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Feedback in K-12 and higher education:Educators’ perspectives
Get PDFFeedback is essential in education, yet often studied within isolated educational sectors. This study investigates feedback practices across K-12 and higher education by surveying 254 educators to explore perceptions of effective feedback, student barriers, and methods for tracking feedback impact. Our findings reveal that higher education educators prioritise cognitive and structural feedback elements, emphasising actionable suggestions and timely delivery. In contrast, K-12 educators focus on social-affective aspects, such as feedback tone, to support a nurturing learning environment. Despite these sector-specific preferences, discrepancies exist between educators' beliefs and practices, highlighting a need for enhanced feedback literacy.</p
Design of MSE Wall with geotextile reinforcement for temporary mitigation of landslide in Padang Panjang - Sicincin road section (STA 64+100)
Get PDFThe Padang Panjang - Sicincin roads section was cut off due to a flash flood on Saturday, 11 May 2024. This caused a landslide in the area resulting in the national road access being cut off, and traffic flow was forced to be diverted to several alternative routes. The study aims to obtain the total length of geotextile at any depth (L), the vertical spacing of the layers (Sv), and the lap length (l1) in MSE wall heights at STA 64 + 100. The computation method for external and internal stability (pull out and break), uses the Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). From the calculation results for the effective height (He) of the MSE wall of 8 m, the reinforcement length is 6 m, the embedment depth is 0.6 m, the vertical spacing (Sv) is 0.8 m from the internal stability, and the fold length (l1) is 1 m. The design results obtained MSE wall dimensions that are safe for external and internal stability. These dimensions can be used for temporary landslide handling but not long-term. For long-term stability, adding facing elements like secant piles, cantilever walls, and other forms is recommended to avoid erosion due to river water flow.</p
Reflections on 50 years of sentencing reform:the good, the bad and the future
Get PDFSentencing reform in Australia over the past 50 years has reflected ideological conflicts and deeper structural transformations in the economy and in society. It is a tale of two paradigms, one which is inclusive, participatory and rehabilitative, the other punitive and populist. This article identifies many of the positive changes over that period such as the recognition of the role of victims in the criminal justice system, the introduction of diversion programs, restorative justice and problem-oriented courts, the growth of trauma-informed sentencing and the creation of sentencing advisory councils. It also notes the rise of the prison population. The influence of penal populism has produced mandatory sentencing laws, restrictions on parole and post-release dispositions for those deemed to be too dangerous to be released into the community. Finally, it notes the possible role of artificial intelligence in sentencing.</p
Heritage language learners in the foreign language classroom
Get PDFHeritage language learners are a heterogenous group themselves, and prevalent contrasts exist between them and foreign language learners. This presents challenges for the amalgamation of heritage language learners and foreign language learners within a single language classroom. Reviewing relevant literature, this paper discusses the differences between heritage language learners and foreign language learners, and how these can be accounted for by educators. It argues that, without specific, individualised differentiation, the foreign language classroom is inappropriate for the heritage language learner due to its inability to sufficiently account for their heterogeneity, diverse backgrounds and unique motivations for language learning. The difficulty defining heritage language learners is covered first, followed by their heterogeneity and differences they exhibit with foreign language learners. The relevant literature is then tied into implications for the language classroom and a discussion of how heritage language learners may be best included within these contexts
Uncovering hidden dynamics of past kinship and exchange relations on Papua New Guinea’s south coast (650–300 cal BP) through scanning electron microscopy automated mineralogy analyses of pottery sherds
Get PDFEthnographic accounts of Melanesian exchange systems, such as the Kula and Hiri, have significantly influenced the development of anthropology. These accounts primarily focus on male agency framed by heroic seafaring ventures, while the agency of women and their cultural practices—key to the interconnectedness of Melanesian societies—has often been overlooked. On Papua New Guinea’s south coast details of women’s cultural practices are available in ethnography, and the remains of the pottery they made survive well in archaeological contexts. This paper reports the results of Scanning Electron Microscopy based Automated Mineralogy (SEM-AM) analyses of selected pottery sherds from two regions on the Papua New Guinea’s south coast located 80 km apart. The sherds are very similar in form and decoration, so we employed precise mineral characterisations to assign the pottery sherds to mineralogical groups and test whether they originated in the same manufacturing location and were traded along the coast. The mineralogical analyses uncovered nuances of past social entanglements, revealing that seafaring alliances and networks were maintained through kinship. We argue that in this instance, pottery-making traditions spread along the coast through the movement of women and intermarriage.</p
