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Bridging gaps between theory and practice in inclusive education:Pakistani PSTs’ insights into the HHH apprenticeship framework
No full textThis study suggests an alternative approach for a teacher education course emphasising inclusive education guided by Shulman’s (2004) inclusion by heart, head, and hands (3H) framework in Pakistan. This approach integrates theories into a practical model for university and school-based curricula to reinforce partnerships involving both university academics, including teacher educators, and school teachers, co-teaching an inclusive education course. The aim was to investigate how such collaborative experience influenced the inclusive practices of pre-service teachers (PSTs) over a 6-weeks duration who were given training through a traditional and an apprenticeship approach. From each cohort, 12 PSTs were recruited (Experimental N = 12; Control N = 12), their insights gathered through semi-structured interviews during their practicum and analysed through thematic analysis. Findings indicate that the apprenticeship approach enabled PSTs to integrate real classroom practical examples from collaborating with school teachers, facilitating networks between inclusive education theory and practice in their teaching.</p
Reframing Diversity in Computing on the Basis of Genders
No full textIn this paper, we revisit the issues surrounding the lack of gender diversity in computing and build a theory on the roles and effects of genders in computing. Our intention is to transform human experiences with computing technologies to more equitably reflect and represent diversity. To support gender diversity in design, we work to create an integrated trans-feminist theory. In doing so we draw from diverse fields, including English, psychology, philosophy, cultural theory, law, medicine, and feminist, queer, disability, indigenous, post-colonial, Black, and Chicana studies. We show how and why marginalized people need to develop our own languages and voices as a step in empowering our identities. We assemble quantitative data showing the paucity of people with historically marginalized genders in computer science education and in our best papers. We use the participation gap in computing, combined with the mental health impact, to argue that computing, as a field, needs to critically examine our cis/heteronormative tendencies, which perpetuate a vicious cycle of erasure, and instead frame scholarship in terms of gender identities and presentations.</p
Challenges for implementing generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into clinical healthcare
No full textGenerative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is a form of deep learning AI based on inference that offers significant potential in healthcare. It has versatile capabilities: GenAI excels in complex human language communication, synthesising information from large and diverse datasets and performing broad, complex tasks reliably. Other important capabilities include scalability, ‘always on’ and cost effectiveness. Taken together, GenAI technology appears to possess considerable potential for healthcare. However, the implementation poses several challenges, including technological problems, regulatory considerations, workforce impact and building trust. Using evidence and expert opinion to explore these issues, the review aims to inform clinical experts about this rapidly evolving field.</p
The Australian WEB3 music ‘community’ and the ‘indie’ mainstream
No full textThis paper examines the hesitancy of Australian musicians towards embracing the music non-fungible token (NFT) as a commodity. Drawing on the concepts of cultural autonomy and the digital disruptive sublime, the study argues that the overtly economic nature of NFTs challenges the ideology of creative independence in the hegemonic ‘indie’ music scene. Through interviews with nine Australian musicians who participated in our project, the research finds a cautious curiosity towards the technology, with technical barriers and a perceived cultural disconnect between the NFT ‘community’ and traditional music scenes contributing to hesitation. The paper concludes that attempts to engineer disruption in the music industry through web3/blockchain technology have thus far failed to attract sustained interest from musicians, as the cultural norms and practices associated with NFTs do not align with the values of the existing indie music ecosystem. The findings highlight the difficulties in planning and engineering cultural change within the music industry
Teachers’ attitudes and self-efficacy toward inclusive education in mainland China:a meta-analysis
No full textClassroom teachers’ inclusive practices that address students’ diverse needs are vital for successful inclusive education reform. Given that teachers’ attitudes and self-efficacy beliefs toward inclusive education are arguably pivotal factors in influencing the implementation of inclusive education, this meta-analysis synthesized the research on Chinese teachers’ attitudes and self-efficacy toward inclusion. Applying rigorous inclusion criteria,16 qualifying studies from 2010 to 2024 covering 10361 Chinese teachers were identified. Three random-effect models revealed that Chinese teachers generally hold moderately positive attitudes (g = 0.42) and high self-efficacy toward inclusion (g = 1.31) over the past ten years. Furthermore, Chinese teachers’ attitudinal and efficacy beliefs were moderately correlated ((Formula presented.) = 0.49). Following meta-regression analysis revealed that the correlation between attitudes and self-efficacy has seen a slightly positive trend over the past decade. Moreover, female teachers had marginally higher self-efficacy toward inclusion than their male counterparts. However, teacher type (pre-service or in-service teacher), students’ type of disability, and school-level factors did not significantly predict teachers’ attitudes, self-efficacy, or their correlation. Understanding the status of teachers’ attitudes, self-efficacy, and the influencing factors could foster their use of inclusive practices in regular classrooms.</p
Towards fair decentralized benchmarking of healthcare AI algorithms with the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge
No full textComputational competitions are the standard for benchmarking medical image analysis algorithms, but they typically use small curated test datasets acquired at a few centers, leaving a gap to the reality of diverse multicentric patient data. To this end, the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) Challenge represents the paradigm for real-world algorithmic performance evaluation. The FeTS challenge is a competition to benchmark (i) federated learning aggregation algorithms and (ii) state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms, across multiple international sites. Weight aggregation and client selection techniques were compared using a multicentric brain tumor dataset in realistic federated learning simulations, yielding benefits for adaptive weight aggregation, and efficiency gains through client sampling. Quantitative performance evaluation of state-of-the-art segmentation algorithms on data distributed internationally across 32 institutions yielded good generalization on average, albeit the worst-case performance revealed data-specific modes of failure. Similar multi-site setups can help validate the real-world utility of healthcare AI algorithms in the future.</p
