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On Length and Mean Fuzzy Ideals of Sheffer Stroke Hilbert Algebras
No full textThis paper presents a detailed exploration of Sheffer stroke Hilbert algebras, introducing the innovative concepts of length fuzzy ideals and mean fuzzy ideals within an interval-valued fuzzy framework. These new constructs extend classical ideal theory by incorporating fuzzy logic, providing precise mathematical tools to analyze and measure membership gradations. Specifically, the study establishes critical relationships between length fuzzy ideals and mean fuzzy ideals, their hierarchical subsets, and their implications for algebraic consistency and computational logic. Key findings demonstrate that length fuzzy ideals align closely with interval-valued fuzzy subsets, while mean fuzzy ideals offer a unique averaging perspective for understanding ideal structures. These contributions significantly advance the field of fuzzy algebra, offering theoretical insights and potential applications in computational logic, uncertainty modeling, and algorithmic design. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Should We Adopt Increased Dilutions for Indirect Immunofluorescence in Pediatric Anti-Centromere Antibody Testing? Insights from a Three-Year Retrospective Study
No full textBackground/Objectives: Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) pose diagnostic challenges, particularly in pediatric populations, due to their diverse presentations and overlapping symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic concordance between indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) at different dilution levels (1/80 and 1/640) and immunoblot findings for anti-centromere antibody (ACA) positivity. Additionally, the clinical significance of ACA positivity and its association with SARDs in pediatric patients was assessed. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 58 pediatric patients evaluated for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) testing at Ege University Hospital from 2019 to 2021. IIF was performed using HEp-20-10 cells and immunoblot testing was conducted to assess CENP-B reactivity. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, correspondence analysis, and regression modeling to explore the relationship between IIF titers, immunoblot findings, and SARD diagnoses. Results: Among the patients, 62.1% were diagnosed with SARD. Higher IIF titers (>= 1/640) were strongly associated with CENP-B 3+ immunoblot positivity, while lower titers (1/80 and 1/320) correlated with CENP-B 1+. Patients with IIF positivity at 1/80 were 15.89 times more likely to have SARD (p = 1/640) in improving ACA detection and SARD diagnosis in pediatric patients. Incorporating complementary diagnostic tools, such as immunoblot testing, can enhance diagnostic accuracy. These findings support adopting higher IIF cutoff levels in clinical practice for pediatric populations
Monitoring microplastics in a region with sensitive fish biodiversity: Tigris, Euphrates and Van Lake drainages in Irano-Anatolian hotspot
No full textMicroplastic (MP) pollution has emerged as a significant environmental threat, particularly in regions with sensitive biodiversity. The Irano-Anatolian Hotspot, home to diverse and endangered fish species, remains largely unexplored in terms of MP contamination. This study aims to assess MP pollution in the Tigris, Euphrates, and Lake Van drainages by investigating MP abundance, size distribution, polymer composition, and potential pollution sources. Surface water (SW) and sediment (SD) samples were collected from multiple stations, and MPs were identified using microscopic and spectroscopic analyses. MP abundance in SW ranged up to 545.4 MPs/m(3), while SD samples exhibited values up to 33.2 MPs/kg. The results indicate that MP abundance is significantly higher near densely populated areas, suggesting a strong correlation with anthropogenic activities. The dominant MP types include fibers, fragments, and films, primarily composed of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), pointing to sources, such as packaging materials, fishing gear, and laundry effluents. MP size distribution indicated that smaller particles ( 1 mm) were more prevalent in SW (80.8%), highlighting the influence of hydrodynamic factors. These findings provide critical baseline data on MP pollution in the region while highlighting the urgent need for mitigation strategies. Taking into consideration, the potential bioavailability of MPs to aquatic organisms, future research should focus on seasonal variations and trophic transfer risks. Raising public awareness and implementing adaptive management strategies are essential for protecting the region's aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity.Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Development Foundation [02025002018297]This study has been supported by the Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Development Foundation (Grant number: 02025002018297)
