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Progress and future directions in determining drugs using spectroelectrochemical methods
No full textThe use of drugs is essential for the continuity of human health and the prevention of diseases for living creatures. A key factor in effective drug use is taking it at the correct dosage and timing. Otherwise, some adverse or side effects of these drugs may occur. For this reason, it is crucial to determine the drugs used. In some cases, drug analysis is also essential to understand the use of harmful active substances, such as in the class of prohibited ones. The simple definition of a drug (medication) is a chemical substance that produces a biological effect when adapted to an organism. There are many techniques to determine the drug amount, including spectrometric, chromatographic, electrochemical, colorimetric, or immunological. These analytical techniques have been successfully used to quantify drugs. To improve the effectiveness of the detection protocols, combined systems such as spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) provide significant advantages. This well-known technique unites the principles of spectroscopy and electrochemistry by creating a synergy to provide information on redox properties, mechanisms, and molecular structures. This review highlights the transformative potential of SEC in determining drug molecules, offering a detailed exploration of its principles, methodologies, and unique advantages. The main emphasis, however, is on the use of SEC in pharmaceutical analysis, where its accuracy and adaptability have driven significant progress. Recent studies are presented in detail, demonstrating SEC's effectiveness in detecting, quantifying, and characterizing drug molecules with high sensitivity and specificity. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Goals of care discussions and treatment limitation decisions in European acute geriatric units: a one-day cross-sectional study
No full textBackground It is important to pursue goal-concordant care and to prevent non-beneficial interventions in older people. Aim To describe serious illness communication and decision-making practices in hospitalised older people in Europe. Setting/participants Data on advance directives, goals of care (GOC) discussions and treatment limitation decisions were collected about patients aged 75-years and older admitted to 23 European acute geriatric units (AGUs). Results In this cohort of 590 older persons [59.5% aged 85 and above, 59.3% female, median premorbid Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) 6], a formal advance directive was recorded in 3.3% and a pre-hospital treatment limitation in 14.0% with significant differences between European regions (respectively P < 0.001 and P = 0.018). Most prevalent GOC was preservation of function (46.8%). GOC were discussed with patients in 64.0%, with families in 73.0%, within the interprofessional hospital team in 67.0% and with primary care in 13.4%. The GOC and the extent to which it was discussed differed between European regions (both P < 0.001). The prevalence of treatment limitation decisions was 53.7% with a large difference within and between countries (P < 0.001). The odds of having a treatment limitation decision were higher for patients with pre-hospital treatment limitation decisions (OR 39.1), residing in Western versus Southern Europe (OR 4.8), belonging to an older age category (OR 3.2), living with a higher number of severe comorbidities (OR 2.2) and higher premorbid CFS (OR 1.3). Conclusions There is large variability across European AGUs concerning GOC discussions and treatment limitation decisions. Sharing of information between primary and hospital care about patient preferences is noticeably deficient
Advocacy skills assessment guide: a validity study
No full textBackground: Nurses should act as individual/patient advocates, since it is part of their basic responsibilities. However, previous studies reported that although nurses know that they need to defend patients, they do not know what patient advocacy is and how to fulfil this role. They have difficulty in advocating for patients and cannot carry it out effectively. This study was conducted to evaluate the advocacy skills of nursing students, develop a guide for the advocacy skills of nurses working in the field, and to verify the content validity. Method: This guideline development and validation study was conducted in four stages: [1] setting goals for social justice advocacy [2], selecting social justice advocacy skills [3], developing a social justice advocacy skill guide and [4] conducting the pilot study. The development and validation study involved 33 participants, student nurses, licensed nurses, professors, associate professors, assistant professors, and research assistants. For the content validity of the guide, the content validity index, i.e. the percentage of experts who answered 3 or 4 points answered by the experts, was calculated. Kendall W test was used to determine the degree of agreement between the scores of multiple experts. Results: All content validity index (CVI) scores were in the “good” to “excellent” range. The CVI scores given by all specialists ranged from 0.73 to 1. As a result of the Kendall W test, it was found that there was agreement among the experts (p < 0.001). Public health nurses were asked to evaluate the guide on a scale of 1 to 10 points. The mean score of nurses for the guide as a guideline for their advocacy skills was determined as 9.0 ± 0.816, and 70% of the nurses gave a score of ? 9. Conclusion: The developed ‘Advocacy Skills Evaluation Guide’ was found to be a valid measurement tool. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Prediction of thermal conversion characteristics for co-combustion of waste tire-lignite coal using machine learning algorithms
