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Enhancing peer feedback provision through user interface scaffolding:A comparative examination of scripting and self-monitoring techniques
No full textDespite its perceived benefits, peer feedback provision is often associated with challenges such as superficial comments, poor content quality, and students’ unwillingness to criticise their peers’ work. This study explores the effects of two well-established scaffolding strategies — scripting and self-monitoring on students’ engagement, quality of peer feedback, and evaluative judgement. A total of 149 higher education students from a course that utilises a peer feedback tool were randomly divided into two conditions: one leveraging an interface for peer feedback provision that incorporates scripted instruction and the other using an interface implemented to support self-monitoring. Results suggest a significant distinction between the two scaffolded strategies. Students in the scripted condition provided longer and superior-quality feedback and also exhibited a more critical perspective in their evaluations compared to the self-monitoring condition. This study unfolds two significant contributions. First, it enriches the growing body of empirical evidence on educational design principles in peer feedback provision by expanding our understanding of the individual scaffolding tool effects, specifically in the context of scripting and self-monitoring. This contribution is crucial as it lays the groundwork for more nuanced explorations into optimal strategies for their application in future research. Second, the study contributes to the burgeoning interest in developing theory-based digital learning environments. We discuss the implications of these findings, including highlighting potential long-term advantages associated with the employment of the self-monitoring approach despite its seemingly less effective performance in the short run.</p
Technology for good? Tencent’s corporate social responsibility, institutional chameleon, and the future of platform economies
No full textThere have been global regulatory debates and efforts aimed at holding digital platforms accountable for the public interest. Utilizing mixed methods of documentary research and expert interviews, this article examines how the Chinese digital giant Tencent leverages its adaptive capabilities for corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in response to increasingly stringent regulation in China. Specifically, it explores Tencent’s organizational restructuring, including the establishment of the sustainable social value (SSV) division, as well as the accompanying corporate practices and discursive strategies aimed at enhancing its legitimacy. As an exemplar of the “institutional chameleon,” Tencent has deftly navigated regulatory waters through organizational metamorphosis. However, while Tencent’s enhanced CSR initiatives have certainly yielded some social benefits, the SSV initiatives are increasingly emerging as a new business frontier for the company, leveraging its vast infrastructural capacities to capitalize on the very social fabric it purports to support. This underscores the complexities and contradictions inherent in its CSR practices and the significance of the intrinsic logic of digital platforms as a modern business.</p
Comments on: exploratory functional data analysis
No full textA useful approach to exploratory functional data analysis is to work in the lower-dimensional principal component space rather than in the original functional data space. I demonstrate this approach by finding anomalies in age-specific US mortality rates between 1933 and 2022. The same approach can be employed for many other standard data analysis tasks and has the advantage that it allows immediate use of the vast array of multivariate data analysis tools that already exist, rather than having to develop new tools for functional data.</p
Thinking, recounting:the first Australian Screen Studies Association Conference (1982)
No full textAcross its history, a crucial component in the formation and maintenance of film studies in Australia has been the local and international exchange of ideas and critical formations facilitated by film studies conferences. Arguably one of the most important events to influence the direction of film studies in Australia was the First Australian Screen Studies Association (ASSA) Conference held at La Trobe University, Melbourne in December 1982. This was an international event which brought together leading film academics from around the country, prominent overseas keynote speakers, representatives from national film institutions, film critics and independent filmmakers and scholars. The ASSA Conference broke new ground, explored controversial topics, stimulated national debate and highlighted the future direction of Australasian film studies. Informed by archival documents, this essay describes the planning, preparations and hosting of the first ASSA conference to provide a record of the ecology of Australian film (and television) studies–its institutions, personnel, and critical positions–at a key historical moment in its development. This account contributes to an understanding of the institutional and intellectual foundations of film studies as a discipline and illuminates the contours of Australian and international traditions of film and media studies, past and present.</p
Testing the role of spontaneous activity in visuospatial perception with patterned optogenetics
No full textA major debate in the field of consciousness pertains to whether neuronal activity or rather the causal structure of neural circuits underlie the generation of conscious experience. The former position is held by theoretical accounts of consciousness based on the predictive processing framework (such as neurorepresentationalism and active inference), while the latter is posited by the integrated information theory. This protocol describes an experiment, part of a larger adversarial collaboration, that was designed to address this question through a combination of behavioral tests in mice, functional imaging, patterned optogenetics and electrophysiology. The experiment will directly test if optogenetic inactivation of a portion of the visual cortex not responding to behaviorally relevant stimuli will affect the perception of the spatial distribution of these stimuli, even when the neurons being inactivated display no or very low spiking activity, so low that it does not induce a significant effect on other cortical areas. The results of the experiment will be compared against theoretical predictions, and will provide a major contribution towards understanding what the neuronal substrate of consciousness is.</p
Robust Text Watermarking Based on Modifying the Stroke Components of Chinese Characters
No full textTraditional codebooks used for tracing information leakage in text documents often suffer from limitations in embedding capacity, robustness, and efficiency due to their manual generation process. This paper proposes a robust text watermarking method based on the stroke components of Chinese characters. By designing an innovative approach, Chinese character strokes are divided into several distinct components, with only specific ones being selectively modified to generate new glyphs, thus forming a unique codebook. The watermark signals are embedded by substituting the carrier glyph with the newly generated one, and the signals are extracted using a template matching method. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to traditional manually designed codebooks, the proposed method significantly reduces human labor and computational overhead while maintaining high visual quality. Moreover, it exhibits superior robustness and adaptability across various challenging scenarios, including digital noise attacks, print-scanning attacks, and print-camera capture, making it a highly effective solution for protecting textual information.</p
Individual and contextual factors determining school belonging of adolescents in the UK:evidence from PISA
No full textThere has been long discussion in educational psychology about the individual factors that promote pupils’ sense of school belonging during secondary education. However, the literature on the school factors associated with these outcomes seems to be less informed. By utilising an ecological-systemic approach, the present study aimed to consider the predictive role of a range of individual and school factors including academic achievement, motivation, gender, class size, extracurricular resources, and type of school attended. To do this, UK data of a large, current and representative sample of 14,157 15-year-old pupils in 550 schools from the Programme for the International Student Assessment (PISA) study were analysed. Using a multi-level structural equation modelling framework, results indicated that the individual-level factors statistically significant associated with pupils’ sense of belonging were academic motivation, gender, and socio-economic status, explaining 6% of the student-level variance. School factors that predicted sense of school belonging included availability of extracurricular activities, and class size, explaining 39% of the school-level variance. Our results provide strong evidence concerning the importance of school factors that may be more malleable to change, when compared to individual factors, in determining pupils’ sense of belonging. We propose a theoretical framework that integrates the role of individual and school factors to advance knowledge concerning pathways for the development of evidence-based intervention targeting the improvement of school belonging.</p
Skeleton-OOD:An end-to-end skeleton-based model for robust out-of-distribution human action detection
No full textHuman action recognition is crucial in computer vision systems. However, in real-world scenarios, human actions often fall outside the distribution of training data, requiring a model to both recognize in-distribution (ID) actions and reject out-of-distribution (OOD) ones. Despite its importance, there has been limited research on OOD detection in human actions. Existing works on OOD detection mainly focus on image data with RGB structure, and many methods are post-hoc in nature. While these methods are convenient and computationally efficient, they often lack sufficient accuracy, fail to consider the exposure of OOD samples, and ignore the application in skeleton structure data. To address these challenges, we propose a novel end-to-end skeleton-based model called Skeleton-OOD, which is committed to improving the effectiveness of OOD tasks while ensuring the accuracy of ID recognition. Through extensive experiments conducted on NTU-RGB+D 60, NTU-RGB+D 120, and Kinetics-400 datasets, Skeleton-OOD demonstrates the superior performance of our proposed approach compared to state-of-the-art methods. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of classic OOD detection techniques in the context of skeleton-based action recognition tasks, offering promising avenues for future research in this field. Code is available at https://github.com/YilliaJing/Skeleton-OOD.git.</p
The Effect of Sequential Transition of Self-Regulated Learning Processes on Performance:Insights from Ordered Network Analysis
No full textProductively engaging in SRL is challenging for learners since it involves coordinating multiple motivational, affective, cognitive, and metacognitive processes. Researchers have investigated methods to adaptively scaffold learners' productive engagement using SRL processes automatically captured by SRL detectors. However, most previous studies relied solely on the frequency of SRL processes to drive adaptive scaffolds (e.g., feedback, hints), possibly missing the sequential characteristics inherent to self-regulation, a crucial dimension of productive SRL. To address this gap, this study analysed the impact of sequential transitions between multiple SRL processes on learners' performance on a reading-writing task with a hypermedia environment called Flora. A sample of 66 secondary-school learners completed the task and trace data were collected. Grounded in the COPES model of SRL, a rule-based SRL detector was employed to capture SRL processes from collected trace data. We employed a method combining logistic regression with ordered network analysis (ONA) to analyse the transitions between the detected SRL processes. This exploratory study revealed several influential transitions to learners' performance in different temporal learning blocks of self-regulation. The implications suggest the potential of using COPES SRL process transitions to drive adaptive scaffolds to facilitate engagement in productive SRL, benefiting performance outcomes in hypermedia environments.</p