The effect of Daucus carota L. var atrorubens on the treatment of experimental sepsis models
No full textBackground: Sepsis secondary to infections is a critical health issue with limited preventive treatments. Various studies have shown that Daucus carota L. ssp. Atrorubens (black carrot) possesses antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and hepatoprotective effects. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of black carrot, focusing on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in an experimental sepsis model. Methods: Thirty two Wistar Albino rats were divided equally into four groups. Group I served as the control without any treatment. The caecal ligation and perforation (CLP) procedure was performed on Groups II, III and IV. Group II underwent only the CLP procedure. Group III received 3 mL intraperitoneal isotonic sodium chloride, and Group IV was administered 3 mL black carrot solution every 24 h for 7 days post-CLP. On day 7, all rats were sacrificed, and blood, kidney, and liver samples were collected for analysis. Data were evaluated using GraphPad Prism 6.0 software and analysed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey multiple comparison tests. Results: Biochemical analysis showed similar Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) values between the control and black carrot groups. Histopathological examination revealed minimal polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in the CLP + black carrot group, and normal-appearing arteria hepaticus interlobularis, vena interlobularis and ductus biliferi, similar to the control group. Despite no significant decrease in serum urea levels, histopathological findings indicated a nephroprotective effect. The CLP + black carrot group showed reduced tubular dilatation and brush border loss and appeared similar to the control group. Conclusions: Overall, black carrot showedhepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as supported by both biochemical and histological data. These findings suggest that black carrot may offer therapeutic benefits in managing sepsis- induced organ damage.Ege University Research Fund [20635]This Project was funded by the Ege University Research Fund (Project number 20635)
Development of Gluten-Free Extruded Snack Containing Lentil Flour and Evaluation of Extrusion Process Conditions on Quality Properties
No full textIncreased knowledge about celiac disease and health concerns has generated increased demand for nutritious gluten-free snacks; however, most extruded gluten-free foods remain low in protein and fiber. This study aimed to develop gluten-free extruded snacks with improved nutritional and functional properties using lentil flour (LF) and to investigate the impact of extrusion conditions on the properties of extruded snacks. Extruded snacks were produced using a corotating twin-screw extruder with different ratios of LF to corn grits (CG) (0:75, 25:50, 50:25, and 75:0), with fixed amounts of tomato powder, potato flour, and carrot pomace powder. Two feed moisture (FM) levels (16% and 18%) and three barrel temperatures (BT) (135 degrees C, 150 degrees C, and 165 degrees C) were also investigated. The pasting properties of the flour blends and functional, morphological, sensory, and physicochemical characteristics of the extrudates were assessed. The variation in pasting properties of blends was significant; higher CG content increased paste temperature from 67.0 degrees C to 76.6 degrees C, while LF addition reduced it. Increasing LF and FM negatively influenced the expansion ratio (ER) (3.55-1.55) whereas positively affected apparent density (AD) (0.43-2.63 g/cm3). BT had the opposite effect on AD, with higher BT leading to reduced density. LF and FM significantly affected the texture properties; the hardness increased from 86.72 N to 399.63 N, and the crispness decreased with increasing LF and FM. LF addition increased the a* value, whereas higher BT reduced redness. Additionally, LF exhibited the highest water solubility index (32.53%), while CG had the highest water absorption index (5.39 g/100 g). SEM analysis revealed denser and less expanded formations at higher LF levels. These findings suggest that lentil flour can improve the nutritional and functional properties of gluten-free extruded snacks when the extrusion conditions are adequately controlled. This could offer a viable option for health-conscious consumers and those with gluten intolerance.Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arascedil;timath;rma Kurumu, (TUBITAK) 2209-A Research Project Support Programme for Undergraduate Students [1919B012103157]This work was supported by the Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara & scedil;t & imath;rma Kurumu, (TUBITAK) 2209-A Research Project Support Programme for Undergraduate Students (1919B012103157)
Çoklu beyin metastazlarının stereotaktik radyoterapisi için tek izomerkezli dinamik konformal ark tedavi (DCAT) ve volumetrik ayarlı ark tedavi (VMAT) planlama tekniklerinin dozimetrik karşılaştırılması
No full textABSTRACT Aim: To compare dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning techniques for stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in multiple brain metastases. Materials and Methods: The total number of metastases in 10 patients with 2-5 metastases was 33. BrainLab Elements treatment planning system (TPS) for DCAT plans and Eclipse TPS was used for VMAT. A dose of 25-30 Gy in 3-5 fractions was administered to the planning target volumes. In addition to the mean and maximum doses for organs at risk (OAR), doses received by 0.5 and 0.2 cm3 volumes for some organs (D0.5 and D0.2), VxGy volumes of the normal brain (V5Gy V8Gy V10Gy V12Gy V18Gy and V24Gy cm3) and monitor unit (MU) were compared. Results: For plan quality, DCAT was significantly superior to VMAT in conformity index values (p= 0.005), while the difference in gradient index values was not significant (p= 0.359). In OAR, the difference was significant in favor of DCAT only for brainstem Dmed (p= 0.009) and D0.5 (p= 0.047), while similar results were obtained in the others. VMAT plans provided significant advantages over DCAT in terms of normal brain V10Gy V12Gy V18Gy and MU (p= 0.028, p= 0.028, p= 0.047 and p= 0.005, respectively). Conclusion:Clinically acceptable plans were obtained with DCAT and VMAT for patients with up to five brain metastases. The DCAT plan is significantly superior in terms of plan quality and brainstem doses, while the VMAT plan provided significant advantages in terms of better normal brain protection and a shorter irradiation time.Amaç: Çoklu beyin metastazlarında stereotaktik radyoterapi (SRT) için dinamik konformal ark tedavi (DCAT) ile volumetrik (hacimsel) ayarlı ark tedavi (VMAT) planlama tekniklerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2-5 metastazı olan 10 hastanın toplam metastaz sayısı 33 idi. DCAT planlarında BrainLab Elements, VMAT’da Eclipse tedavi planlama sistemleri kullanıldı. Planlanan hedef hacimlere 3-5 fraksiyonda 25-30 Gy doz verildi. Risk altındaki organlar için (OAR) ortalama ve maksimum dozlara ek olarak bazı organlar için de 0,5 ve 0,2 cm3 lük hacimlerin aldığı dozlar (D0,5 ve D0,2), normal beynin VxGy hacimleri (V5Gy V8Gy V10Gy V12Gy V18Gy ve V24Gy cm3) ve monitor unit (MU) karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Plan kalitesi için konformite indeks değerlerinde DCAT VMAT’ye göre (p= 0,005) üstünlük sağlarken, gradiyent indeks değerlerinde aradaki fark anlamsızdı (p= 0,359). OAR’de sadece beyin sapı Dort. (p=0,009) ve D0,5 (p=0,047) için fark DCAT lehine anlamlı iken, diğerlerinde benzer sonuçlar elde edildi. Normal beyin V10Gy V12Gy ve V18Gy açısından VMAT planları DCAT’a göre önemli avantaj sağladı (sırasıyla, p= 0,028, p= 0,028, p= 0,047). MU için planlar benzerdi (p=0,059). Sonuç: DCAT ve VMAT ile beşe kadar beyin metastazı olan hastalarda klinik olarak kabul edilebilir planlar elde edildi. DCAT planı plan kalitesi ve beyin sapı dozlarında, VMAT planı daha iyi normal beyin koruması ve daha düşük bir ışınlama süresi açısından önemli avantaj sağladı
Surface Engineering of MXene and Functional Fullerenols for Cancer Biomarker 'eIF3d'
No full textSelective and sensitive detection of eIF3d (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, subunit D), a protein biomarker, is of fundamental significance for the diagnosis of various cancers. Here, we report an electrochemical sensor based on MXene and aspartic acid-functionalized fullerenol (F-Asp) for the biosensing of eIF3d. To construct such an innovative sensing platform, MXene was first synthesized, followed by the convenient functionalization of fullerenol with aspartic acid groups (F-Asp) through hydroxylation and activation of fullerenes. Finally, a bioplatform was created for eIF3d sensing by modifying the graphite electrode (GE) surface with MXene and F-Asp, followed by surface functionalization with anti-eIF3d antibody via EDC/NHS chemistry. Detailed electrochemical and analytical material characterization methods were utilized after each surface modification step. Notably, the surface-engineered MXene:F-Asp showed superior electrochemical features. The sensor's response to eIF3d was achieved in the linear range of 10 to 250 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.14 ng/mL. The selectivity of the sensor was assessed by monitoring its response to eIF3d in the presence of a variety of interfering compounds. Analysis of eIF3d was effectively performed in synthetic serum samples. The promising electrochemical sensing properties of the designed sensor suggest great potential for various real-time health monitoring applications.T?rkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu [120C065]; TUBITAK under the 2236-Co-Funded Brain Circulation ProgramH.E.U. and Y.K. acknowledge the financial support from TUBITAK under the 2236-Co-Funded Brain Circulation Program (Project No: 120C065)
NREM Sleep Oscillations Are Associated With Anxiety and Negative Affect in Young Adults
No full textNon-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) oscillations are critical for cognitive and affective processing. While several studies link anxiety and depression symptoms to sleep quality, a critical gap remains in elucidating the role of NREM physiology in sleep-dependent processing of affect and anxiety symptoms. The goals of the present study were to investigate sleep-dependent consolidation of emotional memory and the relations of NREM oscillations with state anxiety and affect upon awakening in a non-clinical sample enriched for trait anxiety. Forty-two participants were recruited from a larger cohort of college students based on self-reported high (> 2 SD cohort mean, n = 26) versus moderate-low levels of trait anxiety (< 2 SD cohort mean, n = 16) for a 2-h polysomnography monitored mid-day nap. Memory for negative and neutral picture stimuli was tested over this nap interval. Sleep spindles and slow oscillations (SOs) predicted post-nap state anxiety and negative affect. Importantly, these were independent relationships in opposing directions such that higher SO activity was associated with reduced negative affect and state anxiety, whereas spindle activity correlated with higher negative affect and anxiety. We observed significantly reduced SO activity in the high-anxiety group but no associations of anxiety with macro-features of sleep (sleep duration, latency, efficiency or stage distributions). There were no group differences in emotional memory, nor did sleep parameters correlate with memory performance. These findings reflect that NREM oscillations are uniquely sensitive to both trait and state level variability in anxiety and highlight their potential as a novel target to attenuate anxiety and negative affect. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Ultrastructural characteristics of leishmania (L.)tropica (Wright, 1903) and cell-parasite relationships in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Light and electron microscopic study
No full textA light and electron microscopic study of skin biopsies taken from 9 patients with ulcerative leishmaniasis of both sexes aged from 14 to 26 years in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan was carried out. Based on clinical, morphological and electron microscopic parameters, all patients were diagnosed with ulcerative cutaneous anthroponotic leishmaniasis (Leishmania (L.) tropica). Stained and unstained ultrathin (50-70 nm) sections were viewed and photographed using a JEM-1400 transmission electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 80-120 kV. Analysis of data from light and electron microscopic studies at the ultrastructural level made it possible to describe the structure and identify the morphometric parameters of the amastigote form of the intracellular parasite. Besides, it was found that the distance between the plasmalemmas of the parasitophorous vacuoles and the parasite L. (L.) tropica is only 1 nm. This facilitates the passage of the necessary nutrients for the survival of this parasite. One of the important factors in the chronic course and relapse of leishmaniasis caused by L.(L.) tropica is the penetration of the amastigote stage into the cytoplasm along with macrophages, and also into fibroblasts with low phagocytic activity. Pathological changes (deformed nucleus, damage to plasmalemma, focal destruction of the cytoplasm structures, vacuolization, etc.) in the parasite L. (L.) tropica, localized in macrophages, were identified and described
Başkurt şairi Henif Kerim’in şiirleri üzerine dil incelemesi: (Giriş-Metin-Dizin)
Get PDFTürklük bilimi araştırmalarında kimlik olarak Kıpçak, bölgesel olarak Kuzey Türkçesi içerisinde İdil-Ural ile bozkır Kıpçak dilleri arasında ses, biçim, söz varlığı özellikleriyle neredeyse bir köprü niteliği taşıyan ilk kez XX. yüzyılın başında önce Çarlık ardından Sovyet deneyimi ile yazılı dilden yazı diline geçirilen Başkurt Türkçesi, Tatar Türkçesi ile yakın olmaktan da öte koşut sayılabilecek biçim bilgisine karşın ileri derece dudak uyumu, ünsüzlerin benzeşmesi, ç > s ; s > h gibi tarihsel ses değişmeleri gibi kendine özgü özellikleri, bu yazı dilini kendisiyle sürekli birlikte anılan Tatar Türkçesinden ayırmış ve onu Türk yazı dilleri arasında özel, ilgi çekici bir yere taşımıştır. Tezin ana amacı bu özel yazı dilinin daha önce çalışılmamış taşıyıcılarından olan Henif Kerim'i tanıtmak ve onun dilinden Başkurt Türkçesi üzerine çok yönlü bir dil kesiti ve söz varlığı elde edip ortaya çıkarmaktır. Çalışmanın ana ögesini Başkurt Edebiyatının taşıyıcılarından Henif Kerim'in 1980 yılında basılıp yayımlanmış tüm şiir ve sanat anlayışının bütünü niteli indeki Şiğırzar Poemalar (Şiirler Manzumeler) adlı eseri oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma Giriş, Dil İncelemesi, Metin, Dizin ve Sonuç olmak üzere beş bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde Başkurtlar, Başkurt Türkçesi, Başkurt Edebiyatı ve Tatar-Başkurt ayrımlaşması üzerine genel bir çerçeve çizilmesinin ardından Henif Kerim'in yaşamı, eserleri, sanatı ve şiirleri üstünde durulmuş son olarak çeviri yazı (transkripsiyon), Türkiye Türkçesine aktarma ve dizin bölümlerinin esasları anlatılmıştır. Dil İncelemesi başlığında metinden hareketle ortaya çıkarılan Başkurt Türkçesi dil bilgisi kesiti oluşturulmuş. Metin bölümünde Kiril harfli metin önce çeviri yazı yöntemi ile Türk harfleriyle gösterilmiş ardından Türkiye Türkçesine aktarılmıştır. Dizin bölümü ise metindeki bütün sözlerin anlamları ve çekim biçimlerini gösterir nitelikte düzenlenmiştir. Son olarak tüm tez çalışmasıyla ulaşılan bulgu ve çıktılar Sonuç bölümünde ortaya konulmuştur.In Turkological studies, Bashkir language, which is identified as Kipchak in terms of linguistic identity and considered part of Northern Turkic in regional classification, functions almost as a transitional bridge between the Idil-Ural and steppe Kipchak languages in terms of phonological, morphological, and lexical features. First turned from a writing language into a written language in the early 20th century through the experiences of Tsarist and then Soviet rule, Bashkir language, despite having a grammatical structure so close to Tatar language that it may even be considered parallel, is distinguished by its unique features such as advanced labial harmony, consonant assimilation, and historical sound changes like ç > s and s > h. These features set it apart from Tatar language, with which it is frequently associated, and grant it a distinct and noteworthy position among the Turkic literary languages. The main aim of this thesis is to introduce Henif Kerim, one of the peripheral figures marginalized representatives of this unique written language, and to provide a comprehensive linguistic, lexical analysis, sample and section of Bashkir language through his works. The core of the study is Şiğırzar Poemalar (Poems and Verses), a complete collection of Henif Kerim9s poetry and artistic vision, published in 1980 and largely overlooked in Bashkir literature. This study consists of five chapters: Introduction, Linguistic Analysis, Text, Glossary, and Conclusion. In the Introduction, a general framework is provided on the Bashkirs, Bashkir language, Bashkir literature, and the differentiation between Tatar and Bashkir. Then, Henif Kerim9s life, works, aesthetic approach and poetry are examined. Finally, the principles of transcription, translation into Turkish, and the structure of the glossary section are explained. In the Linguistic Analysis chapter, a segment of Bashkir language grammar is constructed based on the text. In the Text section, the original Cyrillic-scripted text is first transcribed into Latin letters, then translated into Turkish. The Glossary chapter is organized to present all the words in the text, along with their meanings and inflectional forms. Finally, the findings of the entire thesis are presented in the Conclusion