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In Vitro Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Posterior Adhesive Restorations Fabricated Using Three Different Techniques
No full textThis study evaluates the optical properties and mechanical durability of adhesive restorations fabricated using different techniques for the treatment of single-tooth loss in the posterior region after an aging process. Sixty extracted human teeth (thirty molars and thirty premolars) were restored using three different fabrication methods: 3D-printed resin restorations, fiber mesh-reinforced direct composite restorations, and indirect composite restorations. Color stability was assessed using a spectrophotometer, and fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. Finite element stress analysis (FEA) was conducted to validate mechanical test results under simulated intraoral conditions. The fiber-reinforced composite group exhibited the highest fracture resistance (1057.91 MPa), while 3D-printed restorations showed the lowest (p < 0.05). Regarding color stability, the fiber-reinforced group demonstrated the highest ?E00 values (?E00 = 1.71), differing significantly from the other groups, while the 3D-printed and indirect composite restorations showed no significant difference. Mechanical test results were consistent with FEA findings. These results indicate that fiber reinforcement enhances mechanical durability in high-load-bearing areas, while 3D-printed restorations may not yet be suitable for posterior regions. However, their potential use in anterior restorations, where occlusal forces are lower, warrants further investigation to improve material properties. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Human-Centered Industry 5.0: Enhancing Supply Chain Resilience and Sustainable Practices
No full textAmerican Council on Science and Education26th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications, ICAI 2024, held as part of the World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Applied Computing, CSCE 2024-- -- Las Vegas; NV -- 331409This study examines the relationship between Industry 5.0 (I5.0) and supply chain resilience (SCR) to enhance organizational sustainability. Emerging from Industry 4.0 (I4.0), I5.0 addresses concerns about dehumanization and environmental impact by promoting human-machine collaboration. The research analyzes data from 125 entrepreneurs using mediation and moderation models, revealing challenges like technological complexity and fair worker transitions. The findings confirm that I5.0 positively impacts SCR and sustainability, highlighting the need for effective implementation strategies. The study emphasizes the importance of aligning technological progress with human-centric principles to ensure sustainable organizational practices. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Özel yetenekli öğrencilerin yetenek alanlarına göre yaratıcılık ve kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi
No full textYaratıcılık, Antik Yunan'dan günümüze mistik ilhamdan bilişsel süreçlere uzanan farklı kuramsal yaklaşımlarla açıklanmaya çalışılmış, tanımı üzerinde uzlaşı sağlanamamış bir kavramdır. Wallas'ın Dört Aşamalı Süreç Modeli, Mednick'in Çağrışımsal Düşünme Kuramı, Rothenberg'in zıt fikirleri sentezleyen Janusyan Düşünme Kuramı, Guilford'un zekânın alt boyutu olarak çoğul (akıcılık, özgünlük, esneklik, zenginleştirme) ve tekil düşünme ayrımı, Sternberg'in Yön Verme ve Yatırım Kuramları, Csikszentmihalyi'nin Sistemler Kuramı ile Rhodes'un 4P Çerçevesi (kişi, süreç, ürün, çevre) yaratıcılığa farklı açıklamalar getirmektedir. Plucker vd. (2004) ise yenilikçi ve işlevsel ürün üretme yeteneğine vurgu yapmaktadır. Yaratıcılığın ne olduğu kadar kimlerde bulunduğu da araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Rhodes'un 4P Çerçevesinin kişi boyutuna atıf yapan bu soru, bilim insanlarını kişilik özeliklerini araştırmaya yönlendirmiştir. Yaratıcılık ve kişilik özellikleri arasındaki bağlantıya yönelik çalışmalarda Beş Faktörlü Kişilik Kuramı (deneyime açıklık, dışadönüklük, duygusal dengesizlik, sorumluluk, uyumluluk) tercih edilen bir çerçeve olmuştur. Bu bağlamdaki araştırmalar devam etmekle birlikte, Beş Faktörlü Kişilik Kuramının deneyime açıklık boyutu dışındaki kişilik faktörleri hakkında araştırma bulguları henüz tutarlı ve net bir bütünlük göstermemektedir. Yaratıcılık ve kişilik özellikleri arasındaki bağlantı, özellikle farklı meslek gruplarındaki katılımcılarla, yurt dışındaki araştırmalara daha sık konu olmuştur. Ülkemizde, özellikle özel yetenekli bireyler alanında, yeterince incelenmemiştir. Tüm bunlardan hareketle mevcut araştırmada, BİLSEM'lerde farklı yetenek alanlarında (genel yetenek, müzik, resim) öğrenim gören ortaokul öğrencilerinin yaratıcılık ve yaratıcılık alt boyutları ile kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Veri toplama sürecinde Torrance Yaratıcı Düşünme Testi Şekilsel Formu / TTCT-f (Torrance, 1966/2007) kullanılarak öğrencilerin yaratıcılık ve onun alt boyutlarına yönelik düzeyleri belirlenmiş, kişilik özellikleri ise Hızlı Büyük Beşli Kişilik Testi / HBBKT (Morsünbül, 2014) ile ölçülmüştür (n=234). Kategorik değişkenlerden (cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi ve yetenek alanı) bazılarına yönelik yeterli miktarda veri sağlanamamış olması sebebiyle verilerden değişkenlerine göre üç farklı veri seti oluşturularak analizler yapılmıştır. Yaratıcılık düzeyi (yaratıcılık indeksi), kişilik özellikleri ve kategorik değişkenlerin varyans analizleri x ANCOVA ile, yaratıcılık alt boyutları (akıcılık, özgünlük, detaylandırma, başlıkların soyutluğu, erken kapamaya direnç), kişilik özellikleri ve kategorik değişkenlerin varyans analizi MANCOVA ile yapılmıştır. ANCOVA bulguları, BİLSEM öğrencilerinin yaratıcılık düzeylerinin demografik etmenlerden çok kişilik faktörleri tarafından açıklandığına işaret etmektedir. Alan yazına paralel olarak her üç veri seti için de yaratıcılık düzeyi ve deneyime açıklık kişilik boyutu bağlantı göstermiştir. Benzer olarak MANCOVA sonuçlarında da yaratıcılık alt boyutları, deneyime açıklık kişilik boyutu bağlantı göstermiştir. MANCOVA sonuçlarında dikkat çeken nokta, yaratıcılığın alt boyutları ile yetenek alanları arasında fark bulunmuş olmasıdır. Buna göre özgünlük alt boyutu genel yetenek lehine anlamlı iken, detaylandırma alt boyutunda resim öğrencilerinin puanlarının diğer alanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda erişilen bulgular, yaratıcı potansiyelin gelişiminde kişilik faktörleri ve alan temelli farklılaşmaların önemini vurgulamakta; aynı zamanda eğitim ve rehberlik süreçlerinde daha bütüncül, kişiselleştirilmiş yaklaşımlara duyulan gereksinimi gözler önüne sermektedir.Creativity is a concept that has been explored through various theoretical approaches, ranging from mystical inspiration since Ancient Greece to cognitive processes, but still there is no consensus on its definition. Models such as Wallas's Four-Stage Process Model, Mednick's Associative Thinking Theory, Rothenberg's Janusian Thinking Theory which synthesizes opposing ideas, Guilford's distinction between divergent (fluency, originality, flexibility, elaboration) and convergent thinking as a subdimension of intelligence, Sternberg's Investment and Direction Theories, Csikszentmihalyi's Systems Theory, and Rhodes's 4P Framework (person, process, product, environment) all provide different explanations for creativity. Plucker et al. (2004) emphasize the ability to produce innovative and functional products. What creativity is, as well as who has it, has been the subject of research. This question, which refers to the person dimension of Rhodes' 4P Framework, has led scientists to investigate personality traits. In studies examining the relation between creativity and personality traits, the Five Factor Personality Theory (openness to experience, extraversion, emotional instability, conscientiousness, agreeableness) has been the preferred framework. Although research in this context is ongoing, the research findings on personality factors other than the openness to experience dimension of the Five-Factor Personality Model do not yet show a consistent and clear coherence. The relationship between creativity and personality traits has been a frequent subject of research globally, particularly with participants from different professional groups. However, it has not been sufficiently studied in national studies, especially in the field of gifted individuals. In light of these considerations, the present study investigates the relationship between creativity, its subdimensions, and personality traits among middle school students enrolled in BİLSEM (Science and Art Centers) across various talent areas (general talent, music, art). During the data collection process, the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking Figural Form (TTCT-f) (Torrance, 1966/2007) was utilized to assess the levels of creativity and its subdimensions among students, while personality traits were measured using the Rapid Big Five Personality Test (HBBKT) (Morsünbül, 2014) with a sample size of n=234. Due to insufficient data on some categorical variables (gender, grade level, and talent area), three different data sets were created according to the variables for analysis. Variance analyses of creativity level (creativity index), personality traits, and categorical variables were conducted using ANCOVA, while the variance analysis of creativity subdimensions (fluency, originality, elaboration, abstractness of titles, resistance to premature closure), personality traits, and categorical variables was examined using MANCOVA. The findings from ANCOVA indicate that the creativity levels of BİLSEM students are more significantly explained by personality factors than by demographic variables. Consistent with the literature, a relation was observed between creativity levels and the personality dimension of openness to experience across all three data sets. Similarly, MANCOVA results show a connection between creativity subdimensions and the personality dimension of openness to experience. Notably, MANCOVA results indicated differences between creativity subdimensions and talent areas. Specifically, the originality subdimension favored general talent, while the elaboration subdimension showed that art students scored higher than those in other areas. The findings of this research show the importance of personality factors and domain-based differentiations in the development of creative potential; they also highlight the need for more holistic and personalized approaches in educational and guidance processes
Patient Burden in Dystonia Diagnosis and Botulinum Toxin Treatment: A Nationwide Survey in Turkey
No full textBackground: Understanding real-world experiences is crucial in determining the potential gaps in patient-centered healthcare in dystonia. We explored the challenges of people with dystonia (PwD) at the stages of diagnosis and botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatment. Methods: A multicenter survey was conducted face-to-face across seven university hospitals in Turkey. PwD receiving BoNT treatment for at least 6 months were invited. Data on demographics, diagnostic journeys, and treatment experiences were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression models. Results: A total of 789 PwD participated, reporting significant burdens during both diagnostic and treatment stages. Diagnosis was delayed by approximately 1 year, with 15% receiving incorrect initial diagnoses. Additionally, 30.7% of PwD traveled to another city, and 42.6% applied to private clinics for diagnosis, leading to a substantial logistic and financial burden. The treatment stage revealed that a quarter of PwD had to travel significant distances every 3 months, or applied to a private clinic to receive BoNT injections, creating considerable cost and effort. In addition, PwD with oromandibular dystonia were three times and task-specific dystonia were around nine times less likely to be satisfied with BoNT treatment compared to facial dystonia. Alternative treatment was reported in 11%, with no substantial benefit. Conclusions: The findings highlight critical unmet needs in the diagnostic and treatment processes for PwD. These include improvement in diagnostic accuracy, reduced travel and financial burdens, and enhanced treatment satisfaction. An action plan emphasizing resource utilization policies and educational activities for healthcare providers is essential to address these challenges
Kozmetik sektöründe marka aktivizmi: Aktivist kozmetik markaların incelenmesi
Full text linkBu araştırmanın amacı, kozmetik sektöründe marka aktivizminin tüketiciler tarafından nasıl algılandığını incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda, kozmetik markalarının toplumsal ve çevresel konulara yönelik aktivist tutumlarının tüketici davranışlarına etkisi araştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında karma araştırma yöntemi benimsenmiştir. Nicel bölümde 2025 yılı Şubat-Mart ayları arasında çevrimiçi olarak 404 kozmetik tüketicisinin katıldığı bir anket uygulanmış; nitel bölümde ise 2025 yılı Mart-Nisan ayları arasında 20 gönüllü katılımcı ile derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anket verileri istatistiksel analiz teknikleriyle değerlendirilirken, görüşmelerden elde edilen nitel veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, marka aktivizminin kozmetik alanında tüketiciler nezdinde önemli bir unsur haline geldiğini göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre genç ve kadın tüketiciler markaların aktivist duruşlarını