Shredding
Get PDFThe practices and vernacular of concrete worlds is highly specific, reflecting different orientations to its material qualities. As skate-boarders move through built spaces, they navigate cartographies ofconcrete differently than others. For example, they shred concrete edges of ledges and benches, changing the contours of concrete surfaces. In their material play amidst concrete spots, skateboarders also generate social encounters with other people, sometimes in conflict and sometimes in ways that elicit recruitment into a new form of interface with collective urban spaces
Social networking sites use and life satisfaction:a moderated mediation model of e-health literacy, fatigue, uncertainty, and stress
Get PDFExcessive social media use during health crises can lead to information overload and psychological distress, yet the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. This study investigated how social networking sites (SNS) affected life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran and whether this relationship was explained by SNS fatigue, uncertainty about disease, and stress. The research also examined whether e-health literacy was a protective factor in this process. Results confirmed that SNS use negatively affected life satisfaction through a sequential pathway of increased fatigue, uncertainty, and stress. E-health literacy moderated the initial link between SNS use and fatigue, with higher literacy weakening this relationship. The results demonstrate the complex relationship between SNS use and wellbeing during health crises and highlight the potential protective role of e-health literacy.</p
Weak identification in discrete choice models
Get PDFWe study the impact of weak identification in discrete choice models, and provide insights into the determinants of identification strength in these models. Using these insights, we propose a novel test that can consistently detect weak identification in commonly applied discrete choice models, such as probit, logit, and many of their extensions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that when the null hypothesis of weak identification is rejected, Wald-based inference can be carried out using standard formulas and critical values. A Monte Carlo study compares our proposed testing approach against commonly applied weak identification tests. The results simultaneously demonstrate the good performance of our approach and the fundamental failure of using conventional weak identification tests for linear models in the discrete choice model context. Lastly, we apply our approach in two empirical examples: married women labor force participation, and US food aid and civil conflicts.</p
Between ‘fetal viability’ and the ‘viability of families’:decision-making for extremely premature infants in Spain
Get PDFNeonatal expertise and technologies have been perfected over the last decades, improving preterm infants' survival rates and allowing a gradual reduction in the gestational age limits of fetal viability. Using the concept of viability as a starting point, we analyze decision-making processes regarding extremely preterm newborns at the limits of viability. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in a public hospital in Barcelona between March and November 2023, we examine the knowledge forms, rationalities and values that healthcare workers employ when guiding families in decisions about infants' viability. In this respect, we thoroughly analyze the actors involved and the extent of their agency. The findings point out that although neonatal decisions in Spain are embedded in an ethos of “individual responsible choice,” they are in practice collectively produced and shaped by two main (sometimes conflicting) drivers: the perceived means of families to face the challenges posed by infants with high chances of severe sequelae (the ‘viability of families’), and the preterm patients' perceived “will to live” (‘fetal viability’). The study highlights how viability in this context needs to be understood within the structural socioeconomic constraints and struggles to make and raise families in Spain.</p
Risk and decision-making:communication between health professionals and pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia in Catalonia
Get PDFThe biomedical model of attention focuses on preventive risk assessment to mitigate the apparition of future diseases. In the event of a pregnancy classified “at risk” of preeclampsia, screening undertaken in first-term ultrasound controls determines which patients receive preventive treatment. This article examines women's narratives on the communication dynamics with health professionals by drawing on an eight-month ethnographic fieldwork, between 2022 and 2023, in a Barcelona hospital's obstetrics department and 24 semi-structured interviews with women in the postpartum period. The participants of this study had been classified at high risk of developing preeclampsia, which is determined through a screening undertaken during the first trimester of pregnancy, or had a diagnosis of preeclampsia. The results suggest that risk classification significantly impacts the decision-making process and the technical parameters. As we contend, participants experienced difficulties receiving quality information and communicating with professionals, making shared decision-making challenging. As we conclude, doctor-patient dialogue and shared decisions are increasingly replaced by institutional protocols where patients feel their knowledge and experiences have little room.</p