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Shareholder litigation rights, CEO turnover, and board monitoring
No full textWe investigate how shareholder litigation rights impact CEO turnover decisions and board oversight. We exploit an unexpected court ruling that increased hurdles for shareholders of Ninth Circuit firms to initiate securities class action lawsuits. After the ruling, the sensitivity of forced CEO turnover to performance decreases for firms in the Ninth Circuit. Additionally, board independence declines and directors of Ninth Circuit firms attend fewer meetings and hold more external board positions after the decision. These effects are exacerbated in firms that lack monitoring from institutional shareholders. For firms dependent on shareholder litigation, the reduction in litigation rights was economically significant and led to a 9.72 % decline in firm value.</p
Leveraging Virtual Communities for Capacity Building in Complex HCI Environments
No full textThis paper investigates the implementation and impact of a virtual Community of Practice (vCoP) designed to aid community-based organisations (CBOs) in Victoria, Australia, in developing multicultural digital messaging during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our goal was to evaluate the vCoP's effectiveness in enhancing capacity and sustaining meaningful connections for participants beyond the study's immediate scope.Utilising Action Research (AR) and ethnography, we offer insights into the operational dynamics and effectiveness of vCoPs within complex environments. We identify crucial factors for optimising vCoP capacity building, focusing on (i) the participants and their roles, and (ii) the modes of engagement employed within the vCoP. This study provides a foundation for future research that incorporates these considerations, aiming to guide vCoPs in similar contexts, to build participant capacity within and outside the contexts of ongoing research. It also underscores the necessity for longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impacts and effectiveness of these strategies. Overall, this work contributes to the broader discourse on leveraging social learning within Human-Centred Computing (HCI) to address intricate challenges and support community empowerment in dynamic settings.</p
Medication Adherence and its Associated Factors and Glycemic Control in Older Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Vietnam
No full textObjective: This study aims to address the prevalence and determine associated factors of medication adherence and glycemic control among older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Vietnam. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from July to December 2023 in Hanoi. Participants living with T2DM aged 60 years and over were included in this study. Data were collected from medical records, functional mobility measurement, and face-to-face interviews. Medication nonadherence was defined by Morisky Medication Adherence-8, and poor glycemic control was evaluated by HbA1c indicator. Results: In total, 587 participants were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 72.9 (SD = 7.5) years. The prevalence of medication nonadherence was 23.9% and poor glycemic control was 71.4%. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, instrument activity daily living dependency (OR: 2.44; 95% CI 1.3–4.6), low physical activity (OR: 1.69; 95% CI 1.06– 2.67), having depression symptoms (OR: 1.76, 95% CI 1.07–2.9), and poor diabetes knowledge (OR: 2.44; 95% CI 1.53–3.9) were significantly associated with medication nonadherence. Moreover, age (OR: 0.97; 95% CI 0.94–0.99), having diabetes ≥ 5 years (OR: 2.3; 95% CI 1.43–3.7), and having more diabetes complications (OR: 1.28; 95% CI 1.01–1.61) were significantly associated with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant burden of medication nonadherence and poor glycemic control among older adults with T2DM in Vietnam, identifying key factors such as depressive symptoms, low physical activity, and inadequate diabetes knowledge.</p
Vehicle safety ratings estimated from police-reported crash data:2025 Evaluation: Australian and New Zealand crashes during 1987-2023
No full textThis study describes the calculation of updated ratings that measure the relative secondary safety of vehicles (prevention of severe injury to people involved in crashes) and relative primary safety (crash avoidance ability). Three different aspects of secondary safety are examined: crashworthiness which focuses on drivers of the rated vehicle; aggressivity which focuses on drivers of other vehicles and unprotected road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists colliding with the rated vehicle; and total secondary safety which examines the combined crashworthiness and aggressivity performance of the rated vehicle. The primary safety measure estimates the reduction in crash risk related to the fitment of various advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to each vehicle. Updated ratings for 1982-2023 model vehicles were estimated based on data on crashes in Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, New Zealand and South Australia during 1987-2023. Crashworthiness rating (driver injury protection) estimates and their associated confidence limits were obtained for 867 vehicle models classified into ten market groups. Aggressivity rating (collision partner injury protection) estimates and their associated confidence limits were obtained for 777 vehicle models. The total secondary safety index estimates and their associated confidence limits were obtained for 947 vehicle models classified into ten market groups. Updated vehicle primary safety (crash avoidance) ratings were estimated reflecting the fitment of key proven crash avoidance technologies including electronic stability control, roll stability control, autonomous emergency braking, lane keep assist, daytime running lights and reversing sensors and cameras. An Overall Safety rating was calculated, which measures the combined primary and secondary safety performance of each vehicle. Ratings were presented for consumer information based on a method which classifies vehicles according to where each rating lies across equal quintiles of performance.The relationship between vehicle crashworthiness and the year of manufacture of Australian passenger and light commercial vehicles manufactured from 1964 to 2023 was also investigated. Trends were examined by year of manufacture both for the fleet as a whole and by market group for vehicles manufactured from 1982 to 2023.The results of this report are based on a number of assumptions and warrant a number of qualifications that should be noted