No full textCo-combustion of coal with various waste resources is an effective energy recovery strategy that integrates waste-derived fuels while reducing dependence on fossil fuels. In this study, machine learning algorithms were used to predict thermogravimetric data for the co-combustion process of waste tire (WT) and lignite coal (LC) blends to improve the understanding of the thermal conversion characteristics. The study analyzed the combustion behaviour of WT, LC, and their mixtures at four different heating rates (10, 20, 30, and 40 degrees C/min) and various mixing ratios (100:0, 20:80, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 80:20, and 0:100) using thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DTG/DSC) techniques. To improve the prediction accuracy, eight machine learning algorithms-adaptive boosting regression, decision tree regression, k-nearest neighbour regression, linear regression, multi-layer perceptron, random forest regression, support vector machine regression, and XGBoost-were applied to model the co-combustion process. The results showed a strong correlation between experimental data and machine learning predictions, confirming the effectiveness of these models. By enabling accurate real-time prediction of thermal conversion characteristics, this study reduces the reliance on labour-intensive thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and facilitates cost-effective, adaptive, and scalable optimization of combustion processes for industrial applications
Çiftçilerin tarım danışmanlığı sistemine bakışları: İzmir İli örneği
No full textObjective: In this research, it is aimed to examine the functioning of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Consultancy Services the satisfaction of farmers and to develop suggestions for improving the system. Material and Method: The main material of the research consists of data obtained from surveys conducted by face-to-face interviews with 149 farmers who received consultancy services in Izmir in 2022-2023. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting farmers' willingness to benefit from consultancy services. Results: According to survey findings, farmers mostly receive information about disease pest control and supports. Result of consultancy services, average of 20.3% increase in income was achieved. 67.8% of farmers are willing to benefit from consultancy even if there is no government support. Factors affecting farmers' desire to continue consultancy services without government support are that farmers can implement the consultants' suggestions and see the consultant as an expert in the field. Conclusion: It is understood that the consultancy system generally benefits farmers. Better promotion of the counseling system in rural areas will increase interest in consultancy services. It is thought that this research is important in terms of giving ideas to policy makers and contributing to the publication studies for the province of Izmir. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Cevizde (Juglans regia L.) çinko ve bakır konsantrasyonlarıyla ilişkili genlerin GWAS analizi ile belirlenmesi
No full textBu çalışmada, 154 farklı ceviz (Juglans regia L.) genotipinde genetik ve fenotipik analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çinko (Zn) besin elementi konsantrasyonlarının 1,61 ve 8,98 mg/100 g arasında, bakır (Cu) besin elementi konsantrasyonlarının ise 0,12 ve 0,38 mg/100 g arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Genom Çapında İlişki Analizi (GWAS) için Çeşitlilik Dizisi Teknolojisi (DArT) kullanılarak toplam 16.473 Tek Nükleotid Polimorfizmi (SNP) üretilmiştir. Zn elementi ile ilişkili markörlerin tespitinde, Q + K modelini içeren Karma Doğrusal Model (MLM) kullanılmış ve 2021 yılında yedi, 2022 yılında ise dört ilişkili SNP belirlenmiştir. Aynı model kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde, Cu elementi ile ilişkili olarak 2021 yılında iki, 2022 yılında ise üç SNP tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada saptanan markörlerin, farklı ceviz genotiplerindeki Zn ve Cu seviyeleri ile anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Bağlantılı SNP dizileri ile homoloji gösteren sekanslar incelenerek Zn elementi için bir potansiyel aday gen belirlenmiştir. Zn ve Cu ile ilişkili SNP'lerin, ceviz ıslah programlarında bu elementlerin seçilmesine yönelik olarak etkin bir şekilde kullanılabileceği öngörülmektedir.A total of 154 walnut genotypes were analyzed in the study. Micronutrient concentrations of zinc (Zn) ranged from 1.61 to 8.98 mg/100 g, and copper (Cu) concentrations varied between 0.12 and 0.38 mg/100 g. Precisely 16,473 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were generated using Diversity Array Technology (DArT) for Genome-Wide Association Studies. The Mixed Linear Model (MLM), utilizing the Q matrix and Kinship matrix (Q + K) model, revealed seven associated markers for Zn in 2021 and four in 2022. The MLM (Q + K) model indicated two associated markers for Cu in 2021 and three in 2022. The markers found in this study were significantly associated with the levels of Zn and Cu in different walnut genotypes. One potential candidate gene for Zn was identified based on sequences showing homology to linked SNPs. The markers associated with Zn and Cu can be effectively used in walnut plant breeding programs to assist in selecting Zn and Cu traits