A cross population study of retinal aging biomarkers with longitudinal pre-training and label distribution learning
No full textRetinal age has emerged as a promising biomarker of aging, offering a non-invasive and accessible assessment tool. We developed a deep learning model to estimate retinal age with enhanced accuracy, leveraging retinal images from diverse populations. Our approach integrates self-supervised learning to capture chronological information from both snapshot and sequential images, alongside a progressive label distribution learning module to model biological aging variability. Trained and validated on healthy cohorts (34,433 participants from the UK Biobank and three Chinese cohorts), the model achieved a mean absolute error of 2.79 years, surpassing previous methods. When applied to broader populations, analysis of the retinal age gap—the difference between retina-predicted and chronological age—revealed associations with increased risks of all-cause mortality and multiple age-related diseases. These findings highlight the potential of retinal age as a reliable biomarker for predicting survival and aging outcomes, supporting targeted risk management and precision health interventions.</p
Exploring Giftedness and the Gifted Learner in Education and Beyond:An Autoethnographic Study with Critical Friends
No full textThe concept of giftedness is complex, contested and evolving and may be thus frustratingly challenging to apply in practice. One area of emerging research is understanding the personal experiences of those who identify as gifted in order to better represent the myriad culturally diverse conceptions of giftedness that evolve over a lifetime. In this article, I employ an autoethnographic approach to explore aspects of my adult identity as an atypical learner. This journey unfolds in crafted vignettes that reveal the complexities and multi-dimensionality of my learning and are analysed using Gagné’s Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT). As I investigate my journey as a gifted lifelong learner at school, then as a teacher, teacher educator and corporate executive, three critical friends, the other authors of this paper, offer an etic perspective about my experiences of giftedness. The aim of the article is to illuminate the importance of examining personal experiences, stories and voice as a way of conceptualising giftedness, and to position giftedness as an evolving lifelong experience. In the article we offer several implications for the normalisation of giftedness in education which resonates into adulthood.The concept of giftedness is complex, contested and evolving and may be thus frustratingly challenging to apply in practice. One area of emerging research is understanding the personal experiences of those who identify as gifted in order to better represent the myriad culturally diverse conceptions of giftedness that evolve over a lifetime. In this article, I employ an autoethnographic approach to explore aspects of my adult identity as an atypical learner. This journey unfolds in crafted vignettes that reveal the complexities and multi-dimensionality of my learning and are analysed using Gagné’s Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT). As I investigate my journey as a gifted lifelong learner at school, then as a teacher, teacher educator and corporate executive, three critical friends, the other authors of this paper, offer an etic perspective about my experiences of giftedness. The aim of the article is to illuminate the importance of examining personal experiences, stories and voice as a way of conceptualising giftedness, and to position giftedness as an evolving lifelong experience. In the article we offer several implications for the normalisation of giftedness in education which resonates into adulthood.</p
Domain-Independent True Fact Identification from Knowledge Graph
No full textThe trustworthiness of information in the Knowledge Graph (KG) is determined by the trustworthiness of information at the fact level. KGs are incomplete and noisy. Yet, most existing error detection approaches were applied to specific KGs. A large percentage of error detection approaches work well on DBpedia, particularly. However, we do not have a single KG containing all the information regarding the entity relations of a specific entity from any random class. The main objective of this research is to increase the trustworthiness of entity relations from KGs. In this paper, we propose a framework for identifying fact entity information that combines two independent approaches from knowledge graphs, ensuring the accuracy of triples. The first approach detects true facts of entity information from various KGs by integrating Linked Open Data (LOD), string similarity measures, and semantic similarity measures. Next, we propose an error detection and correction approach using RDF Reification on the integrated environment, independent of any particular KG. The research was conducted on related and diverse knowledge graphs, DBpedia, YAGO and Wikidata. In addition, the effectiveness of RDF reification for identifying true facts is evaluated on Wikidata on selected entities. The proposed framework provides a flexible framework for improving data quality across multiple KGs, enabling broader applicability in data integration and semantic search domains. Future work will explore extending this approach to deep learning models with additional features like entity type and path for error detection and correction in real-time KG applications.</p
The role of humour in software engineering—A literature review and preliminary taxonomy
No full textHumour has long been recognized as a key factor in enhancing creativity, group effectiveness, and employee well-being across various domains. However, its occurrence and impact within software engineering (SE) teams remains under-explored. This paper introduces a comprehensive, literature review-based taxonomy exploring the characterization and use of humour in SE teams, with the goal of boosting productivity, improving communication, and fostering a positive work environment while emphasizing the responsible use of humour to mitigate its potential negative impacts. Drawing from a wide array of studies in psychology, sociology, and organizational behaviour, our proposed framework categorizes humour into distinct theories, styles, models, and scales, offering SE professionals and researchers a structured approach to understanding humour in their work. This study also addresses the unique challenges of applying humour in SE, highlighting its potential benefits while acknowledging the need for further empirical validation in this context. Ultimately, our study aims to pave the way for more cohesive, creative, and psychologically supportive SE environments through the strategic use of humour.</p