Enhancing Engagement and Learning in Computing Education: Automated Moodle-Based Problem-Solving Assessments
No full textThis paper presents the design and refinement of automated Moodle-based Problem-Solving Assessments (PSAs) deployed across large-scale computing units. Developed to replace traditional exams, PSAs assess applied problem-solving skills through parameterised, real-world tasks delivered via Moodle’s quiz engine. Integrated with interactive workshops, this approach supports authentic learning, mitigates academic integrity risks, and reduces inconsistencies in marking. Iterative improvements have enhanced scalability, fairness, and alignment with learning outcomes. The model offers a practical and sustainable alternative for modern computing and engineering education
Submission to the Senate Inquiry into Australia’s youth justice and incarceration system
No full textMalay Music Culture of Urang Pulo:Identity and Dilemma
No full textMalay Music Culture of Urang Pulo: Identity and Dilemma presents a seminal ethnomusicological investigation into the distinct, yet under-researched, performing arts of the Urang Pulo (Islanders) inhabiting the Banyak Archipelago, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Based on longitudinal fieldwork conducted between 2010 and 2023, this book systematically classify and analyze the archipelago’s syncretic (kacokan) cultural heritage, which synthesizes influences from West Coastal Sumatra, Minangkabau (Pagaruyung), Nias, Simeulue, and colonial European interactions.This book also provides the first scholarly documentation of the core sikambang tradition, encompassing the sacred adok ritual dance of the former Tuangku Kingdom, the Malay-European hybrid langser dance, bardic talibun storytelling, and the intricate vocal ornamentation of dendang buai (lullabies). Beyond organological and musicological analysis, the study critically interrogates the construction of Urang Pulo identity within the "Greater Malay West-Coastal and Offshore Islands Area" of Sumatra. It further addresses the "conservational dilemma" facing these intangible cultural assets, analyzing the decline of traditional practices due to economic marginalization and modernization while proposing frameworks for cultural revitalization. This work constitutes a critical contribution to the preservation of Indonesian intangible heritage and the study of Southeast Asian maritime cultures
The effectiveness of aquatic and leisure facility advertising:an older adult perspective
No full textLocal governments in Australia invest significant public funds in aquatic and leisure facilities (ALFs) to support leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). LTPA advertising including imagery attempts to counter trends toward physical inactivity and present LTPA opportunities. Online advertising offers a promising mode of delivery to disseminate information about LTPA opportunities and encourage participation. Guided by visual ageism and the information environment theory, this article examines older adult’s perceptions of ALF website images. The study utilized semi-structured interviews with (n = 18) older adults (M = 71 years of age) and a deductive thematic analysis. Participants raised concerns regarding the portrayal of older adults as ill, incapable, and the ‘grouping’ of older adults in images. Additionally, participants encouraged age diversity in imagery as there are shared health and fitness goals across all age groups. The paper concludes by recommending ALF management adopt ‘design for dynamic diversity’ principles and increase older adult participation in advertising design.</p
Hidden bias, overt impact:a systematic review of the empirical literature on racial microaggressions at work
No full textThis article presents a systematic review of literature on workplace racial microaggressions. Increasingly, workplaces around the world have made concerted efforts to foster diversity, equity, and inclusion in their workforces. However, racial discrimination is a social issue that continues to be endemic to the workplace—including, yet not limited to, the prevalence of racial microaggressions. These microaggressions can, at times, be covert, and undertaken sometimes without the explicit awareness or intention of the perpetrator. Yet, the consequences of these can be very real for the person impacted (the target), which include diminished wellbeing, job satisfaction, and career progression. To capture the overall trends and themes that empirical research has examined related to workplace racial microaggressions, a systematic review of 48 scholarly peer-reviewed articles on the topic was conducted. The review highlights how racial microaggressions have been conceptualized and measured in previous work, and critically examines empirical findings to date. The systematic review reveals that more work needs to be done to advance our understanding of this field of inquiry. To address this, a future research agenda based on identified gaps in the literature is articulated which highlights opportunities for advancement of the literature. Addressing these gaps will provide actionable insights for organizations in addressing the insidious social issue of racial microaggressions in the workplace, and support scholars in the development of future work.</p