Effectiveness of wearable technologies used in the monitoring of cardiovascular diseases in the community: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
No full textAim: This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive systematic review of wearable technologies used for monitoring cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in community settings. Methods and results: An extensive search of international literature was performed across several electronic databases, including MEDLINE (3588 records), Web of Science (112), PUBMED (24), Scopus (2,393), Science Direct (805), and Google Scholar (176). The review followed the PRISMA-P guidelines, which are designed to enhance the quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Studies were identified using relevant keywords, covering publications up to February 3, 2025. Initially, two authors independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts based on inclusion criteria. In cases of disagreement, all authors discussed the studies to reach a consensus. The data were analyzed and reported according to the PRISMA 2020 checklist. Out of the 7098 studies identified, 15 met the inclusion criteria and were critically evaluated. Conclusion: Wearable devices have shown significant potential in monitoring patients with CVD, a condition associated with high mortality rates. These technologies offer an efficient follow-up approach, potentially reducing healthcare costs. Moreover, the confidence these devices instill in users may enhance their adherence to CVD monitoring and management. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
The Contradiction of Innovation: Oral Biosensors for Everything but Oral Diseases
No full text[Abstract Not Acaileble]COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology-) [CA21140]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBIdot;TAK) [124Z632]; Health Institutes of Turkiye are thanked for their support (TUESEB) [39245]The authors thank the COST Action CA21140-INTERCEPTOR supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology-) and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUB & Idot;TAK) (project number: 124Z632). The Health Institutes of Tuerkiye are thanked for their support (TUESEB) (project number: 39245)
High Lithium Abundance Connection with the Chromospheric Helium in Red Giants: Spectroscopic and Asteroseismic Analyses
No full textWe present a study of correlations between high Li abundances and strong chromospheric He i ?10830 absorption-line strengths in Kepler field giant stars. Our sample includes 84 giants with detectable solar-like oscillations in their light curves, and their Li abundances come from the literature or are measured here using LAMOST medium-resolution spectra. Evolutionary phases are determined through asteroseismic analysis, with mixed-mode period spacing (?P) used to infer the time evolution of red clump (RC) giants. Near-IR observations of the He i ?10830 line were obtained with the high-resolution Habitable-zone Planet Finder spectrograph on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. We find high Li abundances and strong He i lines exclusively among RC giants, with their absence in red giant branch stars suggesting a shared origin linked to the He flash. Additionally, a steady decline in He i strength with decreasing Li abundance among RC giants indicates a correlation between these properties. Older, Li-normal RC giants are He weak, while most younger, super-Li-rich giants are He strong, suggesting temporal evolution of both phenomena. We hypothesize that the core He flash and subsequent subflashes may enhance Li abundances in RC giant photospheres and trigger heightened chromospheric activity, leading to stronger He i ?10830 lines in younger RCs. Over time, following He flash, chromospheric activity diminishes, resulting in weaker He i lines in older, Li-normal RCs. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Translations and Multiplications of a Fuzzy Set in Sheffer Stroke Hilbert Algebras
No full textThis paper provides an in-depth exploration of fuzzy translations, fuzzy extensions, and fuzzy multiplications of fuzzy subalgebras in Sheffer stroke Hilbert algebras. The study investigates the intricate relationships between fuzzy translations, fuzzy extensions, and fuzzy multiplications, offering a comprehensive analysis of their interactions and the implications of these operations within the context of Sheffer stroke Hilbert algebra theory. Furthermore, the paper explores the conditions under which these operations preserve certain algebraic properties and examines their role in the broader framework of fuzzy set theory and algebraic structures. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved