tüm yaş grupları arasında anlamlı fark olduğu görülmüştür. Aktarım türleri üzerinde duygu kavrama, dil becerisi, yaş ve cinsiyetin etkisi incelendiğinde duygu içeren çalma, kaybetme ve bırakma aktarımlarında anlamlı düzeyde yaşın etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Nötr aktarım türlerinde ise verme ve bırakma aktarımlarında yaşın anlamlı etkisi varken; kaybetme aktarımında dil becerisinin anlamlı etkisi olduğu görülmüştür.The ownership is a critical social-cognitive skill that develops in early childhood and determines whom an object belongs. One of the fundamental aspect is that ownership can be transferred from an initial owner to another individual. Ownership transfers represent a cognitive process that can occur in four distinct forms: stealing, giving, losing, and abandoning. The objects often carry emotional significance in such transfers. The situations such as gift-giving or losing an object can leave strong emotional impressions in a child's daily life. How children in early childhood understand these types of ownership changes is closely linked to their cognitive, moral, and emotional development. The previous research has shown that while three-yearold children can correctly attribute ownership in cases like stealing, more complex scenarios such as giving reveal developmental differences based on age. The ambiguity of transfer types such as abandoning and losing can affect children's performance in ownership transfer attributions. The aim of this thesis is to examine the effect of emotional cues on ownership transfer attributions in early childhood from a developmental perspective. Thus, the ownership transfer tasks in the study were presented in separate scenarios containing either emotional cues or neutral cues. The sample consisted of 135 children aged 3, 4, and 5 (M = 55 months, SD = 11.25) residing in Istanbul. participants were administered the Ownership Transfer Task, the Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC), and the Turkish Receptive Vocabulary Test. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, McNemar tests, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), Spearman's rho correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis. When age differences in children9s emotion comprehension skills were examined while controlling for language ability and gender, significant differences were found between the 3- and 5-year-olds and between the 3- and 4-year-olds. The findings revealed no significant age differences in stealing transfers. There was no significant age difference emerged in the emotional cue giving transfer but, a significant difference was observed between the 3- and 5-year-olds in the neutral giving transfer. In the neutral losing transfer, no significant age differences were found, whereas in the emotional losing transfer, significant differences were found between the 3- and 4-year-olds and between the 3- and 5-year-olds. In neutral abandoning transfers, a marginally significant age difference was found between the 3- and 5-year olds, whereas in emotional abandoning transfers, significant differences were observed between the 3- and 4-year-olds and between the 3- and 5-year-olds. Comparisons of children9s performance across neutral and emotional cue transfer types showed that, in stealing transfers, there was no significant difference between neutral and emotional cue conditions at age 3, but significant differences emerged at ages 4 and 5. In giving transfers, no significant differences were observed across the three age groups; however, in both losing and abandoning transfers, significant differences were found in all age groups, indicating that emotional cues were particularly influential in these types of transfers. When age differences in language ability were examined while controlling for emotion comprehension and gender, significant differences were found across all age groups. Analyses of the effects of emotion comprehension, language ability, age, and gender on the different transfer types showed that age had a significant effect on emotional stealing, losing, and abandoning transfers. For neutral transfer types, age had a significant effect on giving and abandoning transfers, whereas language ability had a significant effect on losing transfers. The findings are discussed in light of the existing literature