daha olumlu karşılarken, daha geleneksel olduğu düşünülen tüketiciler bu konuda temkinli davranabilmektedir. Marka aktivizminin konusu da tüketici tepkilerini şekillendirmektedir; çevre koruma gibi geniş kabul gören konulardaki aktivist girişimler tüketicilerden destek görürken, siyasi veya tartışmalı meselelerdeki aktivizm girişimleri bazı tüketiciler tarafından riskli bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, samimi ve kurumsal kimlikle tutarlı bir aktivizm yaklaşımının marka güvenilirliğini ve sadakatini güçlendirebildiği, buna karşılık sırf görünürlük amacıyla gerçekleştirilen yüzeysel aktivizmin tüketicilerde güven kaybına yol açabildiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kozmetik sektöründe marka aktivizmi markalar ve tüketiciler arasındaki ilişkileri etkileyen yükselen bir trend olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Doğru ve samimi bir şekilde uygulandığında hem toplumsal fayda hem de marka değeri yaratabilen marka aktivizmi, tutarsız veya samimiyetsiz uygulandığında ise marka itibarına zarar verebilmektedir. Bu tez, literatürdeki kozmetik sektörü özelinde marka aktivizmi olgusunu aydınlatmakta ve gelecekteki çalışmalar ile sektör uygulamalarına yönelik önemli öneriler sunmaktadır.This study aims to examine how brand activism perceived by consumers in the cosmetics sector. In this context, it tries to investigate the impact of brands' activist stances on social and environmental issues on consumer behavior. A mixed-method research design was adopted. In the quantitative phase, an online survey was conducted during February-March 2025 with the participation of 404 cosmetics consumers. In the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews were carried out with 20 volunteer participants. The survey data were analyzed using statistical techniques, while the qualitative interview data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings indicate that brand activism has become a significant factor for consumers in the cosmetics field. According to the results, younger and female consumers view brands' activist positions more favorably, whereas more traditional consumer segments remain cautious about this issue. The subject matter of the activism also shapes consumer responses: activist initiatives on broadly supported causes such as environmental protection tend to receive consumer approval, while activism on political or controversial issues is considered risky by some consumers. Furthermore, a sincere approach to activism that is consistent with a brand's corporate identity can strengthen brand credibility and customer loyalty, whereas purely symbolic or opportunistic activism may lead to a loss of consumer trust. In conclusion, brand activism in the cosmetics sector can be regarded as a rising trend that influences the relationship between brands and consumers. When implemented correctly, it can generate both societal benefits and brand value; however, if executed inconsistently or insincerely, it can damage brand reputation. This thesis shed a light on brand activism in the context of the cosmetics industry and offers important insights and recommendations for future research and industry practice
Heritability, heterosis, and hybrid/inbred classification ability of maize leaf hyperspectral signals under changing soil nitrogen
No full textThis study investigates the use of leaf hyperspectral data to understand genetic and environmental influences on maize (Zea mays L.) leaf reflectance and its implications for genetic analysis. The Backcrossed Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (BGEM) panel was grown under two nitrogen regimes, low nitrogen (LN) and high nitrogen (HN), at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln's Havelock Farm in 2022. Hyperspectral reflectance data were collected using Analytical Spectral Device (ASD) FieldSpec 4 spectroradiometers. Statistical analyses revealed significant genetic and environmental contributions to leaf reflectance, with nitrogen treatments driving substantial variation, particularly in the visible (VIS) spectrum. Wavelengths around 550 and 710 nm showed high sensitivity to nitrogen levels, with reflectance increasing under LN conditions. Leaf reflectance traits demonstrated moderate to high heritability, especially in the VIS and shortwave infrared (SWIR) regions. Six heterotic hotspots were identified along the spectrum, showing relatively high mid-parent heterosis (MPH). Machine learning models were tested for inbred/hybrid classification based on hyperspectral data, with logistic regression (LOGREG) achieving the highest generalization accuracy (0.60) on independent datasets. Models trained on HN data performed better overall. This research opens avenues for leveraging hyperspectral data in breeding programs and genetic studies. Further work, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), is needed to determine the genetic basis of specific wavelengths and their role in heterosis.National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2020-68013-32371]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye [1059B192000388]National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Grant/Award Number: award 2020-68013-32371; The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye, 2219 post-doctoral scholarship, Grant/Award Number: 1059B19200038
Newborn Screening Program for Cystic Fibrosis in Türkiye: Experiences from False-Negative Tests and Requirement for Optimization
No full textBackground: Since January 2015, the Cystic Fibrosis National Newborn Bloodspot Screening (CF-NBS) program has been implemented in Türkiye with two samples of immune reactive trypsinogen (IRT-1/IRT-2) testing. Aims: To evaluate the Turkish national CF screening program, which included patients referred to a tertiary pediatric pulmonology center, to ascertain the optimal cut-off values for IRT-1/IRT-2 and to identify alternative strategies for mitigating the number of late-diagnosed false-negative patients (FNPs) who initially exhibited screen negative results but were diagnosed subsequently based on clinical suspicion. The study also compared NBS-positive patients to FNPs to determine the influence of delayed diagnosis. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: Screening for CF was conducted in accordance with the national CF-NBS program within 48-72 hours of birth by collecting a few drops of heel blood on Guthrie paper. A cut-off value of 90 µg/l was accepted for the first IRT, while 70 µg/l was accepted for the second sample. Infants with elevated IRT values in both samples were referred to the CF centers for a sweat test (ST). Based on the diagnosis, the NBS-positive infants referred to our CF center for ST analysis were divided into three groups: CF; cystic fibrosis-related metabolic syndrome/cystic fibrosis screen positive, inconclusive diagnosis (CRMS/CFSPID); and false-positive NBS. In addition, the study included NBS-negative patients who initially received negative screen results but were subsequently diagnosed with CF based on clinical suspicion. Results: Of the 227 NBS-positive infants referred within the study period, 53 (23.34%) were diagnosed with CF (true-positive NBS), 11 were classified as CRMS/CFSPID (4.84%), and 163 were classified as false-positive NBS (71.8%). CF was diagnosed in 66 infants, 53 (80.3%) of whom were confirmed using the NBS test, while the 13 (19.7%) patients who were missed on the NBS test were diagnosed based on clinical suspicion (FNP). The study findings indicate that the IRT/IRT approach exhibited a sensitivity of 80.3% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 23.3%. Conclusion: The current study is the first to analyze the NBS program for CF using data from the Western Anatolian Region of Türkiye. Due to the low sensitivity and PPV of the IRT/IRT protocol and the high proportion of false-positive infants and FNPs, the current national program is not practicable for Türkiye. False-negative results significantly delay the diagnosis and invalidate the screening objectives. It is essential to establish optimal cut-off values for IRT-1/IRT-2 or revise existing strategies to reduce the number of FNPs missed by the screening program. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
EGEFACE: A new face memory test with static and dynamic images
No full textFace memory is a crucial cognitive ability necessary for maintaining a healthy social life. Recent studies reveal large individual differences in face recognition ability. Face memory tests are used to evaluate this ability. The main purpose of this study was to develop a new face memory test (EGEFACE) addressing the limitations of existing tests using both static and dynamic stimuli to increase ecological validity; employing face recognition algorithms to adjust test difficulty; measuring face memory accuracy independently of response bias by including both target-absent and target-present trials and using ROC analysis; and developing a test to measure both ends of the face recognition ability spectrum. After building a new database of static and dynamic faces, we created three difficulty levels using a face recognition algorithm. We collected data from 703 participants in two steps and examined the internal consistency, split-half reliability, and item-total score correlations. The reliability analysis confirmed that both target-absent and target-present trials of EGEFACE were reliable. High EGEFACE performers scored near super recognizer levels on CFMT+, while low performers showed limited overlap with prosopagnosic-level performance on CFMT+, suggesting EGEFACE's sensitivity across different levels of face recognition ability. Overall, results indicated a moderate positive correlation between EGEFACE and CFMT+, showing that both tests assess similar cognitive skills, while a low to moderate correlation with KFMT suggests that EGEFACE measures cognitive ability that is related to yet distinct from face perception. The results suggest that EGEFACE shows promise as an ecologically valid and effective alternative tool for assessing individual differences in face memory.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBIdot;TAK); Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBIdot;TAK) 1001-the Scientific and Technological Research Projects Funding Program [219K084]Open access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUB & Idot;TAK). This research was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUB & Idot;TAK) 1001-the Scientific and Technological Research Projects Funding Program (#219K084)
Sisplatin dirençli Calu1 ve H2030 küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri hücre serilerinde Thapsigarginin ER stresine ve sisplatin direncine etkisi
Full text linkAmaç: Sisplatin, solid tümörlerin tedavisinde kullanılan en etkili antikanser ilaçlarından birisi olup DNA'ya bağlanarak antikanser aktivite göstermektedir. Ancak kanser hücreleri sisplatine doğal dirençli olabileceği gibi kemoterapi sırasında da kazanılmış direnç geliştirebilirler. Thapsigargin, sarko/endoplazmik retikulum Ca2+ ATPaz pompası (SERCA) inhibitörüdür. SERCA pompasını bloke ederek, hücre çoğalmasından bağımsız olarak endoplazmik retikulum (ER) stresini ve strese bağlı apoptozu tetikler. Kemoterapötik ajanları ile kullanıldığında gösterdiği sinerjik etkiden dolayı onkoloji alanında büyük ilgi görmüştür. Bu çalışmada, thapsigarginin sisplatin dirençli küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri (KHDAK) hücre serilerinde sisplatin direncini engelleme potansiyelinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmamızda KHDAK modeli olarak Calu1 ve H2030 hücre serileri ve bu hücrelerin sisplatin dirençli soyları (SD-Calu1 ve SD-H2030) kullanıldı. Sisplatin ve thapsigarginin sitotoksik etkilerini belirlemek için MTT ve koloni oluşturma deneyleri, ER stresinde görevli genlerin mRNA düzeylerini belirlemek için qRT-PCR, apoptozu belirlemek için Annexin V/PI boyaması, migrasyon için yara iyileşme deneyleri gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: SD-Calu1 hücreleri atasal Calu1 hücrelerine göre sisplatine 7.5 kat; SD-H2030 hücreleri atasal H2030 hücrelerine göre 3.13 kat direnç geliştirdi. Sisplatin dirençli Calu1 hücrelerinin thapsigargine de daha dirençli olduğu belirlendi. Thapsigargin uygulanan SD-Calu1 ve SD-H2030 hücrelerinde sisplatin direnci anlamlı olarak azaldı. Thapsigargin uygulanan Calu1 hücre serisinde GRP78 ekspresyonu 14.31 kat, XBP1 ekspresyonu 2.98 kat artış gösterdi. SD-Calu1 hücre serisinde GRP78 ekspresyonu 5.5 kat, PERK ekspresyonu 9.6 kat, XBP1 ekspresyonu 3.4 kat ve ATF4 ekspresyonu 6.6 kat artış gösterdi. H2030 hücre serisinde thapsigargin uygulandıktan sonra GRP78 ekspresyonu 4.4 kat arttı. SD-H2030 hücrelerinde ise GRP78 ifadesinin daha erken artmaya başladı ve daha uzun süre yüksek kaldı. H2030 hücrelerinde XBP1 ekspresyonu 3.3 kat, ATF4 ekspresyonu 4.2 kat anlamlı artış gösterdi. SD-H2030 hücrelerinde ise XBP1 ekspresyonu 8 kat, ATF4 ekspresyonu 4.2 kat arttı. Thapsigargin Calu1, SD-Calu1 ve H2030 hücrelerinde apoptozun artmasını sağladı. Koloni oluşturma verimliliğinin Calu1 için %60.27; SD-Calu1 için %89,64; H2030 için % 51,46 ve SD-H2030 için %55.96 oranında azaldığı belirlendi. Calu1, H2030 ve SD-H2030 hücrelerinde yara iyileşme alanları 48 saat sonunda kapanırken, thapsigargin uygulanan hücrelerde sırasıyla %33.3, %14.77 ve %20.94 oranında kapandı. SD-Calu1 hücrelerinde yara iyileşme alanları 72 saat sonunda kapanırken thapsigargin uygulanan hücrelerde bu oran %20.82 olarak belirlendi. Sonuç: Elde ettiğimiz bulgular thapsigarginin KHDAK'deki sisplatin direncini tersine çevirmede etkili bir ajan olma potansiyeli olduğunu göstermektedir.Objective: Cisplatin is one of the most effective anticancer drugs used in the treatment of solid tumors and shows anticancer activity by binding to DNA. However, cancer cells may be naturally resistant to cisplatin or may develop acquired resistance during chemotherapy. Thapsigargin is a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump (SERCA) inhibitor. By blocking the SERCA pump, it triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and stress-induced apoptosis independent of cell proliferation. It has attracted great interest in the field of oncology due to its synergistic effect when used with chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of thapsigargin to overcome cisplatin resistance in cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Methods: Calu1 and H2030 parental cell lines and their cisplatin-resistant strains (SD-Calu1 and SD-H2030) were used as NSCLC models in our study. MTT and colony formation assays were performed to determine the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin and thapsigargin, qRT-PCR to determine the mRNA levels of genes involved in ER stress, Annexin V/PI staining to determine apoptosis, and wound healing assays for cell migration. Results: SD-Calu1 cells developed 7.5-fold resistance to cisplatin compared to parental Calu1 cells; SD-H2030 cells developed 3.13-fold resistance compared to parental H2030 cells. Cisplatin-resistant Calu1 cells were also more resistant to thapsigargin. Cisplatin resistance was significantly decreased in SD-Calu1 and SD-H2030 cells treated with thapsigargin. GRP78 expression increased 14.31-fold and XBP1 expression increased 2.98-fold in thapsigargin-treated Calu1 cell line. In SD-Calu1 cell line, GRP78 expression increased 5.5-fold, PERK expression increased 9.6-fold, XBP1 expression increased 3.4-fold and ATF4 expression increased 6.6 fold. In H2030 cell line GRP78 expression increased 4.4-fold after thapsigargin treatment. GRP78 expression started to increase earlier and remained high for a longer time in SD-H2030 cells. In H2030 cells, XBP1 expression increased 3.3-fold and ATF4 expression increased 4.2-fold significantly. In SD-H2030 cells, XBP1 expression increased 8-fold and ATF4 expression increased 4.2-fold. Thapsigargin increased apoptosis in Calu1, SD-Calu1 and H2030 cells. Colony formation efficiency decreased by 60.27% for Calu1, 89.64% for SD-Calu1, 51.46% for H2030 and 55.96% for SD-H2030. While the wound healing areas were closed at the end of 48 hours in Calu1, H2030 and SD-H2030 cells, they were closed by 33.3%, 14.77% and 20.94% in thapsigargin treated cells, respectively. In SD-Calu1 cells, wound healing areas were closed at the end of 72 hours, while this rate was 20.82% in thapsigargin treated cells. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that thapsigargin has the potential to be an effective agent in reversing cisplatin resistance in NSCLC
A Newly Emerging Genre: X Fiction in English Literature
No full textTwitter fiction, a recently recognized form of literature in the English language, is a blend of social media and traditional storytelling. It is brief but powerful as it uses Twitter’s 280-character limit to create impactful stories that appeal to its audience. The narrative framework followed by Twitter fiction writers defies convention; hence, authors need to be accurate and resourceful in their choice of words so that their plots remain meaningful within such restrictions. These tiny tales often utilize symbols, ironies, or texts from other works to represent multifaceted ideas in current information-overloaded societies. The easy accessibility for many people significantly influences the popularity of Twitter fiction enabled through social media platforms, allowing different voices to participate in shaping modern literature history. Moreover, this type also fosters live interaction between storytellers and their readers, creating a sense of engagement and involvement through immediate responses during communal discussions on various narratives shared online at different times. This article will discuss the features of Twitter fiction by examining examples of texts by David Mitchell and Jay Bushman, emphasizing this emerging genre's interactive nature, which keeps the audience engaged. By looking at exemplary works coupled with reader-author dynamics, the paper hopes to illustrate how much more can be done within these limits and broaden what constitutes literary work across media forms, mainly through Twitter