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Protection, interpretation and presentation of the heritage of the National liberation struggle in the area of Karlovac County
No full textOvim radom opisuje se sudbina spomeničke baštine NOB-a karlovačkog područja kroz povijesni kontekst, odnosno preduvjete koji su prethodili nastanku ove baštine. Ovaj rad kritički sagledava sadašnje stanje spomeničke baštine NOB-a, te donosi osvrt na pomodno stvaranje spomenika „svim totalitarnim režimimaˮ, što je do sada u javnosti i struci gotovo zanemareno. Spomenici od kulturne, sociološke, umjetničke i povijesne važnosti na području Karlovačke županije su u ovom radu posebno istaknuti, kao i njihove sudbine i kolektivno sjećanje stanovništva na njih. Ovaj rad bavi se materijalnom kulturnom baštinom, odnosno spomenicima NOB-a, njihovim nastankom, percepcijom, socijalnim i društvenim uvjetima u kojima su nastali, te u konačnici njihovom interpretacijom ili reinterpretacijom u kontekstu teške baštine i memorijalnog turizma.This work describes the fate of the National Liberation War (NOB) monumental heritage of the Karlovac area through the historical context, that is, the preconditions that preceded the creation of this heritage. This paper critically examines the current state of the NOB's monumental heritage, and brings an overview of the fashionable creation of monuments, described as for “all totalitarian regimesˮ, which has been largely overlooked by the public and professionals until now. Monuments of cultural, sociological, artistic and historical importance in the area of Karlovac County are particularly highlighted in this paper, as well as their fates in the collective memory of local residents. This study deals with material cultural heritage, that is, NOB monuments, their origin, perception, public and social conditions in which they were created, and ultimately their interpretation or reinterpretation in the context of difficult heritage and memorial tourism
Decadent novel and antimodernism
No full textPrikazi se dekadencije Zapada u posebnoj vrsti književnog teksta zvanog dekadentskim romanom izučavaju još, u najmanju ruku, od 1970-ih i 1980-ih, prije svega u Francuskoj i Velikoj Britaniji, no istraživačko polje još uvijek nije iznjedrilo sustavnu teoriju dekadentskog romana. Pod dekadentskim romanom se dosad podrazumijevalo žanrovski i estetički nepomirljive romane koji se bave raznim oblicima rasapa, raspada, pada ili propadanja, od urušavanja porodice i kolapsa bilo kakvog društvenopolitičkog poretka pa sve do degeneracije pojedinaca. U ovoj se disertaciji iznosi nova teorija dekadentskoga romana koja polazi od pretpostavke da dekadentski roman nije bilo kakav roman o padu ili rasapu, već je riječ o žanru modernog satiričkog romana koji monopolizira temu spektakla dekadencije sasvim specifične civilizacije: modernog Zapada. Štoviše, kroz spektakl se propasti modernog Zapada u dekadentskom romanu, čija se političnost potvrđuje kroz bespoštednu pareziju o inherentno zloj prirodi projekta moderniteta, razotkriva do koje je mjere dekadencija Zapada različita od svih ostalih padova i odumiranja civilizacija kroz povijest, jer se kao konstitutivna vrijednost moderniteta demaskira pleoneksija. Dekadentski roman proizlazi iz dekadentske estetike kao osmišljenog umjetničkog okvira ozbiljenja dekadentske političke imaginacije koja, upijajući ideologeme i imaginarije konzervativnog antimodernizma, prokazuje duhovnopovijesni stadij dekadencije kojeg doseže moderni Zapad u epohi moderne, te, ujedno, razotkriva nihilizam kao usud i bit moderniteta. Propast se Zapada u dekadentskom romanu pretvara u priželjkivanu katastrofu, u umjetnički spektakl raskrinkavanja dijaboličnosti moderniteta i moderne kao pakla, pri čemu se, dekadenciji nasuprot, zamišlja ili kulturna palingeneza ili pak još dublje uvlačenje u dekadenciju radi dovođenja moderniteta do krajnosti nihilizma, a time i do samorasplinuća. Budući da dekadentski roman razvija prikaze moderne države kao okvira za anomiju, modernog sebstva kao rezervoara antinomijskih žudnji, modernog društva kao arene nadmetanja takvih žudnji, moderne etike kao emotivizma i moderne političke teologije kao ateizma, teoriju dekadentskog romana ima pratiti i teorija konzervativnog antimodernizma.Although being a self-conscious academic discipline developing at least since the 1970s, decadence studies have still not offered a systematic theory of the decadent novel which would take into consideration inherently political nature of that particular genre of fiction. Within the research field of decadence studies, it is unequivocally accepted that novels such as Huysmans' Against Nature or Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray need to be classified and defined as decadent novels, but due to the absence of a theory of such a genre, it is unclear what truly makes these novels decadent, what constitutes the canon of the decadent novel, what is their political charge, and why some novels dealing with similar themes of decline, decay, disintegration, or downfall of individuals, kins, societies and even civilizations, simply do not belong to the very same category. The central issue with the existing research field is its categorization of various aesthetically and genre-wise irreconcilable literary texts as decadent novels. Within the field it is uncritically accepted that various literary texts dealing with diverse forms of collapse, downfall, decay or decline (ranging from decline of empires, collapse of families, dissolution of political regimes to degeneration of kins and downfall of individuals) ultimately could be categorized as decadent novels. However, the decadent novel specifically aims to dissect one particular type of cultural, historical, political, and metaphysical downfall – namely, the decadence of the West. The primary goal of this dissertation is to offer an innovative theory of the decadent novel as a specific genre, focusing on its four defining components. However, in order to develop such a theory, first of all it is essential to establish a theory of conservative antimodernism. On the basis of ideological analysis, it is imperative to clearly define the ideological morphology of conservative antimodernism and identify its essential concepts. Constructing a theory of conservative antimodernism is an inevitable first step in formulating a theory of the decadent novel since the latter cannot be fully understood and interpreted without acknowledging its inherent political charge, which is to be found in a specific critique of modernity absorbing the imagery and concepts of conservative antimodernism. Since the decadent novel systematically portrays the modern state as a framework for anomie, the modern self as an idiotic quantum of power disconnected from the commonwealth, the modern society as a battleground of conflicting powers, the modern times as an era of shameless decadence, and the totality of modernity as a project of nihilism unparalleled in the known history of the downfall of civilizations, it is imperative to first examine the particular theory and critique of modernity inaugurated and consolidated by conservative antimodernism, along with the operational concepts upon which it has been built. As it will be shown, the concept of pleonexia lies at the heart of conservative antimodernism. Without undertaking an ideological analysis of the formulation and utilization of this particular concept within the ideology of conservative antimodernism, it is simply impossible to delve into the analysis and interpretation of decadent novels. Therefore, it is necessary to delve into the counterrevolutionary apocalyptic mindset, in which decadence and nihilism herald a terrifying retribution promising a redemption from the perceived pathologies of modernity. Additionally, critical examination of the counterrevolutionary political theology and its essential concepts such as “the wild society” and “the monstrous state” seems as a prerequisite for a better understanding of the inherently political nature of the decadent novel. Such an analysis will clearly demonstrate that the entire tradition of conservative antimodernism, spanning from apocalyptic counterrevolutionaries and romantics to conservative revolutionaries, cultural pessimists, and contemporary critics of modernity, systematically employs the concept of pleonexia in its metapolitical war against modernity, portraying modernity as the reservoir and palpitating center of pleonexia. Only through this comprehensive ideological exploration, it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of the longneglected and insufficiently defined tradition of a specific, culturally pessimistic, critique of modernity, which fundamentally differs from a plethora of other (not necessarily conservative antimodernist) critiques of modernization, modern technology, the inauthenticity of modern life, modern political economy, and so forth. While the central research question of this dissertation pertains to defining the decadent novel, it is necessarily followed by a sub-question: what constitutes the political nature of the decadent novel? The political charge of the decadent novel lies precisely in the fact that it absorbs, often ironically and parodically, the imageries and ideologemes of conservative antimodernism into fiction. Its aim is not solely to expose the acute pathologies of modernity but also to reveal the inherent malevolence and essential flaws in the foundations of Western modernity. In that sense, the decadent novel is indeed the Siamese twin brother of conservative antimodernism. The decadent novel does not just aim to unmask the inherent social hell of the modern state, the excessive desires of the modern self, and the degradation of values in modern times, but it also aims to delve deeper into exploring the fundamental evils of the entirety of modernity as a project of political philosophy annuling and transvaluating the core concepts of premodern political philosophy. Thus, the decadent novel adopts the role of an inquisitor or exorcist interrogating the possessed entity (modernity) until the latter confesses its submission to the specter of pleonexia. In order to overcome the pressing issues in the research field of decadence studies, a completely new theory of the decadent novel is proposed in this dissertation, emerging from the assumption that the decadent novel is not just any novel about decay, decline, or dissolution. Instead, the decadent novel is conceived as a form of modern satirical novel that monopolizes the theme of the spectacle of the decadence of the Western civilization in its perceived stage of unprecedented moral, political, historical and metaphysical downfall. While the decline has been an inevitable part of each and every organic cycle of the rise and downfall of a civilization throughout history, the decadent novel is not merely concerned with the ordinary decay of an ordinary civilization. It is not captivated by the fall of Rome, the self-destruction of the Aztecs, or the collapse of Babylon. Rather, it is fixated on the spectacle of the downfall of the modern West as an essentially evil civilization founded on fundamentally flawed constitutive myths. In the works of Juvenal, Hesiod, and Petronius, decadence is depicted as a period of decline and organic decay of a culture destined to perish, just like all the other cultures throughout history in the realm of transience. However, the decadent novel addresses not merely an ordinary decline of a culture or a dissolution of a civilization, but it focuses on the cataclysm of epic proportions, a self-inflicted apocalypse befalling a specific overripe culture that has embraced anomie as its societal norm. What distinguishes the modern West from hubristic civilizations of the past that acknowledged their own inevitable historical demise, is its obsession with and embeddedness in pleonexia. This is exactly what the decadent novel aims to unveil: pleonexia as the constitutive matrix of Western modernity. The decadent novel aims to unmask the scandalous truth about the evil lying in the core of the modern state, modern society, modern self etc.: the truth about pleonexia as the core principle of the modern self, the matrix of the modern society, and the value of the modern state. This image of the inherent (satanistic) wickedness of modernity becomes fully appropriated by the decadent novel. Absorbing the ideologemes and imageries of conservative antimodernism into fiction, the decadent novel develops its inherent political charge to the extreme. The decadent novel absorbs the scandalous vision of the essential wickedness of modernity in the entirety of its pleonexia, but for the satirical purpose of unveiling the hidden truth about the proper nature of the reservoir of desires of Western modernity. The decadent novel is by no means a reflection of the ideology of conservative antimodernism; rather, it is a literary text that absorbs and subordinates the ideologemes and imaginaries of conservative antimodernism (as well as its political myths) to its own fictional nature in order to depict and vivisect the monstrosity of modernity. The decadent novel is a genre of the modern novel arising from the decadent aesthetics as the artistic framework for realization of the cultural-pessimist decadent political imagination, which, relying on the ideologemes and imaginaries of conservative antimodernism, exposes the moral and historical stage of decadence of modern times, as well as the inherently nihilistic nature of modernity. As a reservoir of conservative antimodernist imagination, the decadent novel offers either a vision of cultural palingenesis beyond modernity, or a process of reduction of modernity to the utmost extremity of its inherent nihilism (and thereby its self-annihilation). With its aim to expose the pathologies of modernity, the decadent novel amalgamates elements of social and political satire and novel of ideas. In the decadent novel, the protagonist becomes the reservoir of certain political ideas, while essayist elements and politicalphilosophical discourse are used throughout the text for the purpose of vivisecting pleonexia. Decadent aesthetics depends on saturation, exaggeration, intensification, and the unrestrained accumulation of sensations, delving not only into the experience of life in the modern epoch but also into the very core of modernity’s darkness: into pleonexia. In the decadent novel, pleonexia is given a voice, a hubristic and crazed voice which madly bifurcates, feverishly collapsing into all of its excesses. Giving a voice to pleonexia means giving a voice to nihilism as the inevitable fate and quintessence of modernity. The decadent novel does not hesitate to open the maelstrom of pleonexia in the text, reveling in the most shameless triumph of pleonexia and thereby underscoring the extent to which modernity fell into exorbitance, insatiability and antinomianism. The collapse of the Western civilization thus becomes a desired spectacle, an apocalyptic purification. Ultimately, by experiencing the abyss of modernity’s inferno, the decadent subject transmutates into the apotheosis of order. Only when immersed in the social hell of pleonexia (anomie) does the decadent subject manage to attain the ideal of premodern order of meaning in whose intolerable light modern self cannot dwell. Cultural palingenesis can only emerge from a culture that, confronting the roots of its own deviations and sins, seeks to be reborn. Therefore, experiencing decadence to its extremity represents the pinnacle of tragic sentiment toward a lost golden age. Through the maelstrom of pleonexia, the decadent novel ultimately establishes a basis for imagining cultural palingenesis. The central characteristics of the decadent novel as a genre encompass the decadent subject, the decadent political imagination, the decadent form, and the decadent style. The decadent subject, serving as the protagonist, embodies the palpitating center of ultramodernity, being a figure characterized by aesthetical and ethical emotivism, dandyism, the imperative of self-realization within the realm of negative liberty, and being the ultimate connoisseur of bizarre beauty amidst a dying civilization. Simultaneously, the decadent subject also serves as a reservoir of ressentiment against modernity. Through the lens of conservative antimodernism, the decadent subject unveils nihilism as the essence of modernity and decadence as the historical stage reached by the West. Decadent political imagination responds to this perceived stage of decadence by developing a critique of modernity imbrued either with a vision of cultural palingenesis beyond modernity or with a vision of bringing modernity to the extremity of its inherent nihilism and thereby to the point of self-annihilation of modernity. The decadent form provides the framework for pleonexia to articulate itself, thereby allowing the excesses of an insatiable, exorbitant and antinomian civilization to manifest vividly. The decadent style is characterized by excessive artificiality, bizarre decor, and saturation with sensations. It employs swollen, labyrinthine, and esoteric language with the maximalist aim of encapsulating every aspect of the Western civilization as a damned civilization dying in a scandalous excess and satanic extravagance. The decadent novel transforms the downfall of the West into an artistic spectacle that indulges all senses with bizarre sensations, aiming to bring readers closer to experiencing the ideal of the golden age. The decadent novel carries within itself the light of the inquisition, delighting in probing the pathologies of modernity and classifying all the features of its decadence. Only through confronting the horror of the West's transgressions and its subsequent punishment by falling into modernity does the possibility of cultural palingenesis arise
The use of the digital portal of the City library "Ivan Goran Kovačić" Karlovac among the librarians of the Karlovac County
No full textPorast korištenja računala, interneta, društvenih mreža i sl. zahtijeva kontinuirano stjecanje novih vještina u računalnom i mrežnom okružju. Informacijski stručnjaci su ti koji istražuju načine na koje bi trebali rješavati pitanja koja se nameću kao posljedica korištenja informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija. Gradska knjižnica “Ivan Goran Kovačić” Karlovac matična je knjižnica za školske i narodne knjižnice Karlovačke županije. Knjižnica obavlja knjižničnu djelatnost koja osobito obuhvaća digitalizaciju knjižnične građe. Portal Digitalne zbirke Gradske knjižnice „Ivan Goran Kovačić“ Karlovac na svojim mrežnim stranicama pruža pristup zbirkama digitalizirane građe pohranjene u fondu Gradske knjižnice. Rad donosi rezultate provedenog istraživanja o učestalosti korištenja portala Digitalne zbirke među knjižničarima Karlovačke županije te prijedloge unapređenja s ciljem poboljšanja usluge.Increase in the use of computers, the Internet, social networks etc. requires continuous acquisition of new skills in the computer and network environment. Information specialists are the ones who investigate the ways in which the issues that arise as a result of the use of information and communication technologies should be solved. The City library "Ivan Goran Kovačić" Karlovac is the referent library for the school and public libraries of the Karlovac County. The library performs library activities and is increasingly focusing on the digitization of library materials. The Digital Collection Portal of the City library “Ivan Goran Kovačić” Karlovac provides access to the collections of digitized materials stored in the City library's collection. The thesis brings results of the research on the frequency of use of the Digital Collection portal among the librarians of the Karlovac County and suggestions for improvement of the service
Uloga međugrupnog kontakta i društvenih normi u predikciji međuetničkih stavova i ponašanja adolescenata, pripadnika većine i manjine
No full textThis dissertation aimed to extend our knowledge about the effects of specific types of intergroup contacts and perceived ingroup norms about contacts on various indicators of intergroup relations by addressing several limitations in the existing literature. Across three studies, we examined whether direct and extended intergroup contacts, as well as perceived peer, parental, and school contact norms, predict positive and negative outgroup attitudes and behaviors of ethnic majority (Croats) and minority (Serbs, Hungarians, Czechs, and Italians) adolescents from four multiethnic communities in the Republic of Croatia, assessing both their independent contributions and their combined effects cross-sectionally and over time.
The first cross-sectional study examined the role of perceived peer, parental, and school norms about intergroup contact as antecedents of intergroup outcomes in a sample of 1440 students during the first wave of data collection. A positive perception of all three types of norms predicted lower discrimination tendencies and greater prosocial behavior toward the outgroup, while perceived peer and parental norms also predicted lower ingroup bias and social distance. While the effects of specific types of norms mostly on social distance varied with adolescents’ age, group status, and intergroup context, their effects on other intergroup outcomes were similar among all adolescents. The second two-wave longitudinal study explored the reciprocal relationships between different measures of direct and extended intergroup contact and intergroup outcomes in a sample of 1150 students over 1 year. The results revealed bidirectional effects between direct contacts, social distance, and prosocial behavior, as well as a single directional effect from prior extended contact to later ingroup bias. Most other effects were in the reversed direction, with initial outcomes predicting later specific contact measures. All of the examined effects were equally strong among majority and minority adolescents and those from post-conflict and more harmonious intergroup contexts. The third study contrasted the roles of perceived contact norms as mediators and moderators of cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of direct and extended intergroup friendships on positive and negative outgroup orientations in the longitudinal sample of 1228 students. All three types of norms exclusively mediated the cross-sectional effects of both types of friendships on outgroup orientations at T1 and T2, with no evidence of longitudinal mediation or moderation. Parental norms showed the most consistent mediating effects, followed by school norms, while the effects of peer norms were mostly inconsistent.
Taken together, the results of the three studies indicate that both intergroup contacts and perceived ingroup norms about contact can play different important roles in the regulation of interethnic attitudes and behaviors of majority and minority adolescents in multiethnic communities, with perceived norms operating more concurrently and intergroup contacts over time. Most importantly, they seem to function similarly among both majority and minority, as well as adolescents living in conflictual and peaceful intergroup contexts.Međugrupni kontakti i društvene norme u različitim oblicima odavno su prepoznati kao važne odrednice odnosa među pripadnicima različitih društvenih grupa. Brojna dosadašnja istraživanja pokazuju da izravni međugrupni kontakti u obliku neposrednih interakcija licem u lice s pripadnicima vanjske grupe, a pogotovo u obliku međugrupnih prijateljstava, kao i prošireni kontakti ostvareni putem percepcije da pripadnici vlastite grupe imaju pozitivne i prijateljske kontakte s vanjskom grupom, dovode do pozitivnijih stavova i ponašanja prema pripadnicima te grupe. S druge strane, stavovi i ponašanja prema pripadnicima vanjskih grupa često su usklađeni i s percipiranim sadržajem različitih vrsta društvenih normi koje propisuju i opisuju kako bi se članovi vlastite grupe trebali odnositi ili kako se doista odnose prema tim grupama. Međutim, istraživanja međugrupnog kontakta i društvenih normi uglavnom su se razvijala odvojeno, te su tek u novije vrijeme istraživači počeli razmatrati značenje i utjecaj specifičnih normi koje pripadnici vlastite grupe mogu imati u pogledu kontakta s pripadnicima vanjskih grupa. Pritom novija istraživanja unutargrupnih normi o kontaktu, kao subjektivnih percepcija uobičajenih i prihvatljivih međugrupnih interakcija među pripadnicima vlastite grupe, sugeriraju da takve norme mogu imati različite uloge u odnosu između različitih vrsta međugrupnih kontakta te pokazatelja međugrupnih odnosa.
Dosadašnja istraživanja i kontakta i normi o kontaktu imaju po nekoliko dijeljenih i specifičnih metodoloških i konceptualnih ograničenja. Naime, većina istraživanja rađena je na transverzalnim podacima te na uzorcima djece, studenata ili odraslih, grupa većinskog društvenog statusa i u pretežito nekonfliktnim međugrupnim kontekstima Sjeverne Amerike i Zapadne Europe. Rijetka longitudinalna istraživanja međugrupnih kontakta generalno pokazuju da izravni i prošireni kontakti poboljšavaju međugrupne stavove i ponašanja kroz vrijeme, no obrnuti smjer utjecaja od ranijih međugrupnih ishoda do kasnijih kontakata je još uvijek nejasan u slučaju izravnih te posve neistražen u slučaju proširenih kontakata. Nadalje, iako meta analitički podaci sugeriraju da su transverzalni efekti generičkih izravnih kontakata snažniji među pripadnicima većine, a efekti izravnih i proširenih međugrupnih prijateljstava podjednako snažni među grupama različitog društvenog statusa, malo se zna o potencijalnim statusnim razlikama u dugoročnim efektima i izravnih i proširenih kontakata. Slično tome, i transverzalni i longitudinalni efekti obje vrste kontakta rijetko su uspoređivani među većinsko-manjinskim kontekstima s različitom povijesti međugrupnih odnosa.
Nedostatak longitudinalnih nacrta te statusnih i kontekstualnih usporedbi još je izraženiji u istraživanjima percipiranih unutargrupnih normi o međugrupnom kontaktu. Pritom su same norme često nedosljedno operacionalizirane u različitim istraživanjima. Neka su bila usmjerena na različite izvore normativnog utjecaja (npr. vršnjačke, obiteljske, školske ili opće norme vlastite grupne), druga na sadržajno različite aspekte normi (npr. običajni ili propisujući aspekt), dok su rijetka istraživanja istovremeno obuhvatila oba ključna aspekta percepcije normi ili više od jednog normativnog izvora. Također, većina istraživanja ispitivala je ulogu normi kao antecedenata međugrupnih kontakta, te ili kao moderatora efekata izravnih kontakta na međugrupne ishode ili kao medijatora efekata izravnih i proširenih međugrupnih prijateljstva. Pritom je uloga normi o kontaktu kao antecedenata međugrupnih ishoda uglavnom zanemarena, dok niti jedno dosadašnje istraživanje nije izravno usporedilo značajnost medijacijskih i moderacijskih efekata normi na istom uzorku.
Stoga je cilj ove disertacije bio ispitati uloge izravnih i proširenih međugrupnih kontakta te percipiranih roditeljskih, obiteljskih i školskih normi o kontaktu, kao i njihove međusobne odnose, u predviđanju različitih pokazatelja međugrupnih ishoda među adolescentima, pripadnicima etničke većine (Hrvati) i manjine (Srbi, Mađari, Česi i Talijani) u četiri višeetničke zajednice u Republici Hrvatskoj. Istraživanje je provedeno u dvije vremenske točke, tijekom proljeća i jeseni 2017. (TI) i 2018. (T2), među učenicima šestih i sedmih razreda 21 osnovne, te učenicima drugih i trećih razreda 10 srednjih škola koji pohađaju cjelokupnu nastavu na hrvatskom te kontekstualno relevantnom manjinskom jeziku po obrazovnom modelu A. Kroz tri objavljena rada analizirali smo uloge međugrupnih kontakata kao antecedenata ili posljedica pozitivnih i negativnih međugrupnih ishoda te uloge normi kao antecedenata i medijatora ili moderatora odnosa između obje vrste kontakta i ishoda, koristeći pritom i transverzalne i longitudinalne podatke te uspoređujući rezultate među pripadnicima manjine i većine te različitim međugrupnim kontekstima.
Prvi rad je ispitivao efekte percipiranih roditeljskih, vršnjačkih i školskih normi o kontaktu na unutargrupnu pristranost, socijalnu distancu, sklonost diskriminaciji i prosocijalno ponašanje prema vanjskoj grupi na uzorku od 1440 adolescenata koji su pristupili istraživanju u T1. Pozitivnija percepcija sve tri vrste normi o kontaktu predviđala je manju sklonost diskriminaciji te češće prosocijalno ponašanje prema pripadnicima vanjske grupe, dok su pozitivnije roditeljske i vršnjačke norme predviđale i manju unutargrupnu pristranost te socijalnu distancu. Iako su dodatne moderacijske analize pokazale da se efekti specifičnih vrsta normi uglavnom na socijalnu distancu razlikuju među adolescentima različite dobi, grupnog statusa i iz post-konfliktnog te ostalih nekonfliktnih konteksta, normativni efekti na većinu drugih međugrupnih ishoda su bili podjednako snažni među svim adolescentima.
Drugi rad je ispitivao recipročne longitudinalne odnose među različitim mjerama izravnog i proširenog međugrupnog kontakta te pokazatelja međugrupnih odnosa na uzorku od 1150 adolescenata koji sudjelovali u istraživanju i u T1 i u T2. Rezultati su utvrdili značajne recipročne i podjednako snažne longitudinalne efekte između bliskosti izravnih međugrupnih kontakta i socijalne distance te čestine druženja s međugrupnim prijateljima i prosocijalnog ponašanja, kao i značajne izravne efekte proširenih prijateljstava preko članova obitelji u T1 na manju unutargrupnu pristranost u T2. Ostali značajni efekti bili su u obrnutom smjeru, pri čemu je unutargrupna pristranost u T1 predviđala manju čestinu druženja i manje proširenih prijateljstava preko unutargrupnih prijatelja u T2, socijalna distanca u T1 manje proširenih prijateljstava preko članova obitelji u T2, a prosocijalno ponašanje u T1 manju bliskost izravnih kontakta i manje proširenih prijateljstava putem unutargrupnih prijatelja u T2. Pritom su svi navedeni efekti bili podjednako snažni među pripadnicima manjine i većine te adolescentima iz post-konfliktnog te ostalih nekonfliktnih međugrupnih konteksta.
Treći rad je izravno usporedio uloge percipiranih roditeljskih, vršnjačkih i školskih normi o kontaktu kao medijatora i moderatora transverzalnih i longitudinalnih efekata izravnih i proširenih međugrupnih prijateljstava na pozitivnu i negativnu međugrupnu orijentaciju u longitudinalnom uzorku od 1228 adolescenata. Rezultati su pokazali da su sve tri vrste normi o kontaktu primarno medijatori, a ne moderatori, transverzalnih, ali ne i longitudinalnih, efekata međugrupnih prijateljstava na međugrupne orijentacije. Pritom su percipirane roditeljske norme bili medijatori efekata obje vrste prijateljstava i na pozitivnu i na negativnu međugrupnu orijentaciju u T1 i T2, školske norme samo na pozitivnu orijentaciju u T1 i T2, a vršnjačke norme samo na negativnu orijentaciju te samo u T1.
Zaključno, rezultati ove disertacije sugeriraju da međugrupni kontakti i percipirane unutargrupne norme o kontaktu mogu imati različite uloge u regulaciji međugrupnih stavova i ponašanja adolescenata u višeetničkim zajednicama, pri čemu norme o kontaktu imaju više neposredne, a međugrupni kontakti više dugoročne efekte. No, što je najvažnije, imaju slične efekte među pripadnicima manjine i većine, kao i u konfliktnim te nekonflitnim sredinama
Vrednovanje gramatike u pisanim ispitima engleskog jezika u okviru komunikacijskog jezičnog pristupa u Hrvatskoj
No full textThe topic of this master’s thesis is grammar assessment in EFL written tests within the communicative language teaching (CLT) paradigm, with a specific focus on grammar assessment practices and attitudes toward CLT of teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Croatian elementary and secondary schools. Although substantial research on teachers’ attitudes toward CLT is available, there remains a notable lack of research exploring this topic in the Croatian context, particularly teachers’ grammar assessment practices. The theoretical section of this thesis outlines different approaches to language teaching and emphasizes some of the major differences in grammar assessment practices among them. Particular attention is given to the communicative language teaching approach and some of the key characteristics of grammar assessment within the CLT framework. The study was conducted in two parts. In the first part, an online questionnaire was developed to examine teachers’ attitudes toward CLT, as well as their self-reported grammar assessment practices in written tests. In the second part, a checklist based on the theoretical overview outlined in the thesis was designed to analyze actual written tests that participants had to submit as part of the study. The research sample consisted of 12 EFL teachers. The findings revealed that the participants had a moderately positive attitude toward CLT. These results were consistent with previous studies referenced in this thesis that examined EFL teachers’ views about CLT. However, unlike the results of these studies, which concluded that teachers’ actual classroom practices still reflected traditional language teaching methods rather than the CLT principles, the present study suggested otherwise. It was observed that Croatian EFL teachers’ grammar assessment practices in written tests did reflect some of the common CLT principles. However, due to the limited sample size, it is important to note that the findings of this study should be interpreted with caution. Further research with a larger sample is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.Tema je ovog diplomskog rada vrednovanje gramatike u pisanim ispitima engleskog jezika u okviru komunikacijskog jezičnog pristupa, s posebnim naglaskom na metode vrednovanja gramatike, te stavove o komunikacijskom jezičnom pristupu nastavnika u hrvatskim osnovnim i srednjim školama. Iako postoji velik broj dostupnih istraživanja o stavovima nastavnika o komunikacijskom pristupu, još uvijek nedostaje istraživanja koja se ovom temom bave u hrvatskom kontekstu, posebice kada je riječ o metodama vrednovanja gramatike. U teorijskom dijelu predstavljeni su različiti pristupi poučavanju i vrednovanju stranog jezika, kao i neke od glavnih razlika u metodama vrednovanja gramatike. Posebno je istaknut komunikacijski jezični pristup uz neke od ključnih obilježja vrednovanja gramatike unutar tog pristupa. Istraživanje se sastojalo od dvaju dijelova. U prvom dijelu istraživanja razvijen je upitnik putem interneta koji je ispitivao stavove nastavnika o komunikacijskom jezičnom pristupu, kao i njihove metode vrednovanja gramatike u pisanim ispitima. Za drugi dio osmišljena je tablica za analizu pisanih ispita koje su nastavnici trebali predati kao dio istraživanja. U ovom je istraživanju sudjelovalo dvanaestero nastavnika engleskog jezika. Rezultati su pokazali njihov umjereno pozitivan stav o komunikacijskom jezičnom pristupu. Ti su rezultati u skladu s prethodnim istraživanjima navedenima u ovom radu koja su također ispitivala stavove nastavnika engleskog jezika o komunikacijskom jezičnom pristupu. Međutim, za razliku od tih istraživanja koja su pokazala da metode poučavanja nastavnika i dalje odražavaju tradicionalniji pristup gramatici unatoč njihovu pozitivnom stavu o komunikacijskom pristupu, rezultati ovog istraživanja ukazuju na suprotno. Uočeno je da su metode vrednovanja gramatike hrvatskih nastavnika engleskog jezika u pisanim ispitima u većoj mjeri odražavale neke od ključnih načela komunikacijskog jezičnog pristupa. Međutim, zbog ograničene veličine uzorka, važno je napomenuti da ove rezultate treba tumačiti s oprezom. Da se dobiju pouzdaniji rezultati, potrebno je provesti daljnja istraživanja na većem uzorku nastavnika
Христианские элементы в романе "Идиот" Ф. М. Достоевского
No full textU ovom se završnom radu analiziraju kršćanski elementi u romanu Idiot F. M. Dostoevskoga. Analiziraju se motivi dječje nevinosti, svjetla, oprosta i križa. Glavni junak romana, knez Myškin, ima osobine koje ga povezuju s Isusom Kristom, jer simbolizira dobrotu, istinu i težnju za harmonijom, dok mu se svijet oko njega suprotstavlja tamom. Kroz priču o Marie i djeci, koja se dogodila za vrijeme Myškinova boravka u Švicarskoj, razvija se ideja da ljubav i oprost mogu promijeniti čovjeka. U romanu se susreću i aluzije na Apokalipsu, kroz koju se analizira pitanje vjere te dobra i zla. Važno mjesto u analizi romana zauzima slika Hansa Holbeina mlađeg "Mrtvi Krist u grobu", koja također potiče na razmišljanja o vjeri, smrti, uskrsnuću te kenozisu, tj. dobrovoljnom poniženju Boga radi spasenja ljudi
Analysis of Rhetoric and Nonverbal Communication of Melodifestivalen hosts
No full textMelodifestivalen är ett av Sveriges största tv-program och en viktig plattform för musik och underhållning. Programledarna spelar en central roll i att skapa stämning och engagemang hos publiken genom sin retorik och icke-verbala kommunikation. Detta examensarbete analyserar hur två olika programledare, Petra Mede och Sanna Nielsen, använder retoriska strategier och kroppsspråk för att kommunicera med tittarna. Analysen baseras på teorier om retorik (Aristoteles ethos, logos och pathos) samt icke-verbal kommunikation med stöd av forskning från Dimbleby & Burton, Moore, Hickson & Stacks samt Pease & Pease, med fokus på ansiktsuttryck, gester och proxemik. Resultaten visar att varje programledare anpassar sitt sätt att tala och röra sig beroende på sin personlighet och publikens förväntningar. Deras olika strategier påverkar hur de uppfattas av tittarna och bidrar till dynamiken i Melodifestivalen. Examensarbetet belyser hur retorik och kroppsspråk tillsammans formar en programledares framgång och genomslag i ett stort tv-evenemang.Melodifestivalen jedan je od najvećih i najgledanijih televizijskih sadržaja u Švedskoj, služeći pritom kao značajna platforma za glazbu i zabavu. U ovom radu analizirana je uloga voditeljica, Petre Mede i Sanne Nielsen, u oblikovanju atmosfere i uspostavljanju interakcije s publikom kroz retoričke strategije i neverbalnu komunikaciju. Analiza se temelji na Aristotelovim principima ethosa, logosa i pathosa, kao i na ključnim elementima neverbalnog izražavanja poput mimike, gesti i proksemije, oslanjajući se na teorijske uvide autora Dimblebyja i Burtona, Moore, Hicksona i Stacksa te Peasea i Pease. Analizirana su dva različita stila voditeljica, pri čemu je uočeno da svaka od njih prilagođava svoj verbalni i neverbalni izraz ovisno o vlastitoj osobnosti i očekivanjima gledatelja. Rezultati pokazuju da obrađene strategije utječu na percepciju publike i pridonose dinamičnosti i sveukupnom dojmu programa, dok sam završni rad ističe važnost sinergije između retorike i neverbalne komunikacije u postizanju uspjeha voditelja na velikim televizijskim događajima.Melodifestivalen is one of Sweden's largest television shows and an important platform for music and entertainment. The presenters play a central role in creating atmosphere and engagement with the audience through their rhetoric and non-verbal communication. This study analyses how two different presenters, Petra Mede and Sanna Nielsen, use rhetorical strategies and body language to communicate with the viewers. The analysis is based on theories of rhetoric (Aristotle's ethos, logos and pathos) as well as non-verbal communication, drawing on the work of Dimbleby & Burton, Moore, Hickson & Stacks, and Pease & Pease, with a focus on facial expressions, gestures and proxemics. The results show that each presenter adapts their way of speaking and moving depending on their personality and the audience's expectations. Their different strategies affect how they are perceived by the viewers and contribute to the dynamics of Melodifestivalen. The study highlights how rhetoric and body language together shape a presenter's success and impact in a major television event
Übersetzung aus dem Deutschen ins Kroatische. Übersetzung aus dem Kroatischen ins Deutsche
No full textDiplomski se rad sastoji od prijevoda dijelova dviju knjiga. S njemačkoga na hrvatski prevedene su tri priče iz knjige „Die spukenden Habsburger. Blaublütigen Geistern auf der Spur“ autorice Gabriele Hasmann, koja opisuje nadnaravne pojave povezane s članovima dinastije Habsburg.
S hrvatskoga na njemački preveden je dio poglavlja o Berlinu iz knjige „Četiri europska grada. Kulturološki obzori“ autora Viktora Žmegača, koja donosi kulturno-povijesni prikaz Pariza, Beča, Praga i Berlina kroz umjetnički, intelektualni i urbani razvoj tih gradova
Deutsch und Deutschunterricht bei den Franziskanern in Visoko. Kultur- und bildungsgeschichtlicher Überblick und sprach- und bildungsbiographische Analyse
No full textDie vorliegende Diplomarbeit untersucht die Rolle und Entwicklung des Bildungswesens der Franziskaner in Bosnien und Herzegowina, mit besonderem Fokus auf das Erlernen der deutschen Sprache.
Ein historischer Überblick im zweiten Kapitel beleuchtet die Entwicklungen seit der Zeit der
österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie. Im nächsten Kapitel wird das Erziehung- und Bildungswesen der Franziskaner behandelt. Die Franziskaner spielten eine wichtige Rolle im Bildungssektor und betrachteten Bildung auch als Mittel zur interkulturellen Verständigung.
In einem eigenen Kapitel wird das Franziskanische Gymnasium in Visoko beschrieben, wobei die institutionelle und sprachliche Ausrichtung des Gymnasiums besonders hervorgehoben wird. Außerdem wird sowohl auf historische Entwicklungen als auch auf die heutige Bedeutung des Deutschen in Bosnien und Herzegowina eingegangen.
Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Sprachbiographie, die im Rahmen der Arbeit theoretisch und praktisch beleuchtet wird. Im empirischen Teil wurden drei Interviews mit Informanten analysiert, um die individuellen Sprachbiographien zu rekonstruieren.
Die Arbeit zeigt, wie tief verwurzelt die deutsche Sprache im Bildungsverständnis der Franziskaner ist und wie sie über die Jahrhunderte hinweg bis heute als Brücke zwischen Kulturen dient
Petersburg in The Double by F. M. Dostoevsky
No full textU pripovijesti Dvojnik Fedora Mihajloviča Dostoevskog grad Peterburg nije samo mjesto radnje, već i njezin pokretač. Od samog osnivanja grada mišljenja o Peterburgu bila su podijeljena, stoga je on istovremeno postojao kao pozitivna i negativna pojava. Dvojništvo se zbog toga sjajno uklapa u dvojnu percepciju grada. Kroz Peterburg teku brojne rijeke i kanali, pa podvojenost, osim u glavnome junaku, nalazimo upravo u mostovima i vodi. Konkretno se spominju tri mosta: Izmajlovskij, Semenovskij i Aničkov. Nazive prva dva mosta možemo povezati s biblijskim likovima i događajima, dok se na trećem nalaze skulpture mitoloških blizanaca, od kojih je jedan par skulptura kopija. Ime glavnog junaka, Jakova Petroviča Goljadkina, također ima obilježja dvojnosti. Osim povezanosti s biblijskim Jakovom i Petrom, tu nailazimo i na opoziciju Peterburg – Moskva. Kada god su u pitanju biblijska braća, mlađi je taj koji dobiva veća prava od starijeg, što se ponekad postiže i obmanjivanjem. Nadmoć mlađeg lako se može povezati s odnosom između Peterburga i Moskve. Voda nam pokazuje da je Peterburg negativan dio tog para. On se konstantno opisuje kao hladan, surov, kišovit. Kiša i vjetar fizički kažnjavaju glavnog junaka. Nevrijeme je osobito silno upravo u noći u kojoj gospodin Goljadkin prvi put vidi svog dvojnika, za kojeg možemo reći da je produkt poplave, odnosno da ga je „donijela voda”. Poplave, inače karakteristične za Peterburg, neminovno povezujemo s biblijskim Velikim potopom. Veliki potop kazna je za nemoralnost i prilika za novi život, međutim, u Peterburgu kao da se događa obratno: kažnjava se glavni junak, a poplava rezultira pojavom podmuklog dvojnika koji zauzima njegovo mjesto te se glavni junak Goljadkin udaljava iz grada u nepoznato